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Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each,taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays,with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding team,called the pitcher,throws a ball that a player on the batting team,called the batter,tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team is to hit the ball into the field of play,away from the other team's players,allowing its players to run the bases,having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called "runs". The objective of the defensive team is to prevent batters from becoming runners,and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate.
The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is a history museum and hall of fame in Cooperstown,New York,operated by private interests. It serves as the central point of the history of baseball in the United States and displays baseball-related artifacts and exhibits,honoring those who have excelled in playing,managing,and serving the sport. The Hall's motto is "Preserving History,Honoring Excellence,Connecting Generations". Cooperstown is often used as shorthand for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.
Jack Roosevelt Robinson was an American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era. Robinson broke the color line when he started at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15,1947. The Dodgers signing Robinson heralded the end of racial segregation in professional baseball that had relegated black players to the Negro leagues since the 1880s. Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962.
Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball league and the highest level of organized baseball in the United States and Canada. One of the big four major leagues,MLB comprises 30 teams,divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL),with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. Formed in 1876 and 1901,respectively,the NL and AL cemented their cooperation with the National Agreement in 1903,making MLB the oldest major professional sports league in the world. They remained legally separate entities until 2000,when they merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball. MLB is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan.
The Negro leagues were United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams of African Americans. The term may be used broadly to include professional black teams outside the leagues and it may be used narrowly for the seven relatively successful leagues beginning in 1920 that are sometimes termed "Negro Major Leagues".
Carl Michael Yastrzemski Sr.,nicknamed "Yaz",is an American former professional baseball player who played his entire career with the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He started his career primarily as a left fielder,but also played 33 games as a third baseman. Later in his career,he was mainly a first baseman and designated hitter.
Nippon Professional Baseball or NPB is the highest level of baseball in Japan. Locally,it is often called Puro Yakyū (プロ野球),meaning simply Professional Baseball;outside of Japan,NPB is often referred to as "Japanese baseball."
The Black Sox Scandal was a Major League Baseball game-fixing scandal in which eight members of the Chicago White Sox were accused of losing the 1919 World Series against the Cincinnati Reds on purpose in exchange for money from a gambling syndicate led by organized crime figure Arnold Rothstein. In response,the National Baseball Commission was dissolved and Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis was appointed to be the first Commissioner of Baseball,given absolute control over the sport to restore its integrity.
The designated hitter (DH) is a baseball player who bats in place of another position player,most commonly the pitcher.
An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball,farthest from the batter. These defenders are the left fielder,the center fielder,and the right fielder. As an outfielder,their duty is to catch fly balls and ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances,if there are any runners on the bases. As an outfielder,they normally play behind the six players located in the field. By convention,each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered. The outfield positions are 7,8 and 9. These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms.
Edward Trowbridge Collins Sr.,nicknamed "Cocky",was an American professional baseball player,manager and executive. He played as a second baseman in Major League Baseball from 1906 to 1930 for the Philadelphia Athletics and Chicago White Sox. A graduate of Columbia University,Collins holds major league career records in several categories and is among the top few players in several other categories. In 1925,Collins became just the sixth person to join the 3,000 hit club –and the last for the next 17 seasons. His 47 career home runs are the fewest of anyone in it. Collins is the only non-Yankee to win five or more World Series titles with the same club as a player. He is also the only player to have been a member of all five World Series championships won by the Athletics during the franchise's time in Philadelphia.
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) was a professional women's baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley,which existed from 1943 to 1954. The AAGPBL is the forerunner of women's professional league sports in the United States. Over 600 women played in the league,which eventually consisted of 10 teams located in the American Midwest. In 1948,league attendance peaked at over 900,000 spectators. The most successful team,the Rockford Peaches,won a league-best four championships.
Professional baseball is organized baseball in which players are selected for their talents and are paid to play for a specific team or club system. It is played in leagues and associated farm teams throughout the world.
College baseball is baseball that is played on the intercollegiate level at institutions of higher education. In the United States,college baseball is sanctioned mainly by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA);in Japan,it is governed by the All Japan University Baseball Federation (JUBF).
Baseball was popularized in Cuba by Nemesio Guillot,who founded the first major baseball club in the country. It became the most played sport in the country in the 1870s,before the period of American intervention.
Triple-A has been the highest level of play in Minor League Baseball in the United States since 1946. Currently,two leagues operate at the Triple-A level,the International League (IL) and the Pacific Coast League (PCL). There are 30 teams,one per each Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise,with 20 in the IL and 10 in the PCL. Triple-A teams are generally located in smaller cities as well as larger metropolitan areas without MLB teams,such as Austin,Jacksonville,Columbus,and Indianapolis. Four Triple-A teams play in the same metro areas as their parent clubs.
The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central Division. Since the 2006 season,the Cardinals have played their home games at Busch Stadium in downtown St. Louis. One of the nation's oldest and most successful professional baseball clubs,the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships,the most of any NL team and second in MLB only to the New York Yankees. The team has won 19 National League pennants,third-most of any team behind the Yankees and Los Angeles Dodgers. St. Louis has also won 15 division titles in the East and Central divisions.
Shohei Ohtani is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher and designated hitter for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Nicknamed "Shotime",he has previously played in MLB for the Los Angeles Angels and the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Because of his elite contributions both as a hitter and as a pitcher,a rarity for two-way players,Ohtani's peak is widely considered among the greatest in baseball history,with some comparing it favorably to the early career of Babe Ruth.
Minor League Baseball (MiLB) is a professional baseball organization below Major League Baseball (MLB),including teams affiliated with MLB clubs.
References
- Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference
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