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Though Afghanistan has had democratic elections throughout the 20th century,the electoral institutions have varied as changes in the political regime have disrupted political continuity. Elections were last held under the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,which was deposed by the Taliban in August 2021. The Taliban dissolved the Elections Commission in December 2021. In May 2022,when asked if the Taliban would hold elections,First Deputy Leader Sirajuddin Haqqani said the question was "premature".
Parliamentary elections were held in Afghanistan alongside provincial elections on 18 September 2005. Former warlords and their followers gained the majority of seats in both the lower house and the provincial council. Women won 28% of the seats in the lower house,six more than the 25% guaranteed in the 2004 constitution.
The following lists events that happened during 2004 in Afghanistan.
Movements for Muslim women to seek roles in national leadership have increased rapidly. Greater opportunities for women in education have further encouraged their involvement in politics. The most prominent Muslim female leaders are former prime minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto,Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri (2001–2004),former Turkish Prime Minister Tansu Ciller (1993–1996),former Senegalese Prime Minister Mame Madior Boye (2001–2002),Bangladeshi Prime Ministers Khaleda Zia and Sheikh Hasina Wajed,former Iranian Vice President Masoumeh Ebtekar (1997–2005),former Malian Prime Minister CisséMariam Kaïdama Sidibé(2011–2012),Kosovan President Atifete Jahjaga (2011–2016),former President of Mauritius Ameenah Gurib (2015–2018),and current President of Singapore Halimah Yacob and current President of Tanzania Samia Suluhu Hassan
Masuma Esmati-Wardak was an Afghan writer and politician. She was jointly one of the first women to serve in the Afghan parliament and served as Minister of Education.
Anahita Ratebzad was an Afghan socialist and Marxist-Leninist politician and a member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and the Revolutionary Council under the leadership of Babrak Karmal. One of the first women elected to the Afghan parliament,Ratebzad was deputy head of state from 1980 to 1986.
Roqia Abubakr was an Afghan politician,and jointly the first woman elected to parliament in the country.
Fauzia Gailani was elected to represent Herat Province in Afghanistan's Wolesi Jirga,the lower house of its National Legislature,in 2005. She won almost 16,885 votes,more than any other candidate in Herat.
Parliamentary elections were held in Afghanistan in August and September 1965. Members of the Senate were elected between 26 August and 7 September,and members of the House of the People elected between 10 and 26 September. Following the introduction of women's suffrage in the 1964 constitution,four women were elected to the House of People and two became members of the Senate.
Maria Bashir is a prosecutor based in Afghanistan,who is the only woman to ever hold such a position in the country as of 2009. With more than fifteen years of experience with Afghan civil service - the Taliban,corrupt policemen,death threats,failed assassination attempts - she has seen them all. She was banned from working during the Taliban period,when she spent her time schooling girls illegally at her residence,when it was illegal for women to be seen unescorted by men on the streets. In the post-Taliban era,she was called back into service,and was made the Chief Prosecutor General of Herat Province in 2006. With her main focus on eradicating corruption and oppression of women,she has handled around 87 cases in 2010 alone.
Farida Momand is an Afghan doctor and politician who serves as Minister of Higher Education.
Afghanistan National Swimming Federation (ANSF) is an active member of the International Swimming Federation (FINA) and Asia Swimming Federation (AASF). In Afghanistan,it is affiliated to the National Olympic Committee. It operates in conformity with the organization's charter accepted by FINA and AASF. It was established in 2004.
Kubra Noorzai (1932–1986) was an Afghan politician. She was the first woman to become a government minister in the country,serving as Minister of Public Health between 1965 and 1969.
Homeira Malikyar Seljuqi (1912–1990) was an Afghan politician. Alongside Aziza Gardizi,she was one of the first two female Senators nominated in 1965.
Aziza Gardizi was an Afghan politician. Alongside Homeira Seljuqi,she was one of the first two female Senators nominated in 1965.
This article documents the timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan.
Protests in Afghanistan against the Taliban started on 17 August 2021 following the Fall of Kabul to the Taliban. These protests are held by Islamic democrats and feminists. Both groups are against the treatment of women by the Taliban government,considering it as discriminatory and misogynistic. Supported by the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan,the protesters also demand decentralization,multiculturalism,social justice,work,education,and food. There have been pro-Taliban counterprotests.
Fatima Payman is an Afghan-born Australian politician and Senator of the Australian Senate after the 2022 Australian federal election. A member of the Labor Party,she was declared elected to the Senate for Western Australia on 20 June 2022 and began her term on 1 July. She became the Australian Parliament's first hijab-wearing Muslim woman.
Soraya Parlika (1944-2019) was an Afghan women's rights activist and politician. She served as Chairperson of the Democratic Women's Organisation of Afghanistan (DOAW) in 1978 and in 1979-1981. She served as head of Afghanistan's Red Crescent Society in 1986-1992.
References
- ↑ Women and the Elections: Facilitating and Hindering Factors in the Upcoming Parliamentary Elections AFEU
- ↑ Hafizullah Emadi, Repression, Resistance, and Women in Afghanistan
- ↑ Louis Dupree (2014) Afghanistan Princeton University Press, p653
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