Katharina Ribbeck

Last updated
Katharina Ribbeck
Katharina Ribbeck2.jpg
Born
Darmstadt, Germany
Alma materUniversity of Heidelberg, Germany
Known forStudies on the role of mucus in human health, mucus’ influence on the behavior of harmful pathogens, and the molecular mechanism by which the nuclear pore mediates selective transport
Scientific career
FieldsBiological Engineering
Institutions Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Harvard University
Thesis Mechanistic analysis of transport through the nuclear pore complex (2001)
Academic advisorsDirk Görlich, Tim Mitchison, Iain Mattaj, Andrew Murray, Jan Ellenberg
Videos and articles
Searchtool.svg TED-Ed: How mucus keeps us healthy
Searchtool.svg Science Friday: It's snot what you think
Searchtool.svg STAT News: Why mucus is the ‘unsung hero’ of the human body
Searchtool.svg WIRED: How the Sugars in Spit Tame the Body’s Unruly Fungi
Searchtool.svg MIT Technology Review: The science of slime
Searchtool.svg MIT Spectrum: A slippery viral defense

Katharina Ribbeck is a German-American biologist. She is the Andrew (1956) and Erna Viterbi Professor of Biological Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [1] She is known as one of the first researchers to study how mucus impacts microbial behavior. [2] [3] Ribbeck investigates both the function of mucus as a barrier to pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses [4] [5] [6] and how mucus can be leveraged for therapeutic purposes. [1] She has also studied changes that cervical mucus undergoes before birth, which may lead to a novel diagnostic for the risk of preterm birth. [7]

Contents

Education

Ribbeck received her B.S. in biology [1] [8] from the University of Heidelberg in 1998. During her senior year, she attended the University of California, San Diego, to study neurobiology for her diploma thesis. [2] She earned her Ph.D. in biology, also from the University of Heidelberg, in 2001. [9]

Career

Upon completing her Ph.D., Ribbeck continued her research as a postdoctoral scientist at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, and then Harvard Medical School. After her postdoctoral research, she moved to Harvard University as an independent Bauer Fellow in 2007, where she began to investigate how particles and bacteria move through mucus barriers. [10]

In 2010, Ribbeck moved to the Department of Biological Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an assistant professor. [1] She attained tenure as a full professor in 2017. [11]

Research on nuclear pore complexes

During her Ph.D. work, Ribbeck investigated the selective transport of molecules through the nuclear pore complex, [12] [13] which is partly mediated by a hydrogel barrier. With her Ph.D. advisor, Dirk Görlich, Ribbeck developed a selective phase model for molecular transport through the nuclear pore barrier. [14] [15] Görlich and Ribbeck also showed that molecular transport through nuclear pore complexes may be facilitated by hydrophobic interactions. [15]

Research on mitotic spindles

As a postdoctoral researcher at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ribbeck studied proteins involved in the organization of the mitotic spindle, a dynamic bundle consisting of proteins and molecules that aids in chromosome segregation during cell division. [16] Her research contributed to the discovery of a novel protein (NuSAP) that plays a crucial role in mitotic spindle organization. [17]

Research on mucus

In 2007, Ribbeck's research returned to hydrogels, with a specific focus on mucus, i.e., a large natural hydrogel that is closely related to the polymer network she and Görlich had proposed to exist within nuclear pore complexes. [15] [18] [19] Her work has elucidated the role of mucins, a primary component of mucus, in human health. [2] Ribbeck is known for her pioneering work in this field, which has shown that mucus plays an active role in protecting against harmful pathogens, [20] [21] including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Specifically, her research has shown that mucins and their associated sugar chains (glycans) can "tame" pathogens by inhibiting virulence traits such as biofilm formation, cell adhesion, and toxin secretion. [22] [23] [24] [25]

She has shown that mucins prevent bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans , the bacteria that cause tooth decay, from forming biofilms, which make them hard to eradicate. [26] [27] Ribbeck demonstrated that mucin glycans can reduce the virulence of pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , [22] [23] [28] a bacterium that can cause illness in individuals with cystic fibrosis or compromised immune systems, by inhibiting the cell-cell communication, toxin secretion, and biofilm formation ability of these bacteria.

Ribbeck's work has also demonstrated the role of mucus in protecting against fungal infections. Her studies have shown that mucins and specific mucin glycans induce a morphological change, accompanied by a reduction in biofilm formation and cell adhesion, in Candida albicans , a fungal pathogen that causes a variety of diseases in humans. [24] [29] Her work has also shown that mucins found in multiple types of mucus, including human spit, can prevent fungal pathogens from causing disease in healthy humans. [24] [27] [30]

Ribbeck identified a correlation between the properties of mucus in the cervix in pregnant women and the likelihood of preterm birth [31] and has developed probes to test mucus permeability as a step towards diagnosing the risk for premature birth. [32]

Ribbeck has extensively investigated the biophysical properties of mucus and other hydrogels and the mechanisms by which some particles and molecules, including viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, [33] selectively pass through the barrier. [18] [34] [35] [36] Ribbeck has also studied hydrogels produced by pathogens and has found that the extracellular matrix formed by the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa protects the bacterium against antibiotics. [37]

Ribbeck has investigated approaches for engineering mucus, with the aim of potentially influencing the population of bacteria in the human body. [38] [39] In collaboration with others, Ribbeck demonstrated that synthetic mucins can block toxins produced by Vibrio cholerae , the bacteria that causes cholera. [25] [40] She has also shown that purified foreign mucins can prevent viruses from infecting cells and suggested that they could be used to supplement the anti-viral activity of native mucins. [41]

Awards and achievements

Ribbeck is passionate about educating others on the importance of mucus in human health. [8] Together with her lab, she gives presentation about her work on mucus at the MIT Museum and the Boston Museum of Science. [8]

"The intention here is to really introduce a field to the generations to come, so they grow up understanding that mucus is not a waste product. It's an integral part of our physiology and a really important piece of our health. If we understand it, it can really give us a lot of information that will help us stay healthy and possibly treat diseases." (Ribbeck, 2018) [8]

In 2015, Ribbeck and her team produced a TED-Ed lesson to provide basic education about mucus and its role in human health. [42] Ribbeck has been interviewed on NPR [43] and STAT news [3] and has been featured in articles in WIRED [30] and MIT News. [2] [20] [28]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biofilm</span> Aggregation of bacteria or cells on a surface

A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric conglomeration of extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and DNA. Because they have three-dimensional structure and represent a community lifestyle for microorganisms, they have been metaphorically described as "cities for microbes".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mucus</span> Secretion produced by mucous membranes

Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes. It is typically produced from cells found in mucous glands, although it may also originate from mixed glands, which contain both serous and mucous cells. It is a viscous colloid containing inorganic salts, antimicrobial enzymes, immunoglobulins, and glycoproteins such as lactoferrin and mucins, which are produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes and submucosal glands. Mucus serves to protect epithelial cells in the linings of the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital systems, and structures in the visual and auditory systems from pathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses. Most of the mucus in the body is produced in the gastrointestinal tract.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Secretion</span> Controlled release of substances by cells or tissues

Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland. In contrast, excretion is the removal of certain substances or waste products from a cell or organism. The classical mechanism of cell secretion is via secretory portals at the plasma membrane called porosomes. Porosomes are permanent cup-shaped lipoprotein structures embedded in the cell membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release intra-vesicular contents from the cell.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mucin</span> Glycoprotein

Mucins are a family of high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins (glycoconjugates) produced by epithelial tissues in most animals. Mucins' key characteristic is their ability to form gels; therefore they are a key component in most gel-like secretions, serving functions from lubrication to cell signalling to forming chemical barriers. They often take an inhibitory role. Some mucins are associated with controlling mineralization, including nacre formation in mollusks, calcification in echinoderms and bone formation in vertebrates. They bind to pathogens as part of the immune system. Overexpression of the mucin proteins, especially MUC1, is associated with many types of cancer.

A slime layer in bacteria is an easily removable, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds bacteria cells. Specifically, this consists mostly of exopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. Therefore, the slime layer is considered as a subset of glycocalyx.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goblet cell</span> Epithelial cells that secrete mucins

Goblet cells are simple columnar epithelial cells that secrete gel-forming mucins, like mucin 5AC. The goblet cells mainly use the merocrine method of secretion, secreting vesicles into a duct, but may use apocrine methods, budding off their secretions, when under stress. The term goblet refers to the cell's goblet-like shape. The apical portion is shaped like a cup, as it is distended by abundant mucus laden granules; its basal portion lacks these granules and is shaped like a stem.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alginic acid</span> Polysaccharide found in brown algae

Alginic acid, also called algin, is a naturally occurring, edible polysaccharide found in brown algae. It is hydrophilic and forms a viscous gum when hydrated. With metals such as sodium and calcium, its salts are known as alginates. Its colour ranges from white to yellowish-brown. It is sold in filamentous, granular, or powdered forms.

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Species of bacterium

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common encapsulated, Gram-negative, aerobic–facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. A species of considerable medical importance, P. aeruginosa is a multidrug resistant pathogen recognized for its ubiquity, its intrinsically advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and its association with serious illnesses – hospital-acquired infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and various sepsis syndromes.

<i>N</i>-Acetylneuraminic acid Chemical compound

N-Acetylneuraminic acid is the predominant sialic acid found in human cells, and many mammalian cells. Other forms, such as N-Glycolylneuraminic acid, may also occur in cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extracellular polymeric substance</span> Gluey polymers secreted by microorganisms to form biofilms

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) are natural polymers of high molecular weight secreted by microorganisms into their environment. EPSs establish the functional and structural integrity of biofilms, and are considered the fundamental component that determines the physicochemical properties of a biofilm. EPS in the matrix of biofilms provides compositional support and protection of microbial communities from the harsh environments. Components of EPS can be of different classes of polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, lipopolysaccharides, and minerals.

A cervical mucus plug (operculum) is a plug that fills and seals the cervical canal during pregnancy. It is formed by a small amount of cervical mucus that condenses to form a cervical mucus plug during pregnancy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhamnolipid</span> Chemical compound

Rhamnolipids are a class of glycolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, amongst other organisms, frequently cited as bacterial surfactants. They have a glycosyl head group, in this case a rhamnose moiety, and a 3-(hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA) fatty acid tail, such as 3-hydroxydecanoic acid.

Host microbe interactions in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>

Caenorhabditis elegans- microbe interactions are defined as any interaction that encompasses the association with microbes that temporarily or permanently live in or on the nematode C. elegans. The microbes can engage in a commensal, mutualistic or pathogenic interaction with the host. These include bacterial, viral, unicellular eukaryotic, and fungal interactions. In nature C. elegans harbours a diverse set of microbes. In contrast, C. elegans strains that are cultivated in laboratories for research purposes have lost the natural associated microbial communities and are commonly maintained on a single bacterial strain, Escherichia coli OP50. However, E. coli OP50 does not allow for reverse genetic screens because RNAi libraries have only been generated in strain HT115. This limits the ability to study bacterial effects on host phenotypes. The host microbe interactions of C. elegans are closely studied because of their orthologs in humans. Therefore, the better we understand the host interactions of C. elegans the better we can understand the host interactions within the human body.

Everett Peter Greenberg is an American microbiologist. He is the inaugural Eugene and Martha Nester Professor of Microbiology at the Department of Microbiology of the University of Washington School of Medicine. He is best known for his research on quorum sensing, and has received multiple awards for his work.

ESKAPE is an acronym comprising the scientific names of six highly virulent and antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens including: Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. The acronym is sometimes extended to ESKAPEE to include Escherichia coli. This group of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria can evade or 'escape' commonly used antibiotics due to their increasing multi-drug resistance (MDR). As a result, throughout the world, they are the major cause of life-threatening nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections in immunocompromised and critically ill patients who are most at risk. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus are some of the most ubiquitous pathogens in biofilms found in healthcare. P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, commonly found in the gut flora, soil, and water that can be spread directly or indirectly to patients in healthcare settings. The pathogen can also be spread in other locations through contamination, including surfaces, equipment, and hands. The opportunistic pathogen can cause hospitalized patients to have infections in the lungs, blood, urinary tract, and in other body regions after surgery. S. aureus is a Gram-positive, cocci-shaped bacterium, residing in the environment and on the skin and nose of many healthy individuals. The bacterium can cause skin and bone infections, pneumonia, and other types of potentially serious infections if it enters the body. S. aureus has also gained resistance to many antibiotic treatments, making healing difficult. Because of natural and unnatural selective pressures and factors, antibiotic resistance in bacteria usually emerges through genetic mutation or acquires antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) through horizontal gene transfer - a genetic exchange process by which antibiotic resistance can spread.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Twitching motility</span> Form of crawling bacterial motility

Twitching motility is a form of crawling bacterial motility used to move over surfaces. Twitching is mediated by the activity of hair-like filaments called type IV pili which extend from the cell's exterior, bind to surrounding solid substrates, and retract, pulling the cell forwards in a manner similar to the action of a grappling hook. The name twitching motility is derived from the characteristic jerky and irregular motions of individual cells when viewed under the microscope. It has been observed in many bacterial species, but is most well studied in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Myxococcus xanthus. Active movement mediated by the twitching system has been shown to be an important component of the pathogenic mechanisms of several species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pho regulon</span>

The Phosphate (Pho) regulon is a regulatory mechanism used for the conservation and management of inorganic phosphate within the cell. It was first discovered in Escherichia coli as an operating system for the bacterial strain, and was later identified in other species. The Pho system is composed of various components including extracellular enzymes and transporters that are capable of phosphate assimilation in addition to extracting inorganic phosphate from organic sources. This is an essential process since phosphate plays an important role in cellular membranes, genetic expression, and metabolism within the cell. Under low nutrient availability, the Pho regulon helps the cell survive and thrive despite a depletion of phosphate within the environment. When this occurs, phosphate starvation-inducible (psi) genes activate other proteins that aid in the transport of inorganic phosphate.

Karine Gibbs is a Jamaican American microbiologist and immunologist and an associate professor in the Department of Plant and Microbial Biology at the University of California, Berkeley. Gibbs’ research merges the fields of sociomicrobiology and bacterial cell biology to explore how the bacterial pathogen Proteus mirabilis, a common gut bacterium which can become pathogenic and cause urinary tract infections, identifies self versus non-self. In 2013, Gibbs and her team were the first to sequence the genome of P. mirabilis BB2000, the model organism for studying self-recognition. In graduate school at Stanford University, Gibbs helped to pioneer the design of a novel tool that allowed for visualization of the movement of bacterial membrane proteins in real time. In 2020, Gibbs was recognized by Cell Press as one of the top 100 Inspiring Black Scientists in America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jessica A. Scoffield</span> American microbiologist

Jessica A. Scoffield is an American microbiologist and an assistant professor in the Department of Microbiology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine. Scoffield studies the mechanisms by which oral commensal bacteria interfere with pathogenic bacterial growth in order to inform the development of active therapeutic tools to prevent drug resistant pathogen infection. In 2019, Scoffield became the inaugural recipient of the American Association for Dental Research Procter and Gamble Underrepresented Faculty Research Fellowship.

<i>Pseudomonas</i> quinolone signal Molecule to signal group actions in cells

The molecule 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone, also named the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS), has been discovered as an intracellular link between the two major quorum sensing systems of P. aeruginosa; the las and rhl systems. These systems together control expression of virulence factors and play a major role in the formation of biofilms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacteria and opportunistic human pathogen that can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in humans. Similar to other bacterial species, P. aeruginosa uses quorum sensing (QS) systems to communicate between cells in a population. This allows coordination of gene expression in a population based on changing cell densities, abundance of nutrients, and other environmental factors.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Katharina Ribbeck, PhD | MIT Department of Biological Engineering". be.mit.edu. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "The science of slime". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  3. 1 2 "WATCH: Why mucus is the 'unsung hero' of the human body". STAT. 2018-01-17. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
  4. ↑ "Mucus Is Beneficial In The Fight Against Bacteria". Medical News Today. 9 November 2012. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
  5. ↑ Walter, Kenny (2017-04-27). "Synthetic Mucus Helps Fight Antibiotic Resistance". Research & Development. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
  6. ↑ Trafton, Anne. "The science of slime". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2019-03-22.
  7. ↑ "Test of cervical mucus may reveal pregnant women's risk of going into labor too early". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Exploring the many roles of mucus". MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  9. ↑ "Universität Heidelberg". www.uni-heidelberg.de. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  10. ↑ Lieleg, Oliver; Vladescu, Ioana; Ribbeck, Katharina (2010-05-19). "Characterization of particle translocation through mucin hydrogels". Biophysical Journal. 98 (9): 1782–1789. Bibcode:2010BpJ....98.1782L. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2010.01.012. ISSN   1542-0086. PMC   2862156 . PMID   20441741.
  11. ↑ "The tenured engineers of 2017". MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  12. ↑ Ribbeck, K.; Kutay, U.; Paraskeva, E.; Görlich, D. (1999-01-14). "The translocation of transportin-cargo complexes through nuclear pores is independent of both Ran and energy". Current Biology. 9 (1): 47–50. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80046-3. hdl: 11858/00-001M-0000-002D-1CB6-0 . ISSN   0960-9822. PMID   9889126. S2CID   15414916.
  13. ↑ Ribbeck, Katharina; Görlich, Dirk (2002-06-03). "The permeability barrier of nuclear pore complexes appears to operate via hydrophobic exclusion". The EMBO Journal. 21 (11): 2664–2671. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.11.2664. ISSN   0261-4189. PMC   126029 . PMID   12032079.
  14. ↑ Marte, Barbara (June 2001). "Passage through the nuclear pore". Nature Cell Biology. 3 (6): E135. doi: 10.1038/35078596 . ISSN   1476-4679. PMID   11389450. S2CID   34734320.
  15. 1 2 3 Ribbeck, Katharina; Görlich, Dirk (2001-03-15). "Kinetic analysis of translocation through nuclear pore complexes". The EMBO Journal. 20 (6): 1320–1330. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.6.1320. ISSN   0261-4189. PMC   145537 . PMID   11250898.
  16. ↑ Ribbeck, Katharina; Groen, Aaron C.; Santarella, Rachel; Bohnsack, Markus T.; Raemaekers, Tim; Köcher, Thomas; Gentzel, Marc; Görlich, Dirk; Wilm, Matthias; Carmeliet, Geert; Mitchison, Timothy J.; Ellenberg, Jan; Hoenger, Andreas; Mattaj, Iain W. (2006-06-01). "NuSAP, a Mitotic RanGTP Target That Stabilizes and Cross-links Microtubules". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 17 (6): 2646–2660. doi:10.1091/mbc.e05-12-1178. ISSN   1059-1524. PMC   1474800 . PMID   16571672.
  17. ↑ Raemaekers, Tim; Ribbeck, Katharina; Beaudouin, Joël; Annaert, Wim; Van Camp, Mark; Stockmans, Ingrid; Smets, Nico; Bouillon, Roger; Ellenberg, Jan; Carmeliet, Geert (September 8, 2003). "NuSAP, a novel microtubule-associated protein involved in mitotic spindle organization". Journal of Cell Biology. 162 (6): 1017–1029. doi:10.1083/jcb.200302129. PMC   2172854 . PMID   12963707 . Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  18. 1 2 Li, Leon D.; Crouzier, Thomas; Sarkar, Aniruddh; Dunphy, Laura; Han, Jongyoon; Ribbeck, Katharina (2013-09-17). "Spatial configuration and composition of charge modulates transport into a mucin hydrogel barrier". Biophysical Journal. 105 (6): 1357–1365. Bibcode:2013BpJ...105.1357L. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.07.050. ISSN   1542-0086. PMC   3785869 . PMID   24047986.
  19. ↑ Samad, Tahoura; Witten, Jacob; Grodzinsky, Alan J.; Ribbeck, Katharina (2022-01-18). "Spatial configuration of charge and hydrophobicity tune particle transport through mucus". Biophysical Journal. 121 (2): 277–287. Bibcode:2022BpJ...121..277S. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2021.12.018. ISSN   1542-0086. PMC   8790233 . PMID   34951982.
  20. 1 2 "Molecules found in mucus can thwart fungal infection". MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  21. ↑ "Not as Gross as It Sounds: Predicting How Bacteria in Mucus Affect Human Health". UVA Today. 2020-07-07. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  22. 1 2 Wheeler, Kelsey M.; Cárcamo-Oyarce, Gerardo; Turner, Bradley S.; Dellos-Nolan, Sheri; Co, Julia Y.; Lehoux, Sylvain; Cummings, Richard D.; Wozniak, Daniel J.; Ribbeck, Katharina (December 2019). "Mucin glycans attenuate the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in infection". Nature Microbiology. 4 (12): 2146–2154. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0581-8. ISSN   2058-5276. PMC   7157942 . PMID   31611643.
  23. 1 2 Wang, Benjamin X.; Wheeler, Kelsey M.; Cady, Kyle C.; Lehoux, Sylvain; Cummings, Richard D.; Laub, Michael T.; Ribbeck, Katharina (2021-01-11). "Mucin Glycans Signal through the Sensor Kinase RetS to Inhibit Virulence-Associated Traits in Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Current Biology. 31 (1): 90–102.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.088. ISSN   0960-9822. PMC   8759707 . PMID   33125866.
  24. 1 2 3 Takagi, Julie; Aoki, Kazuhiro; Turner, Bradley S.; Lamont, Sabrina; Lehoux, Sylvain; Kavanaugh, Nicole; Gulati, Megha; Valle Arevalo, Ashley; Lawrence, Travis J.; Kim, Colin Y.; Bakshi, Bhavya; Ishihara, Mayumi; Nobile, Clarissa J.; Cummings, Richard D.; Wozniak, Daniel J. (July 2022). "Mucin O-glycans are natural inhibitors of Candida albicans pathogenicity". Nature Chemical Biology. 18 (7): 762–773. doi:10.1038/s41589-022-01035-1. ISSN   1552-4469. PMC   7613833 . PMID   35668191.
  25. 1 2 "Synthetic Mucus Can Mimic the Real Thing". The MIT Campaign for a Better World. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  26. ↑ Werlang, Caroline A.; Chen, Wesley G.; Aoki, Kazuhiro; Wheeler, Kelsey M.; Tymm, Carly; Mileti, Cassidy J.; Burgos, Ana C.; Kim, Kris; Tiemeyer, Michael; Ribbeck, Katharina (May 2021). "Mucin O-glycans suppress quorum-sensing pathways and genetic transformation in Streptococcus mutans". Nature Microbiology. 6 (5): 574–583. doi:10.1038/s41564-021-00876-1. ISSN   2058-5276. PMC   8811953 . PMID   33737747.
  27. 1 2 Kwon, Diana. "Mucus: The Body's Unsung Hero". Scientific American. Retrieved 2019-07-04.
  28. 1 2 "Study reveals how mucus tames microbes". MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  29. ↑ Kavanaugh, Nicole L.; Zhang, Angela Q.; Nobile, Clarissa J.; Johnson, Alexander D.; Ribbeck, Katharina (2014-11-11). "Mucins suppress virulence traits of Candida albicans". mBio. 5 (6): e01911. doi:10.1128/mBio.01911-14. ISSN   2150-7511. PMC   4235211 . PMID   25389175.
  30. 1 2 Chen, Maggie. "How the Sugars In Spit Tame the Body's Unruly Fungi". Wired. ISSN   1059-1028 . Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  31. ↑ Critchfield, Agatha S.; Yao, Grace; Jaishankar, Aditya; Friedlander, Ronn S.; Lieleg, Oliver; Doyle, Patrick S.; McKinley, Gareth; House, Michael; Ribbeck, Katharina (2013). "Cervical mucus properties stratify risk for preterm birth". PLOS ONE. 8 (8): e69528. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...869528C. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069528 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   3731331 . PMID   23936335.
  32. ↑ Smith-Dupont, K. B.; Wagner, C. E.; Witten, J.; Conroy, K.; Rudoltz, H.; Pagidas, K.; Snegovskikh, V.; House, M.; Ribbeck, K. (2017-09-04). "Probing the potential of mucus permeability to signify preterm birth risk". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 10302. Bibcode:2017NatSR...710302S. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08057-z. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   5583328 . PMID   28871085.
  33. ↑ "A Slippery Viral Defense". MIT Spectrum. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  34. ↑ Witten, Jacob; Ribbeck, Katharina (2017-06-22). "The particle in the spider's web: transport through biological hydrogels". Nanoscale. 9 (24): 8080–8095. doi:10.1039/c6nr09736g. ISSN   2040-3372. PMC   5841163 . PMID   28580973.
  35. ↑ Chen, Wesley G.; Witten, Jacob; Grindy, Scott C.; Holten-Andersen, Niels; Ribbeck, Katharina (2017-11-07). "Charge Influences Substrate Recognition and Self-Assembly of Hydrophobic FG Sequences". Biophysical Journal. 113 (9): 2088–2099. Bibcode:2017BpJ...113.2088C. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.058. ISSN   1542-0086. PMC   5685782 . PMID   29117531.
  36. ↑ Wagner, C. E.; Wheeler, K. M.; Ribbeck, K. (2018). "Mucins and Their Role in Shaping the Functions of Mucus Barriers". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 34: 189–215. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062818 . ISSN   1530-8995. PMID   30296390. S2CID   52941033.
  37. ↑ Billings, Nicole; Millan, MariaRamirez; Caldara, Marina; Rusconi, Roberto; Tarasova, Yekaterina; Stocker, Roman; Ribbeck, Katharina (2013). "The extracellular matrix Component Psl provides fast-acting antibiotic defense in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms". PLOS Pathogens. 9 (8): e1003526. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003526 . ISSN   1553-7374. PMC   3738486 . PMID   23950711.
  38. ↑ Werlang, Caroline; Cárcarmo-Oyarce, Gerardo; Ribbeck, Katharina (February 2019). "Engineering mucus to study and influence the microbiome". Nature Reviews Materials. 4 (2): 134–145. Bibcode:2019NatRM...4..134W. doi:10.1038/s41578-018-0079-7. ISSN   2058-8437. S2CID   92604550.
  39. ↑ Wagner, C.E.; Wheeler, K.M.; Ribbeck, K. (2018-10-06). "Mucins and Their Role in Shaping the Functions of Mucus Barriers". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 34 (1): 189–215. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062818 . ISSN   1081-0706. PMID   30296390. S2CID   52941033.
  40. ↑ Kruger, Austin G.; Brucks, Spencer D.; Yan, Tao; Cárcarmo-Oyarce, Gerardo; Wei, Yuan; Wen, Deborah H.; Carvalho, Dayanne R.; Hore, Michael J. A.; Ribbeck, Katharina; Schrock, Richard R.; Kiessling, Laura L. (2021-04-28). "Stereochemical Control Yields Mucin Mimetic Polymers". ACS Central Science. 7 (4): 624–630. doi:10.1021/acscentsci.0c01569. ISSN   2374-7943. PMC   8155468 . PMID   34056092.
  41. ↑ Lieleg, Oliver; Lieleg, Corinna; Bloom, Jesse; Buck, Christopher B.; Ribbeck, Katharina (2012-06-11). "Mucin biopolymers as broad-spectrum antiviral agents". Biomacromolecules. 13 (6): 1724–1732. doi:10.1021/bm3001292. ISSN   1526-4602. PMC   3597216 . PMID   22475261.
  42. ↑ How mucus keeps us healthy - Katharina Ribbeck , retrieved 2022-10-06
  43. ↑ "Mucus: It's Snot What You Think". Science Friday. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  44. ↑ "Aus der Stiftung Universität Heidelberg - Universität Heidelberg". www.uni-heidelberg.de. Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  45. ↑ "Merck Presents 2007 Awards for Genome-Related Research". Harvard University - Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology. 2007-04-30. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
  46. ↑ "Alumni Awards - The John Kendrew Award - EMBL". www.embl.de. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
  47. ↑ "The Brilliant Ten of 2014". Popular Science. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
  48. ↑ "NSF Award Search: Award#1454673 - Career: Selective Transport in Biological Hydrogels – From Design Principles to Mechanisms". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2019-03-22.
  49. ↑ "MIT School of Engineering | » Teaching Awards". Mit Engineering. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
  50. ↑ "Harold E. Edgerton Faculty Achievement Award". MIT Institutional Research. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
  51. ↑ "Bose grants for 2018 fund research at the frontier of discovery". MIT News. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.