Kent Worcester (born 1959) is an American political scientist, historian, comics critic, and songwriter. His work deals with popular culture, intellectual history, trade unions, and social democracy. He has written extensively on comics and graphic novels and wrote a biography of C. L. R. James, the West Indian intellectual, among many other publications.
Worcester received his B.A. in economics and political science from the University of Massachusetts Boston and his M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D. in political science from Columbia University. From 1990 to 2000, Worcester was a program director at the Social Science Research Council, a nonprofit organization that promotes interdisciplinary research in the social sciences. He is currently a professor of political science at Marymount Manhattan College.
Worcester is an important contributor to the growing body of critical literature on comics and graphic novels. His writings place particular emphasis on their social and political impact and subtext. Worcester has been contributing to The Comics Journal (print and web versions) since 1993, and was a blogger for tcj.com from 2008-2010. He coedited A Comics Studies Reader (2008) with Jeet Heer. The book received the Peter C. Rollins Book Award in 2009 for its contribution to popular culture and American studies. [1] Worcester, Heer, and Charles Hatfield co-edited The Superhero Reader (2013), which was nominated for an Eisner Award for Best Academic/Scholarly Work in 2014. [2]
Worcester is the author of C.L.R. James: A Political Biography (1996), which was part of a resurgence of scholarly interest in the life and work of the Caribbean writer, socialist, and anticolonial activist. [3]
Other works by Kent Worcester include studies of trade union responses to neoliberal economic restructuring from the 1970s to the 1990s in Britain, the United States, and Europe. [4] He wrote a history of the Social Science Research Council, which was commissioned by then President Kenneth Prewitt for the organization’s 75th anniversary in 2001. [5] Worcester edited a collection of essays for the American Political Science Association, Navigating Political Science (2018), which deals with professional concerns in the field and with theoretical and methodological questions. [6]
In the 1980s Worcester was a songwriter, singer, and rhythm guitarist for the satirical rock band The Dog’s Breakfast. [7] He wrote "Changes", "Father Song", "New York", and "Paul is Dead" for the group's album Beautiful Banality. [8] He contributed several songs to recordings by guitarist and songwriter Matt Backer: "Landlocked" for the album Is That All? (2001); "The Impulse Man", "Oh No Don't Cry", and "Once in a While" for the album The Impulse Man (2006); and "Assiduous Polygamy" and "I'm No Fool" for the album Idle Hands (2012). [9] In 2019 he released a self-produced EP, That’s Why I Surf; and another in 2021, A Million Candles, both on Bandcamp. [10] In 2020 the independent music website Divide & Conquer interviewed Worcester about his music, his work with Backer and The Dog's Breakfast, and the connections between comics and popular music. [11] In a 2022 review of Worcester’s most recent release, “Soviet America,” Jamie Funk described Worcester’s entire Bandcamp output as “pure and genuine.” [12]
Comics is a medium used to express ideas with images, often combined with text or other visual information. It typically takes the form of a sequence of panels of images. Textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia can indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. There is no consensus among theorists and historians on a definition of comics; some emphasize the combination of images and text, some sequentiality or other image relations, and others historical aspects such as mass reproduction or the use of recurring characters. Cartooning and other forms of illustration are the most common image-making means in comics; Photo comics is a form that uses photographic images. Common forms include comic strips, editorial and gag cartoons, and comic books. Since the late 20th century, bound volumes such as graphic novels, comic albums, and tankōbon have become increasingly common, along with webcomics as well as scientific/medical comics.
Itzhak Avraham ben Zeev Spiegelman, professionally known as Art Spiegelman, is an American cartoonist, editor, and comics advocate best known for his graphic novel Maus. His work as co-editor on the comics magazines Arcade and Raw has been influential, and from 1992 he spent a decade as contributing artist for The New Yorker. He is married to designer and editor Françoise Mouly and is the father of writer Nadja Spiegelman. In September 2022, the National Book Foundation announced that he would receive the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters.
Peter Bagge is an American cartoonist whose best-known work includes the comics Neat Stuff and Hate. His stories often use black humor and exaggerated cartooning to dramatize the reduced expectations of middle-class American youth. He won two Harvey Awards in 1991, one for best cartoonist and one for his work on Hate. In recent decades Bagge has done more fact-based comics, everything from biographies to history to comics journalism. Publishers of Bagge's articles, illustrations, and comics include suck.com, MAD Magazine, toonlet, Discover, and the Weekly World News, with the comic strip Adventures of Batboy. He has expressed his libertarian views in features for Reason.
Comics and Sequential Art is a book by American cartoonist Will Eisner that analyzes the comics medium, published in 1985 and revised in 1990. It is based on a series of essays that appeared in The Spirit magazine, themselves based on Eisner's experience teaching a course on comics at the School of Visual Arts. It is not presented as a teaching guide, however, but as a series of demonstrations of principles and methods. A 1990 expanded edition of the book includes short sections on the print process and the use of computers in comics. Eisner followed with a companion volume, Graphic Storytelling and Visual Narrative, in 1996.
Weirdo was a magazine-sized comics anthology created by Robert Crumb and published by Last Gasp from 1981 to 1993. Featuring cartoonists both new and old, Weirdo served as a "low art" counterpoint to its contemporary highbrow Raw, co-edited by Art Spiegelman.
Peter Kuper is an American alternative comics artist and illustrator, best known for his autobiographical, political, and social observations.
The Social Science Research Council (SSRC) is a US-based, independent, international nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing research in the social sciences and related disciplines. Established in Manhattan in 1923, it maintains a headquarters in Brooklyn Heights with a staff of approximately 70, and small regional offices in other parts of the world.
Martin Glaberman was an American Marxist writer on labor, historian, academic, and autoworker.
Françoise Mouly is a French-born American designer, editor and publisher. She is best known as co-founder, co-editor, and publisher of the comics and graphics magazine Raw (1980–1991), as the publisher of Raw Books and Toon Books, and since 1993 as the art editor of The New Yorker. Mouly is married to cartoonist Art Spiegelman, and is the mother of writer Nadja Spiegelman.
In entertainment, an origin story is an account or backstory revealing how a character or group of people become a protagonist or antagonist.
Rutgers University Press (RUP) is a nonprofit academic publishing house, operating in New Brunswick, New Jersey under the auspices of Rutgers University.
Masking is a visual style used in comics, first described by American cartoonist Scott McCloud in his book Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. McCloud argues that characters with simple but recognizable designs, which he terms "iconic" characters, allow readers to project themselves into the story by using the characters as a "mask". He further argues that the juxtaposition of iconic characters with detailed backgrounds, characters, or objects can create meaning and strengthen or weaken readers' emotional and psychological connection to certain elements of the graphic narrative.
Comics studies is an academic field that focuses on comics and sequential art. Although comics and graphic novels have been generally dismissed as less relevant pop culture texts, scholars in fields such as semiotics, aesthetics, sociology, composition studies and cultural studies are now re-considering comics and graphic novels as complex texts deserving of serious scholarly study.
Thierry Groensteen is one of the leading French-speaking comics researchers and theorists, whose work has found influence beyond that field.
The history of American comics began in the 19th century in mass print media, in the era of sensationalist journalism, where newspaper comics served as further entertainment for mass readership. In the 20th century, comics became an autonomous art medium and an integral part of American culture.
Olga Mesmer is a superpowered fictional character in a pulp magazine's comic strip published from 1937 to 1938. Like the newspaper comic-strip character Popeye (1929) and novelist Philip Wylie's protagonist Hugo Danner (1930), she is among the precursors of the archetypal comic-book superhero, Superman.
Jeet Heer is an Indian-Canadian author, comics critic, literary critic and journalist. He is a national affairs correspondent for The Nation magazine and a former staff writer at The New Republic. As of 2014, he was writing a doctoral thesis at York University in Toronto. The publications he has written for include The National Post, The New Yorker, The Paris Review, and Virginia Quarterly Review. Heer was a member of the 2016 jury for the Scotiabank Giller Prize. His anthology A Comic Studies Reader, with Kent Worcester, won the 2010 Rollins Award.
Upstart Associates, sometimes known as Upstart Studios, was the name of an artists' studio on West 29th Street in New York City formed in late 1978 by four comic book creators. Those artists were Howard Chaykin, Walt Simonson, Val Mayerik, and Jim Starlin. The membership of the studio changed over time, eventually adding James Sherman, Frank Miller, and Gary Hallgren as previous members left. In addition, future comics professionals Peter Kuper and Dean Haspiel worked as assistants at Upstart before they began doing professional work.
Raw Books & Graphics is an American publishing company specializing in comics and graphic novels. Operating since 1978, it is owned and operated by Françoise Mouly. The company first came to prominence publishing Raw magazine, co-edited by Mouly and her husband, cartoonist Art Spiegelman. In the 1980s the company published graphic novels, and with the formation of Raw Junior in 1999, branched into children's comics with Little Lit and Toon Books.
Tomoi is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Wakuni Akisato. It was originally serialized in two parts, respectively titled Nemureru Mori no Binan and Tomoi, in the manga magazine Petit Flower from 1985 to 1986. Set in the early 1980s in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in New York City, the series follows the life of Hisatsugu Tomoi, a gay Japanese doctor living in New York. The series is the first Japanese literary work in any medium to depict HIV/AIDS, and is noted by critics for its influence on the yaoi genre of manga.