Kommercekollegiet

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Kommercekollegiet (The Board of Trade or The Trade Authority), also Kommercekollegium, was a central executive agency for commercial, marine and industrial affairs under the absolute monarchy of Denmark. It functioned with variations in scope and under different designations on and off during the period of 1668 to 1816. [1] After the dissolution of an initial agency at the end of the 1680s, its re-establishment in 1704 was specifically to advise the Danish monarch on trade and industrial matters. [2]

Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch holds supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs. These are often hereditary monarchies. In contrast, in constitutional monarchies, the head of state's authority derives from and is legally bounded or restricted by a constitution or legislature.

Denmark constitutional monarchy in Europe

Denmark, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, is a Nordic country and the southernmost of the Scandinavian nations. Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and is bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark also comprises two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark proper consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand, Funen and the North Jutlandic Island. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate. Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 (16,573 sq mi), land area of 42,394 km2 (16,368 sq mi), and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 (853,509 sq mi), and a population of 5.8 million.

Monarchy of Denmark monarchy of the Kingdom of Denmark

The Monarchy of Denmark, colloquially known as the Danish Monarchy, is a constitutional institution and a historic office of the Kingdom of Denmark. The Kingdom includes not only Denmark, but the autonomous regions of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Kingdom of Denmark were already consolidated in the 8th century, whose rulers are consistently referred to in Frankish sources as Kings (Reges). Under the rule of King Gudfred in 804 the Kingdom may have included all the major provinces of medieval Denmark The current unified kingdom of Denmark was founded by the Viking kings Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth in the 10th century, making the monarchy of Denmark the third oldest in Europe. Originally an elective monarchy, it became hereditary only in the 17th century during the reign of Frederick III. A decisive transition to a constitutional monarchy occurred in 1849 with the writing of the first Constitution. The current Royal House is a branch of the princely family of Glücksburg, originally from Schleswig-Holstein in modern-day Germany, the same royal house as the Norwegian and former Greek royal families.

Contents

History

Kommercekollegiet was first set up in 1668 in accordance with the wishes of Copenhagen's leading merchants. With the development of international trade, it was intended to help Denmark compete with the Dutch Republic but was dissolved at the end of the 1680s, failing to achieve any progress. In 1704, a new Kommercekollegium was established, known from 1708 as Politi- og Kommercekollegiet (Police and Trade Authority), which also oversaw the commercial interests of Copenhagen. From 1724, the authority came under Copenhagen's Magistracy, only to be dissolved in 1731. Four years later, General-Landets Økonomi- og Kommercekollegium (Authority General for Rural Economy and Trade) was established, functioning until 1768. After matters of trade had been rather dispersed for a number of years, in 1773 Generallandøkonomi- og Kommercekollegiet (The Authority General for Rural Economy and Trade) was formed, gaining considerable importance as widespread international trade began to flourish. In 1816, it was merged with Generaltoldkammeret (General Chamber of Customs and Excise) and in 1848, its resources were shared between the Ministry of the Interior and the Foreign Ministry. [1]

Dutch Republic Republican predecessor state of the Netherlands from 1581 to 1795

The Dutch Republic, or the United Provinces, was a confederal republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces—seceded from Spanish rule—until the Batavian Revolution of 1795. It was a predecessor state of the Netherlands and the first Dutch nation state.

Although there were interruptions and changes, the organization existed from 1668 to 1848. Kommercekollegiet was part of the collegial administration under the absolute monarchy. It was at different times combined with other branches of the central administration, such as police, customs, and rural administration. At least from 1735, Kommercekollegiet had its own subsidiaries through which matters of trade, factory and industrial operations were treated before they were submitted for its rulings. Kommercekollegium became the joint designation for General-Landets-Økonomi- og Kommercekollegiet (1735-68), General-Kommercekollegiet (1768-71), Kommercedeputationen (1771-73), and Generallandøkonomi- og Kommercekollegiet (1773-1816). [3]

Notable members

Influential members of Kommercekollegiet have included:

Iver Rosenkrantz Danish diplomat

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References

  1. 1 2 "Kommercekollegiet". Gyldendal: Den Store Danske. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
  2. ↑ Frandsen, Karl-Erik (31 January 2010). “The” Last Plague in the Baltic Region: 1709 - 1713. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 71–. ISBN   978-87-635-0770-7 . Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  3. ↑ Danish National Archives (10 February 2012). Sources of the History of North Africa, Asia and Oceania in Denmark. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 84–. ISBN   978-3-11-097036-4 . Retrieved 27 November 2012.
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