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The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948, or the First Kashmir War, was a war fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1947 to 1948. It was the first of four Indo-Pakistani wars that was fought between the two newly independent nations. Pakistan precipitated the war a few weeks after its independence by launching tribal lashkar (militias) from Waziristan, in an effort to capture Kashmir and to preempt the possibility of its ruler joining India. The inconclusive result of the war still affects the geopolitics of both countries.
Murree is a mountain resort city, located in the Galyat region of the Pir Panjal Range, within the Muree District of Punjab, Pakistan. It forms the outskirts of the Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area, and is about 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Islamabad. It has average altitude of 2,291 metres (7,516 ft). The British built this town during their rule to escape the scorching heat in the plains of Punjab during the summer.
The Indo-Aryan language spoken on the Pothohar Plateau in the far north of Pakistani Punjab, as well as in most of Pakistan's Azad Kashmir and in western areas of India's Jammu and Kashmir, is known by a variety of names, the most common of which are Pahari, and Pothwari.
Murree Brewery ; PSX: MUREB) is a Pakistani multinational manufacturer of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. It is Pakistan's largest and oldest producer of alcoholic products. In 2015, it produced 10 million litres of beer, along with hundreds of tons of single malt whisky, vodka and brandy. Founded by the British in 1860, it is a publicly traded company listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange, and its products are exported to India and Bangladesh. In 2014, the company established a flagship store on Park Avenue, in Manhattan, New York City. In 2013, it was named by Forbes as one of Asia's 200 best companies.
Patriata also known as New Murree is a hill station in northern Punjab, Pakistan. It is situated 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south-east of Murree hill. Patriata is located in Murree Tehsil which is a subdivision of Murree District. It is the highest point in the area and the hills stand 7,500 feet (2,300 m) above sea level.
Rawalakot is the capital of Poonch district in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located in the Pir Panjal Range.
Ayubia National Park, also known as Ayubia, is a protected area of 3,312 hectares (33 km2) located in Abbottabad District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It was declared a national park in 1984. Ayubia was named after Muhammad Ayub Khan (1958–1969), second President of Pakistan. The area supports temperate coniferous forest and temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion habitats, with an average elevation of 8,000 feet (2,400 m) above sea level. Ayubia National Park is surrounded by seven major villages and three small towns of Thandiani, Nathiagali and Khanspur. The park has been developed as a resort complex from a combination of four mini resorts of Khaira Gali, Changla Gali, Khanspur and Ghora Dhaka in Galyat. Currently, it is managed by the Wildlife and Parks Department of Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Margalla Hills National Park is a national park in Pakistan located in Islamabad Capital Territory, near its northern boundary with Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The park includes the Margalla Hills, which form the foothills of the Himalayas, along with Shakarparian Park and Rawal Lake.
The following is a timeline of the Kashmir conflict, a territorial conflict between India, Pakistan and, to a lesser degree, China. India and Pakistan have been involved in four wars and several border skirmishes over the issue.
Kohala is a town in Pakistan on the River Jhelum, north of Murree, south of Muzaffarabad, and east of Bagh. The town was at the independence of Pakistan in 1947 a border town between newly created Pakistan and the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, but is today only the border between the rest of Pakistan and Azad Kashmir.
Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan was the key instigator of the 1947 Poonch Rebellion in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in British India and the later establishment of Azad Kashmir under Pakistani administrative control. He served as the first President of Azad Kashmir. His dismissal in 1950 led to the 1955 Poonch Uprising against Pakistan. He served as the president thrice afterwards, ending his last term in 2001.
Mukshpuri, Mushkpuri, or Mukeshpuri is a 2,800-metre-high (9,200 ft) mountain in the Nathia Gali Hills, in the Circle Bakote Region of Abbottabad District of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in northern Pakistan. It is 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Islamabad, just above Dunga Gali in the Nathia Gali area of Ayubia National Park. It is the second highest peak in the Galyat Region after Miranjani which is located at 2,992 metres (9,816 ft). Much of the mountain is covered with Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests.
Sonamarg or Sonmarg, known as Sonamarag in Kashmiri, is a hill station located in the Ganderbal District of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is located about 62 Kilometers from Ganderbal Town and 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of the capital city, Srinagar.
Ausia is a village in the Union council of Dewal, Murree Tehsil (مری), Murree District, Pakistan. It borders Union Councils of Rawat, Phagwari & Malkot. It is located on Upper Kohala Road at 33°59'0N .73°28'0E at an altitude of 1712 meters (5620). Ausia's boundary starts from spotting Murree-Meridian Marriage Hall, from where the road starts its descent down towards the core village and spreads up to 'Peida' near ex-PM of Pakistan Shahid Khaqan Abbasi's residence & here the next model village 'Dewal' situated in the same UC initiates.
NA-51 (Murree-cum-Rawalpindi) is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan.
Burji La is a natural pass in the Karakoram mountains between Skardu and Deosai National Park in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. Its elevation is 5000 meters. It is famous especially for its beautiful panoramic view of many mountain peaks, including that of K2, Nanga Parbat, Masherbrum, Chogolisa, Laila Peak, Golden Peak, Gasherbrum I, Gasherbrum II, Gasherbrum IV and a part of Broad Peak mountain.
Machulo La is a mountain view point in Central Karakoram National Park, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It is considered the most easiest way to view some of the most highest peaks of Himalayas and Karakoram mountains in a single glance such as K2, Broad Peak, Gasherbrum-I, Gasherbrum-II, Gasherbrum III, Gasherbrum IV, K7, K6 and Nanga Parbat.
The E-75 Expressway or Murree Expressway is a four-lane partially operational controlled-access expressway linking Islamabad to Murree in Punjab province. The second section between Murree and Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir is currently under construction.
Pindi Point is a mountain view tourist spot in Murree, Punjab, Pakistan. It has a view of the high mountains and forests of Murree. On Pindi Point, tourists can easily see the cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
In spring 1947, an uprising against the Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir broke out in the Poonch jagir, an area bordering the Rawalpindi district of West Punjab and the Hazara district of the North-West Frontier Province in the future Pakistan. The leader of the rebellion, Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, escaped to Lahore by the end of August 1947 and persuaded the Pakistani authorities to back the rebellion. In addition to the backing, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan authorised an invasion of the state, by the ex-Indian National Army personnel in the south and a force led by Major Khurshid Anwar in the north. These invasions eventually led to the First Kashmir War fought between India and Pakistan, and the formation of Pakistan administered Kashmir. The Poonch jagir has since been divided across Kashmir, administered by Pakistan and the state of Jammu and Kashmir, administered by India.
References
- ↑ "Kashmir Point Murree Pakistan - Places to Visit at Hamariweb Travel". travel.hamariweb.com. Retrieved 2014-09-04.
- ↑ "Kashmir Point, Murree 8 Insider Tips, Photos and Reviews". virtualtourist.com. Retrieved 2014-09-04.
- ↑ Stephen Alter, Amritsar to Lahore: A Journey Across the India-Pakistan Border, p. 135, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001 ISBN 0812217438.
- ↑ Letters from India and Kashmir, p. 159, George Bell and Sons, 1874.
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