Kongen af Assianthe, 1803 | |
History | |
---|---|
Denmark–Norway | |
Namesake | Osei Kwame Panyin |
Builder | Umeå, [1] Sweden |
Launched | 1797 |
Captured | 31 August 1807 |
General characteristics | |
Tons burthen | 113, or 220 (bm) |
Complement | 26 |
Kongen af Assianthe (or Kongen af Assianto) was launched in Sweden in 1797. [1] [a]
Her owners, Jeppe Prætorius & Co. transferred her registry to Copenhagen. Between 1797 and 1803 Kongen af Assianthe made three voyages in the triangular trade between Copenhagen, West Africa, the Danish West Indies, and Copenhagen. [3] That is, she was a slave ship, using her middle deck to carry captives. [1] For Danish vessels, trading African captives was legal until 1 January 1803 when the 1792 law to abolish the enslaving trade came into effect.
The three voyages were: [1]
Kongen af Assianthe's return in 1803 corresponded with Denmark's ending Danish participation in the trans-Atlantic enslaving trade. This prohibition had been passed in 1792 but did not take effect until 1 January 1803. [10] Thereafter, the ship was sold to a shipping company in Arendal. The most probable candidate was the firm of Anders and Hans Dedekam. They started in Arendal in 1797 and traded in timber. By 1830 they owned a number of vessels.
From November 1804 to June 1807 Kongen af Assianthe was registered at Arendal with U.P. Ugland, master. She apparently regularly sailed beyond Cape Finisterre. [11]
Capture: During the run-up to the Gunboat War HMS Niobe and Argus captured the Danish ship King of Assianthe on 31 August 1807. [12] King of Assianthe, Ugland, master, was sold for £479 10s 10d. [13]
Hans Peter Holm was a Danish naval officer who commanded vessels of the Dano-Norwegian Navy in several actions. He commanded several naval vessels during the Gunboat War. His most important action occurred in 1812 at the Battle of Lyngør when a British squadron, led by the British ship-of-the-line HMS Dictator, destroyed his vessel, HDMS Najaden. Holm sustained wounds in the battle but survived, only to drown in an accident shortly afterwards.
Royal Edward was launched in 1782 in France as Alexandre. The British captured her c.1796, and new owners changed her name. She then sailed for a few years as a West Indiaman before completing four voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She returned to the West India trade after leaving enslaving, and then traded more generally. She was condemned as unseaworthy and broken up in Bengal in 1815.
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Allison was launched in France in 1776, almost certainly under another name. The British captured her in 1795. Between 1796 and 1799 she made two whaling voyages to the British southern whale fishery. Then between 1799 and 1807 she made three voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. Between the first and the second a French privateer captured her, but British letters of marque recaptured her. The British slave trade was abolished in 1807 and thereafter Allison traded primarily as a coaster. After about 1840 she began to trade to America and Africa. She was lost c.1846.
Otter was launched at Liverpool in 1797, initially as a West Indiaman. She made seven voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. During her career she captured one merchantman and recaptured another. She was lost in 1807 on her way back to Britain from her seventh enslaving voyage.
Sarah was launched at Liverpool in 1797. She then made six voyages as a Liverpool-based slave ship in the triangular trade carrying enslaved people from West Africa to the West Indies. A French privateer captured Sarah in 1804 in a single-ship action on her seventh voyage after Sarah had gathered her slaves but before she could deliver them to the West Indies.
Hannah was built at Liverpool in 1797. She made three voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She then made one voyage as a whaler in the British southern whale fishery. Next, she became a West Indiaman and was lost in 1811.
Windsor Castle was launched at Whitby in 1783. Initially she was primarily a West Indiaman. Then from 1797 she made five voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She foundered off Bermuda in 1803 after having disembarked her captives.
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King George was a French ship that the British captured circa 1797. Her new owners renamed her and employed her as a Liverpool-based slave ship. She made three complete voyages in the triangular trade, transporting enslaved peoples from Africa to the West Indies. She was lost on her fourth voyage in February 1803 as she returned to Liverpool after having delivered captives to Havana.
HDMS Det Store Bælt was a frigate of the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy, launched in 1782. In 1800, she was sold to the Danish Asiatic Company and renamed Holsteen.
HDMS Triton was a Danish frigate launched in 1790 which operated in Danish/Norwegian home waters and in the Mediterranean in the protection of Danish merchant ships - not only from Barbary pirates but also from potential British privateers. The period in which it operated was fraught with political and practical difficulties which led to two battles at Copenhagen and other, lesser, actions.
Backhouse was launched in 1798, at Dartmouth. In all, she made four voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. Between the second and the third, and again after the fourth, she was a West Indiaman. A French privateer captured her early in 1810, as she was returning to Britain from Brazil.
Betsey was launched in 1790 at Liverpool as a slave ship. She made six complete voyages in the triangular trade in enslaved people. On her second such voyage she, together with five other slave ships, bombarded Calabar for more than three hours to force the local native traders to lower the prices they were charging for captives. A French privateer captured her in 1799 after she had delivered her captives on her seventh voyage.
Ellis was a French prize, captured in 1797, and possibly built in that year also. Liverpool merchants purchased her. She made five complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade carrying enslaved people from West Africa to the British West Indies. She was lost at sea on 23 April 1806, on her sixth voyage before she could take on any captives.
Enterprize was launched in 1790 at Liverpool. Between 1791 and 1802 she made eight complete voyages in the triangular trade in enslaved people as a Liverpool-based slave ship. She was wrecked in 1803 while returning to Liverpool from her ninth enslaving voyages. Her wreck was the target of salvage efforts in the early 19th century; the wreck was rediscovered by recreational divers in the 1990s.
Tonyn was launched at Newfoundland in 1779 as Plato. Plato was renamed to Tonyn in 1781. She then traded with North America and as a West Indiaman. From 1797 she made two voyages from Liverpool as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She was captured and recaptured in 1798 on her first voyage, and sunk on her second circa 1800 as she was returning home.
Princess Amelia was launched in 1798 at Liverpool. She made eight complete voyages as a Liverpool-based slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. After the end of British participation in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, she became a merchantman. She was probably the Princess Amelia, from Liverpool, that was lost in 1810.
Concord was launched at Gravesend in 1784 and initially traded between England and Ireland and then with the West Indies. Between 1786 and 1806 she made 11 voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. After her last slave trading voyage, new owners started sailing Concord between the United Kingdom and Newfoundland. She foundered in 1807 while sailing from Portugal to Newfoundland.
Ann was launched at Chester in 1792 as a West Indiaman. From 1796 she made nine complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She participated in several single ship actions. On her first voyage she repelled an attack by a French privateer. On her second a privateer captured her but she was recaptured. On her ninth voyage a French privateer again captured her, but this time her captor plundered and then released her. She sank on 24 May 1810 in the Old Dock at Liverpool, but was salvaged.