Kerry Killinger (born June 6, 1949) is an American businessman and author. He is founder and CEO of Crescent Capital Associates, [1] and previously served as chairman and chief executive officer of Washington Mutual from 1990 until 2008. [2] [3]
He and his wife Linda co-authored the 2021 book Nothing is Too Big to Fail: How the Last Financial Crisis Informs Today. [4] The book received the Axiom Business Book Awards Bronze Medal, [5] the Nautilus Award for Journalism and Investigative Reporting Silver Medal, [6] and the IPPY award for Finance/Investments/Economics. [7]
Killinger was born in Des Moines, Iowa. He received his education at the University of Iowa, from which he received his BBA in 1970 and MBA in 1971. He began his career in the financial services industry in 1972 as an investment analyst with Bankers Life Insurance Company of Nebraska, and moved on to Murphey Favre in 1976 where he rose from a securities analyst to executive vice president and director.
Throughout his life, Killinger (with his wife Linda) has supported charitable organizations and higher education institutions in Seattle, Des Moines Iowa, and Palm Desert California. [8] Through the Kerry and Linda Killinger Foundation they are founding sponsors of Cascade Public Media's Crosscut Festival in Seattle, [9] and a Communications and Civility in our Democracy Summit at Iowa State University. [10]
Killinger previously served on the boards of the Seattle Alliance for Education, Seattle Repertory Theater, Washington Roundtable, Seattle Chamber of Commerce, Financial Services Roundtable, Seattle Federal Home Loan Bank, and Federal Reserve's Thrift Industry Advisory Council. Killinger also received the Points of Light award from President George H.W. Bush for his philanthropy. [11]
In 2021, the Killingers authored the book Nothing is Too Big to Fail: How the Last Financial Crisis Informs Today. All proceeds of the book are donated to charities engaged in criminal and social justice, government reform, civil discourse, and community building. [12]
Killinger joined Washington Mutual in 1983 when it acquired Murphey Favre. Killinger was named executive vice president, and promoted in 1986 to senior vice president, and to director in 1988. He was named president of the company that same year, CEO in 1990, and chairman in 1991. American Banker named him its 2001 Banker of the Year. During his tenure as CEO, Washington Mutual grew from 30 branches and $7 billion of assets to over 2,000 branches and $300 billion of assets.
In 2003, Killinger predicted that by 2008, Washington Mutual would not be identified as a bank serving wealthy customers, but a consumer bank serving everyday people, and they ultimately served over 11 million customers during the tenure of the bank. He said "We hope to do to this industry what Walmart did to theirs, Starbucks did to theirs, Costco did to theirs and Lowe’s-Home Depot did to their industries." [13]
In 2008, Washington Mutual faced mounting losses from the mortgage market and steep declines in stock prices as a result of the subprime mortgage crisis. The board of directors removed Killinger as CEO on September 8, 2008, replacing him with Alan H. Fishman. [14] The Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) seized Washington Mutual's banking divisions on September 25, 2008, and named the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation as their receiver in the largest bank failure in the history of the United States. [15] The FDIC incurred no losses on the seizure and sale of Washington Mutual.
While CEO of Washington Mutual in 2007, Killinger earned a total compensation of $14,364,883. [16] In 2008, he took home $25.1 million in compensation. Killinger received a $15.3 million severance payment in September 2008 "as well as a $445,200 lump-sum payment for vacation benefits and a $300,669 'special payment'". [17]
In March 2011, Killinger and two other bank officers were sued by the FDIC for "reckless lending". [18] Killinger counter-sued the FDIC and all cases were settled in 2012 with no findings of fault. [19] Investigations by the Securities and Exchange Commission and Department of Justice similarly concluded there were no findings of fault or basis to bring charges against Killinger or any executive officer of Washington Mutual. [19]
The portrayal of Killinger’s role in WaMu's downfall, told by Wall Street Journal reporter Kirsten Grind in The Lost Bank: The Story of Washington Mutual —the Biggest Bank Failure in American History [20] was challenged by Killinger in an open letter. [21]
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is a United States government corporation supplying deposit insurance to depositors in American commercial banks and savings banks. The FDIC was created by the Banking Act of 1933, enacted during the Great Depression to restore trust in the American banking system. More than one-third of banks failed in the years before the FDIC's creation, and bank runs were common. The insurance limit was initially US$2,500 per ownership category, and this has been increased several times over the years. Since the enactment of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act in 2010, the FDIC insures deposits in member banks up to $250,000 per ownership category. FDIC insurance is backed by the full faith and credit of the government of the United States, and according to the FDIC, "since its start in 1933 no depositor has ever lost a penny of FDIC-insured funds".
Washington Mutual, Inc. was an American savings bank holding company based in Seattle. It was the parent company of WaMu Bank, which was the largest savings and loan association in the United States until its collapse in 2008.
Washington Federal, Inc.,, is an American bank based in Seattle, Washington. It operates 235 branches throughout Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.
A bailout is the provision of financial help to a corporation or country which otherwise would be on the brink of bankruptcy.
The Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company was at one time the seventh-largest commercial bank in the United States as measured by deposits, with approximately $40 billion in assets. In 1984, Continental Illinois became the largest ever bank failure in U.S. history, when a run on the bank led to its seizure by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Continental Illinois retained this dubious distinction until the failure of Washington Mutual in 2008 during the financial crisis of 2008, which ended up being over seven times larger than the failure of Continental Illinois.
United Commercial Bank was an overseas Chinese bank in the United States, based in San Francisco, California. It was a subsidiary of UCBH Holdings. Founded in 1974 as United Federal Savings and Loan Association, it changed its name to United Savings Bank, and finally United Commercial Bank in 1998. It had operations and branches located in the San Francisco Bay Area, Sacramento, Stockton, Los Angeles and Orange counties, New York, Boston, Greater Seattle Area, Hong Kong, Atlanta, Houston, Shanghai and two representative branches in Taipei, Taiwan and Shenzhen, China. United Commercial Bank was closed by regulators on November 6, 2009; it was the 120th U.S. bank to fail in 2009, and it had $11.2 billion in assets at the time of the bank failure. East West Bank of Pasadena, California, acquired all the deposits of UCBH.
In finance, senior debt is debt that takes priority over other unsecured or otherwise more "junior" debt owed by an issuer. Senior debt is frequently issued in the form of senior notes or referred to as senior loans. Senior debt has greater seniority in the issuer's capital structure than subordinated debt. In the event the issuer goes bankrupt, senior debt theoretically must be repaid before other creditors receive any payment.
"Too big to fail" (TBTF) is a theory in banking and finance that asserts that certain corporations, particularly financial institutions, are so large and so interconnected that their failure would be disastrous to the greater economic system, and therefore should be supported by government when they face potential failure. The colloquial term "too big to fail" was popularized by U.S. Congressman Stewart McKinney in a 1984 Congressional hearing, discussing the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's intervention with Continental Illinois. The term had previously been used occasionally in the press, and similar thinking had motivated earlier bank bailouts.
A bank failure occurs when a bank is unable to meet its obligations to its depositors or other creditors because it has become insolvent or too illiquid to meet its liabilities. A bank usually fails economically when the market value of its assets declines to a value that is less than the market value of its liabilities. The insolvent bank either borrows from other solvent banks or sells its assets at a lower price than its market value to generate liquid money to pay its depositors on demand. The inability of the solvent banks to lend liquid money to the insolvent bank creates a bank panic among the depositors as more depositors try to take out cash deposits from the bank. As such, the bank is unable to fulfill the demands of all of its depositors on time. A bank may be taken over by the regulating government agency if its shareholders' equity are below the regulatory minimum.
Alan H. Fishman is an American businessman. He was the last CEO of Washington Mutual (WaMu) prior to federal regulators seizing its assets on September 25, 2008.
The government interventions during the subprime mortgage crisis were a response to the 2007–2009 subprime mortgage crisis and resulted in a variety of government bailouts that were implemented to stabilize the financial system during late 2007 and early 2008.
Wachovia was a diversified financial services company based in Charlotte, North Carolina. Before its acquisition by Wells Fargo and Company in 2008, Wachovia was the fourth-largest bank holding company in the United States, based on total assets. Wachovia provided a broad range of banking, asset management, wealth management, and corporate and investment banking products and services. At its height, it was one of the largest providers of financial services in the United States, operating financial centers in 21 states and Washington, D.C., with locations from Connecticut to Florida and west to California. Wachovia provided global services through more than 40 offices around the world.
Wall Street and the Financial Crisis: Anatomy of a Financial Collapse is a report on the financial crisis of 2007–2008 issued on April 13, 2011 by the United States Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. The 639-page report was issued under the chairmanship of Senators Carl Levin and Tom Coburn, and is colloquially known as the Levin-Coburn Report. After conducting "over 150 interviews and depositions, consulting with dozens of government, academic, and private sector experts" found that "the crisis was not a natural disaster, but the result of high risk, complex financial products, undisclosed conflicts of interest; and the failure of regulators, the credit rating agencies, and the market itself to rein in the excesses of Wall Street." In an interview, Senator Levin noted that "The overwhelming evidence is that those institutions deceived their clients and deceived the public, and they were aided and abetted by deferential regulators and credit ratings agencies who had conflicts of interest." By the end of their two-year investigation, the staff amassed 56 million pages of memos, documents, prospectuses and e-mails. The report, which contains 2,800 footnotes and references thousands of internal documents focused on four major areas of concern regarding the failure of the financial system: high risk mortgage lending, failure of regulators to stop such practices, inflated credit ratings, and abuses of the system by investment banks. The Report also issued several recommendations for future action regarding each of these categories.
Kirsten Grind is an American journalist and author. She is an investigative reporter for The Wall Street Journal in San Francisco, the co-author of the book Happy At Any Cost, The Revolutionary Vision and Fatal Quest of Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh, and The Lost Bank: The Story of Washington Mutual—The Biggest Bank Failure in American History.
Signature Bank was an American full-service commercial bank headquartered in New York City and with 40 private client offices in the states of New York, Connecticut, California, Nevada, and North Carolina. In addition to banking products, specialty national businesses provided services specific to industries such as commercial real estate, private equity, mortgage servicing, and venture banking; subsidiaries of the bank provided equipment financing and investment services. At the end of 2022, the bank had total assets of US$110.4 billion and deposits of $82.6 billion; as of 2021, it had loans of $65.25 billion.
Ronald J. Cathcart is a Canadian-born American banking executive and financial regulator. He is currently Managing Director, Head of Risk Practice at Promontory Financial Group.
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