Kaviraj (or Rajkavi, Kaviraja) is a title of honor, which was given to poets and litterateurs attached to royal courts in medieval India. [1] [2] Eminent Charans who were inducted into the royal courts due to their literary merit as royal poets and historians were given the rank of Kaviraja (King of Poets). Such Charans assumed positions of great influence in the medieval polity. [3] [4] [5] Few well known people are Kaviraja Shyamaldas, Kaviraja Bankidas, etc. [6] The descendants of such persons also started using the surname, Kaviraj.
The surname is usually found in people of Gujarat, Rajasthan, etc. One of the community where this surname is often found is Charan, who were the State poets & historians in the Rajput kingdoms of these regions.
Rajput, also called Thakur, is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent. The term Rajput covers various patrilineal clans historically associated with warriorhood: several clans claim Rajput status, although not all claims are universally accepted. According to modern scholars, almost all Rajput clans originated from peasant or pastoral communities.
The Rathore or Rathor is an Indian Rajput dynasty belonging to the clan that has historically ruled over parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
Bappa Rawal was a king of the Mewar kingdom in Rajasthan, India. The bardic chronicles describe him as a member of the Guhila Rajput Clan, and some of them consider him to be the founder of the Guhila dynasty. He is credited with repelling the Arab invasion of India. Different historians have identified him with various rulers of the Guhila dynasty, including Kalabhoja, Shiladitya, and Khumana.
The Battle of Haldighati was a battle fought on 18 June 1576 between the Mewar forces led by Maharana Pratap, and the Mughal forces led by Man Singh I of Amber. The Mughals carried the day after inflicting significant casualties on Mewar forces, although they failed to capture Pratap, who reluctantly retreated persuaded by his fellow commanders.
Dingal, also known as Old Western Rajasthani, is an ancient Indian language written in Nagri script and having literature in prose as well as poetry. It is a language of very high tone and requires a specific style of speaking. Dingal was used in Rajasthan and adjoining areas including Gujarat, Kutch, Malwa, and Sindh. Most of Dingal literature is said to be composed by Charans. It was prominently used in composition of war poetry praising the martial exploits of Rajput and Charan war heroes.
Udai Singh II was the Maharana of Mewar and the founder of the city of Udaipur in the present-day Rajasthan state of India. He was the 12th ruler of the Kingdom of Mewar. He was the fourth son of Rana Sanga and Rani Karnavati, a princess of Bundi.
Charan is a caste in South Asia natively residing in the Rajasthan and Gujarat states of India, as well as the Sindh and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan. Historically, Charans have been engaged in diverse occupations like bards, poets, historians, pastoralists, agriculturalists and also administrators, jagirdars and warriors and some even as traders.
Rajasthani people or Rajasthanis are a group of Indo-Aryan peoples native to Rajasthan, a state in Northern India. Their language, Rajasthani, is a part of the western group of Indo-Aryan languages.
KavirajaBankidas Ashiya (1771–1833) was a Rajasthani poet and scholar. He was born in a Charan family of Ashiya lineage in the Indian state of Rajasthan.
Dursa Arha was a 16th-century warrior and Rajasthani(Dingal) poet from India. He earned the epithet of the 'First Nationalist Poet Of India' or Rashtrakavi because of his nationalist stance in his bold Dingal poems commending Maharana Pratap of Mewar in his struggle against the Mughal Empire. He is one of the most highly regarded poets of the time, who was also a valuable and respectable part of the Mughal court. He was a renowned litterateur, historian, war general, consultant, administrator, feudal lord, and magistrate. He had close relations with the rulers of many erstwhile kingdoms. On the basis of wealth, fame, and honor Dursa Arha acquired in his lifetime and his contribution to medieval Indian history and literature, the historians and litterateurs consider him as one of the greatest poets. Dursa Arha attained heights of opulence and grandeur reached by no other poet in history.
Thakur Kesari Singh Barhath was an Indian revolutionary leader, freedom fighter, and educator from the state of Rajasthan. He was the patriarch of the Barhath family, members of which participated in anti-British activities Barhath was also known as Rajasthan Kesari.
MahamahopadhayayaKaviraja Shyamaldas Dadhivadia (1836-1893), popularly referred to as Kaviraja was one of the early writers involved in documenting the history and culture of the Rajasthan region of India.
Maharana Pratap: The First Freedom Fighter is an Indian epic film based on Maharana Pratap of Mewar .The film is directed and produced by Dr. Pradeep Kumawat from Udaipur, Rajasthan. It is the first time that a film has been made on the history of Maharana Pratap. The film's sound track includes one of the last songs sung by Late Jagjit Singh.
Khyat is a form of bardic historical prose that was prevalent in the western Indian states of Rajasthan and Gujarat. It is a collection of events or continuous history. Khyats generally contained histories of a ruling dynasty or a person. In the former states that now constitute Rajasthan, Khyatas were written by the Charans under the patronage of rulers who wished to perpetuate their exploits. These accounts contained histories of battles, sacrifices, valour, and chivalry, values that came to be associated with Rajputs. Khyatas are often known by the name of their authors; e.g., Bankidās-ri-Khyāt. Nainsi-ri-Khyat written by Nainsi is considered to be the most prominent of khyats.
Barhath is an honorific title of the Charans. The title was given to prominent Charans who occupied significant positions in the royal courts in medieval India. It is used as a surname by Charans of Rohadia clan as well as other clans such as Sauda.
Ratnu, also spelt as Ratanu or Ratnoo, is a major clan of the Charanas in Rajasthan.
MahamahopadhyayaKaviraja MuraridanAshiya served as the Dewan of Marwar during the reign of Jaswant Singh II (1873–1895). Kaviraja is remembered as an astute politician and a farsighted administrator, who made significant contributions to the history of Marwar. He was a Tazimi sardar (noble) and a renowned scholar, known for his prominent works including Yaśavaṃta-Yaśo-Bhūṣaṇa and Tawarikh Marwar.
Rathore is a Rajput clan. Some historians link their origin to the Rashtrakuta dynasty.
Charans came to be instructed not only in oral recitation and memorisation but also in such subjects as religion and astrology, at times being accepted into royal courts with the titles of Kaviraja or Barhat ('Guardian of the Gate').
A few of the most prestigious Caranas were also accepted in the royal darbars ("courts"), attaining the rank of Kaviraja or "court-laureate" and assuming positions of great influence because of the power of their words.
Kaviraj Shyamaldas, later author of the well-known history of Mewar called the Vir Vinod, was appointed to look after this library. It was during Maharana Sajjan Singh's reign that Shyamaldas wrote the major part of his now-renowned history of Mewar. The title of 'Kaviraj', or 'King of Poets', was bestowed on Shyamaldas for his skills.