The Kiev Cossack insurrection was a mass peasant movement in the Kiev Governorate and Chernihiv Governorate in 1855 directed against the national and social policies of the Russian government in Ukraine. [1]
The Kiev (Kyiv) Cossacks arose purely on social grounds, characterized by the desire to restore the Cossacks as a social state and military formation.
The reason for the peasant uprisings was the proclamation of the tsar's manifesto during the Crimean War of 1853–1856, which called for the formation of a people's militia ready to go to war. Among the peasants in the Kiev region, rumors began to spread that by enlisting in the militia ("Cossacks"), they would be freed from serfdom and receive landowners' estates and property. Peasants compiled lists of "free Cossacks", refused to work as serfs or follow the orders of the local administration, and created their own elected self-government bodies ("rural communities"). [2]
The mass peasant movement began in February 1855 in Vasylkiv County and soon covered 8 of 12 counties of Kiev Governorate (over 500 villages), as well as Konotop County of Chernihiv Governorate (including the villages of Velykyi and Malyi Sambir, Karabutove). The leaders of the Kiev Cossacks included V. Bzenko, I. and M. Bernadsky, M. Haydenko, and P. Shvaika.
To suppress the "Cossacks", the Russian government sent regular troops. Bloody clashes between the peasants and the army took place in a number of villages, the largest of which were in the towns of Korsuni and Taganchi (Kaniv County; now a village in the Kaniv District of Cherkasy region) and the villages of Berezna (Skvyra County), Bykova Hrebla (Vasylkiv County), and Yablunivka. [3]
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Kiev Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire from 1796 to 1919 and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1919 to 1925. It included the territory of the right-bank Ukraine and was formed after a division of the Kiev Viceroyalty into Kiev and Little Russia Governorates in 1796. Its capital was in Kiev. By the early 20th century, it consisted of 12 uyezds, 12 cities, 111 miasteczkos and 7344 other settlements. After the October Revolution, it became part of the administrative division of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1923 it was divided into several okrugs and on 6 June 1925 it was abolished by the Soviet administrative reforms.
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