Vocabulary development is a process by which people acquire words. Babbling shifts towards meaningful speech as infants grow and produce their first words around the age of one year. In early word learning,infants build their vocabulary slowly. By the age of 18 months,infants can typically produce about 50 words and begin to make word combinations.
Sandra Wood Scarr was an American psychologist and writer. She was the first female full professor in psychology in the history of Yale University. She established core resources for the study of development,including the Minnesota Transracial Adoption Study and the Minnesota Adolescent Adoption Study. She served as president of multiple societies including the Association for Psychological Science and was honored with multiple awards including the James McKeen Cattell Fellow Award. She was also active in the development of commercial childcare. Her work with twins in the 1960s revealed strong genetic influences on intellectual development. One of her key findings was that this differed with race and socioeconomic status (SES),with poor and non-white children showing less genetic influence on their IQ and more environmental influence. She demonstrated a successful intervention in premature infants,showing that stimulation improved their health and developmental outcomes.
Mary Dinsmore Ainsworth was an American-Canadian developmental psychologist known for her work in the development of the attachment theory. She designed the strange situation procedure to observe early emotional attachment between a child and their primary caregiver.
Nora S. Newcombe is the Laura H. Carnell Professor of Psychology and the James H. Glackin Distinguished Faculty Fellow at Temple University. She is a Canadian-American researcher in cognitive development,cognitive psychology and cognitive science,and expert on the development of spatial thinking and reasoning and episodic memory. She was the principal investigator of the Spatial Intelligence and Learning Center (2006-2018),one of six Science of Learning Centers funded by the National Science Foundation.
Learning through play is a term used in education and psychology to describe how a child can learn to make sense of the world around them. Through play children can develop social and cognitive skills,mature emotionally,and gain the self-confidence required to engage in new experiences and environments.
Michael E. Lamb is a professor and former Head of the then Department of Social and Developmental Psychology at the University of Cambridge,known for his influential work in developmental psychology,child and family policy,social welfare,and law. His work has focused on divorce,child custody,child maltreatment,child testimony,and the effects of childcare on children's social and emotional development. His work in family relationships has focused on the role of both mothers and fathers and the importance of their relationships with children. Lamb's expertise has influenced legal decisions addressing same-sex parenting,advocating for fostering and adoption by adults regardless of their marital status or sexual orientations. Lamb has published approximately 700 articles,many about child adjustment,currently edits the APA journal Psychology,Public Policy,and Law,and serves on the editorial boards on several academic journals.
Panyaden International School is an international school for both preschool primary and secondary children south of Chiang Mai. The school was founded to deliver a holistic education that integrates Buddhist principles and green awareness with the International Primary Curriculum (IPC).
Mutual exclusivity is a word learning constraint that involves the tendency to assign one label/name,and in turn avoid assigning a second label,to a single object. Mutual exclusivity is often discussed as one of three main lexical constraints,or word learning biases,that are believed to play major roles in word learning,the other two being the whole-object and taxonomic constraints. This assumption is typically first seen in the early stages of word learning by toddlers,but it is not limited to young childhood. Mutual exclusivity is often discussed by domain-specific accounts of language as limiting children's hypotheses about the possible meanings of words. It is generally accepted that mutual exclusivity alone cannot account for the complexity of word learning but is instead “more like heuristics in problem-solving."
Roberta Michnick Golinkoff holds the Unidel H. Rodney Sharp Chair in the School of Education at the University of Delaware and is also a member of the Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Linguistics and Cognitive Science.
K. Alison Clarke-Stewart was a developmental psychologist and expert on children's social development. She is well known for her work on the effects of child care on children's development,and for her research on children's suggestibility. She has written over 100 articles for scholarly journals and co-authored several leading textbooks in the field.
Kimberly Wright Cassidy was named the ninth president of Bryn Mawr College on February 12,2014 and was formally inaugurated on September 20,2014. She had served as interim president since Jane Dammen McAuliffe ended her term as president on June 30,2013.
Aletha C. Huston is an American developmental psychologist and professor known for her research on the effects of poverty on children,on how child care and income support policies impact children's development,and for ground-breaking research on the impact of television and media usage on child development. Huston is the Priscilla Pond Flawn Regents Professor Emeritus in Child Development at the University of Texas at Austin.
Jay Belsky is an American child psychologist and the Robert M. and Natalie Reid Dorn Professor of Human Development at the University of California,Davis. He is noted for his research in the fields of child development and family studies. He was a founding investigator of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development in the United States,and of the National Evaluation of Sure Start in the United Kingdom. He has been an ISI Highly Cited Researcher since 2002.
Marjorie Knickerbocker Pyles Honzik was a developmental psychologist known for her longitudinal research on children's mental abilities,behavioral problems,and health outcomes.
Rachel Keen is a developmental psychologist known for her research on infant cognitive development,auditory development,and motor control. She is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Virginia.
Cas Holman is an American toy designer. She is known for designing toys that emphasize creativity through unstructured play.
Margaret R. Burchinal is a quantitative psychologist and statistician known for her research on child care. She is senior research scientist and director of the Data Management and Analysis Center of the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Frances Degen Horowitz was an American developmental psychologist who served as President of the Graduate Center,City University of New York from 1991 to 2005. She was instrumental in raising the stature of the institution and moving it to its current location in the B. Altman and Company Building on Fifth Avenue of New York City.
Deborah Lowe Vandell is a developmental psychologist and an expert on the impact of early child care on children's developmental trajectories and the benefits of children's participation in afterschool programs and other organized activities. She is the Founding Dean of the University of California,Irvine School of Education and Chancellor Professor of Education and Psychology.
Mark T. Greenberg is the emeritus holder of The Bennett Endowed Chair in Prevention Research in the Penn State College of Health and Human Development,and founding director of the Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center at the Pennsylvania State University. He is the chair of CREATE for Education,a non-profit organization that promotes caring and compassion in education.
