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Kalemera Rwaka Ntagara was Mwami of the Kingdom of Rwanda in the mid-18th century.
Jan Vansina suggests from the oral traditions that he was the victim of a coup by Cyilima II Rujugira. [1]
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Mutara II Rwogera was the King of Rwanda from 1845 to his death in 1867. Under his rule and that of his successor Kigeli IV Rwabugiri, the kingdom reached its pinnacle of power.
Kigeli IV Rwabugiri was the king (mwami) of the Kingdom of Rwanda in the mid-nineteenth century. He was among the last Nyiginya kings in a ruling dynasty that had traced their lineage back four centuries to Gihanga, the first 'historical' king of Rwanda whose exploits are celebrated in oral chronicles. He was a Tutsi with the birth name Sezisoni Rwabugiri. He was the first king in Rwanda's history to come into contact with Europeans. He established an army equipped with guns he obtained from Germans and prohibited most foreigners, especially Arabs, from entering his kingdom.
Jan Vansina was a Belgian historian and anthropologist regarded as an authority on the history of Central Africa, especially of what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi. He was a major innovator in the historical methodology of oral tradition. As a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, he taught several generations of students and, according to a biographer, "set the pace in African historical studies from the 1950s into the 1990s."
Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa was Mwami of Rwanda between September 1895 and December 1896, having been made co-ruler by his father Kigeli IV Rwabugiri in 1889. Rutarindwa is sometime transcribed Rutalindwa.
Muhumusa was a leader of the east African Nyabingi spiritual practice, which was influential in Rwanda and Uganda from 1850 to 1950. Muhumusa is said to have been a medium of the spirit of a legendary African woman, known as Nyabinghi.
David Starr Newbury is the Gwendolen Carter professor of African studies at Smith College, Massachusetts. He received his PhD from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1979 for thesis titled Kings and clans on Ijwi Island (Zaire), c. 1780-1840 under the supervision of Jan Vansina. His academic work has three major foci within East and Central Africa. The first was pre-colonial societal transformation in the Kivu Rift Valley. The second was how a Rwandan famine in the late 1920s reinforced colonial rule. The final major focus was the transformation of a hunter-gatherer society in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo into an agricultural economy. His recent work has included studies of the historical roots of Central African violence in the late 1990s to present. René Lemarchand states, "No attempt to grasp the historical context of genocide [in Rwanda] can ignore Catherine [sic] and David Newbury’s seminal contributions."
Gihanga I is a Rwandan cultural hero described in oral histories as an ancient king popularly credited with establishing the ancient Kingdom of Rwanda. Gihanga descended from a line of Nyiginya headed by Kigwa and introduced foundational elements of the African Great Lakes civilization, including fire, cattle, metalworking, hunting, woodworking, and pottery. He was described as possessing talents in leadership, technology, and spirituality. It is said that Gihanga ruled Rwanda from his palace in the forest of Buhanga, an area that retained its forbidden and sacred status through the period of colonialism until the new government of Paul Kagame opened it to the public in 2004. No tangible evidence exists - apart from oral myths - to indicate that Gihanga lived, although many Rwandans believe that he once lived.
The Congo-Nile Divide region of Rwanda and Burundi is a mountainous area in the southern section of the Congo-Nile Divide, to the east of the Albertine Rift. The region includes the Nyungwe and Kibira national parks. The Bugoyi people live in the region.
Yuhi IV Gahindiro was the King of Rwanda from 1801 to 1845. He was the head of Bahindiro clan and father of Mutara II Rwogera. His reign is remembered in Rwandan history as the most peaceful. He died with no blood on his hands.
Yuhi III Mazimpaka was the Mwami (King) of kingdom of Rwanda from 1735 to 1766.
Kigeli II Nyamuheshera was a possible Mwami (King) of the Kingdom of Rwanda in the late 17th century. Jan Vansina proposed that he was fictional, and added to the royal genealogy later to complete a cycle of dynastic names.
Cyilima II Rujugira was Mwami (King) of Kingdom of Rwanda from 1770 to 1786. Cyilima II Rujugira is famous for coining the phrase "Urwanda ruratera ntiruterwa".
The Nyiginya or Banyiginya were a royal Tutsi clan in pre-colonial Rwanda. They ruled the Kingdom of Rwanda until 28 January 1961, when Kigeli V Ndahindurwa was deposed as part of the Coup of Gitarama.
Kigeli III Ndabarasa was a warrior Mwami of the Kingdom of Rwanda during the eighteenth century. The son of Cyilima II Rujugira, he was raised to be co-ruler by his father before attaining the throne on his death in 1765 or 1786. His reign was marked by military campaigns that expanded Rwandan territory and control. He brought the people of Ndorwa into the kingdom and conquered the small kingdom of Muabli. He expanded the large number of armies he had inherited from his father and founded new armies in Ndorwa and Burundi. He increased support for his military force by creating four new herds of cattle for his army, as well as ten for cattle-herders, and expanded the number of domains for cattle herding into new territories. At the same time, the observance of the practice of veneration for ancestors decreased during his reign. He died due to complications from an operation and was succeeded by his son Sentabyo.
Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo, also known as Mhwerazikamwa, was a Mwami; Umwami wimye Ingoma Habaye Ubwirakabiri of the Kingdom of Rwanda during the eighteenth century. He succeeded Kigeli III Ndabarasa. The start of his reign was supposedly marked by two eclipses (Ubwirakabiri); the most officially coinciding with his intronization being that of June 13, 1741, and another one on April 13, 1763.
Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura was Mwami (King) of the Kingdom of Rwanda between roughly 1700 and 1735.
The Lubudi River is a tributary of the Sankuru River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The mouth of the river is in the Kuba Chiefdom of the Mweka Territory in Kasai Province.
The Kingdom of Bugesera was an independent Bantu kingdom that existed from the 16th to 18th century in Central Africa. Around 1799, it was conquered and divided by the Kingdom of Rwanda and Kingdom of Burundi.
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