Koshe

Last updated

Qoshee also known as Koshe [1] is a large open landfill [2] which receives rubbish and waste from Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. The name means "dirty" in Amharic. [3]

Contents

The site is located in the southeastern part of Addis Ababa. It has been in operation for about 50 years and, in 2014, was about 36 hectares but shrinking as the result of regulation. [3] A community of hundreds of rubbish pickers lived and worked there. [3] They were known as "scratchers" as they typically carried a metal hook to pry open the waste which was compressed and delivered by garbage trucks. [3]

In 2016, the local authority tried to close the site and relocate dumping to a new landfill site at Sendafa but opposition by local farmers caused the rubbish collectors to move back. [4] [5]

In March 2017, a landslide at the site killed more than 113 people, as recovery continues the death toll is expected to rise. [6] [7] The country announced three day-national mourning following the incident. [8] Communications Minister Negeri Lencho declared that 38 males and 75 females lost their lives in this tragic event. [9]

One resident attributed the accident to construction work, as bulldozers were levelling the site for a biogas plant. [5]

A 50 (fifty) megawatt waste-to-energy plant is being built nearby at Reppie to burn rubbish to generate electricity. [6] [10]

Operation

Dumping of waste at Koshe landfill began in 1964, prior to that year, it was an unofficial site for burning dead animals. [11] The landfill is located in Southwest Addis Ababa within the boundaries of Nifas Silk-Lafto and Kolfe Keranio. [12] When Koshe became active, the surrounding area was sparsely populated and beyond the municipal master plan for Addis Ababa. [12] Though, it was the only landfill in the capital city, few documented environmental studies were conducted or published for over 40 years.

Koshe is not a fenced site and has an inadequate buffer between it and other land use activities such as farming and schools, exposing many residents to environmental and health risks. In addition, the area is open to temporary and permanent scavengers. The landfill hosts about 500 scavengers who sell recovered materials from the waste to businesses and farmers. [13]

The facility is being gradually phased out and replaced by a sanitary landfill in Oromia Special Zone, as of 2014, close to 17 hectares have been closed. Part of the land has been put to use including the construction of a ring road highway, siting of a proposed recycling center and a waste to energy project. [1] In August 2016, protesting farmers blocked the pathway to the new landfill forcing the municipal government to direct solid waste disposal back to Koshe. [14]

Hazards

Koshe's unstable garbage mounds regularly experience landslides of varying degrees of severity, most of them minor. One landslide at Koshe led to the deaths of over 113 people [15] who lived in the dump. [16] Another landslide on the 10 June 2019 killed an elderly man. [17]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Landfill</span> Site for the disposal of waste materials

A landfill site, also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump, or dumping ground, is a site for the disposal of waste materials. Landfill is the oldest and most common form of waste disposal, although the systematic burial of the waste with daily, intermediate and final covers only began in the 1940s. In the past, refuse was simply left in piles or thrown into pits; in archeology this is known as a midden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fresh Kills Landfill</span> Landfill site

The Fresh Kills Landfill was a landfill covering 2,200 acres (890 ha) in the New York City borough of Staten Island in the United States. The name comes from the landfill's location along the banks of the Fresh Kills estuary in western Staten Island.

Garbology is the study of modern refuse and trash as well as the use of trash cans, compactors and various types of trash can liners. It is a major source of information on the nature and changing patterns in modern refuse, and thereby, human society. Industries wishing to demonstrate that discards originating with their products are important in the trash stream are avid followers of this research, as are municipalities wishing to learn whether some parts of the trash they collect has any salable value.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Illegal dumping</span> Act of dumping waste illegally

Illegal dumping, also called fly dumping or fly tipping (UK), is the dumping of waste illegally instead of using an authorized method such as curbside collection or using an authorized rubbish dump. It is the illegal deposit of any waste onto land, including waste dumped or tipped on a site with no license to accept waste. The United States Environmental Protection Agency developed a “profile” of the typical illegal dumper. Characteristics of offenders include local residents, construction and landscaping contractors, waste removers, scrap yard operators, and automobile and tire repair shops.

Pay as you throw (PAYT) is a usage-pricing model for disposing of municipal solid waste. Users are charged a rate based on how much waste they present for collection to the municipality or local authority.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waste picker</span> Scavenging solid waste for personal use

A waste picker is a person who salvages reusable or recyclable materials thrown away by others to sell or for personal consumption. There are millions of waste pickers worldwide, predominantly in developing countries, but increasingly in post-industrial countries as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smokey Mountain</span>

Smokey Mountain was the term coined for a large landfill once located in Tondo, Manila.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rumpke Sanitary Landfill</span> Waste landfill in Ohio

Waste management in Japan today emphasizes not just the efficient and sanitary collection of waste, but also reduction in waste produced and recycling of waste when possible. This has been influenced by its history, particularly periods of significant economic expansion, as well as its geography as a mountainous country with limited space for landfills. Important forms of waste disposal include incineration, recycling and, to a smaller extent, landfills and land reclamation. Although Japan has made progress since the 1990s in reducing waste produced and encouraging recycling, there is still further progress to be made in reducing reliance on incinerators and the garbage sent to landfills. Challenges also exist in the processing of electronic waste and debris left after natural disasters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naples waste management crisis</span>

The "Naples waste management crisis" is a series of events surrounding the lack of waste collection and illegal toxic waste dumping in and around the Province of Naples, Campania, Italy, beginning in the 1980s. In 1994, Campania formally declared a state of emergency, ending in 2008, however, the crisis has had negative effects on the environment and on human health, specifically in an area that became known as the triangle of death. Due to the burning of accumulated toxic wastes in overfilled landfills and the streets, Naples's surrounding areas became known as the "Land of pyres". The crisis is largely attributed to government failure to efficiently waste manage, as well as the illegal waste disposal by the Camorra criminal organization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Recology</span>

Recology, formerly known as Norcal Waste Systems, is a waste management company headquartered in San Francisco, California. The company collects and processes municipal solid waste, reclaiming reusable materials. The company also operates transfer stations, materials recovery facilities (MRFs), a number of landfills, and continues to spearhead renewable energy projects. Recology is the largest organics compost facility operator by volume in the United States.

The Newby Island Landfill (NISL) is one of the largest active landfills on the shores of the San Francisco Bay. It is located in Santa Clara County, California in the United States. The site is located within the city limits of San Jose, California at the western terminus of Dixon Landing Road. The address is 1601 Dixon Landing Road, Milpitas. Although the address and public street access to the site are both in the City of Milpitas, the landfill property is entirely within the City of San Jose. Newby Island Landfill has a length of 5.07 km (3.15 mi). It is located West of the City of Milpitas near Dixon Landing Road and Interstate 880. It is the terminus for waste for all of San Jose (62%), Santa Clara (14%), Milpitas (10%), Cupertino (5%), Los Altos (2%) and other cities (7%). The 342-acre pile is currently permitted to operate until 2041 and may extend up to 245 feet. The landfill is an island surrounded by a levee which keeps its runoff from directly entering the bay, and the water that drains from it is treated in the landfill's own treatment plant. Electricity for the landfill is generated by burning the methane collected from the decomposition of the waste. Dried sewage sludge from the nearby San José–Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility is the material used as cover, mixed in with the trash, blending San Jose's waste streams. It is operated by Republic Services (Republic), which, along with Waste Management Incorporated, transports and disposes of most of the household trash in the United States.

The following lists events in the year 2017 in Ethiopia.

The Meethotamulla landslide was a garbage landslide of a section of the large dump at Meethoramulla in the Colombo District of Sri Lanka.

On 11 March 2017, a garbage landslide at the Koshe Garbage Dump in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia killed 115 people. Koshe, derived from the Amharic word for "dirty," had hundreds of people living in unincorporated communities beneath the 50 year-old garbage dump's unstable mounds. Both shanty houses and concrete structures were built in Koshe by residents attracted to the area's cheap cost-of-living and availability of recyclables to collect for income. Destabilized by constant human interaction, a segment of one of the garbage mounds collapsed during the evening onto one of Koshe's communities.

The 2005 Leuwigajah landslide was a landslide that killed 143 people in Indonesia. The Leuwigajah landfill serving the cities of Cimahi and Bandung in West Java, Indonesia experienced a catastrophic garbage landslide on 21 February 2005 when the face of a large, almost-vertical garbage mound collapsed after days of rain. The slide tore through informal neighborhoods set up by individuals within the landfill for the purpose of collecting recyclables, where it killed 143 people and injured many more.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Payatas dumpsite</span> Former open dumpsite in Quezon City, the Philippines

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York City waste management system</span> New York Citys refuse removal system

New York City's waste management system is a refuse removal system primarily run by the New York City Department of Sanitation (DSNY). The department maintains the waste collection infrastructure and hires public and private contractors who remove the city's waste. For the city's population of more than eight million, The DSNY collects approximately eleven thousand tons a day of garbage, including compostable material and recycling.

A garbage landslide is a man-made event that occurs when poorly managed garbage mounds at landfills collapse with similar energy to natural landslides. These kinds of slides can be catastrophic as they sometimes occur near communities of people, often being triggered by weather or human interaction. This form of landslide has attracted the attention of anthropologists, news media, and politicians as a result of incidents that have severely damaged communities and killed hundreds of people since the 1990s.

References

  1. 1 2 amanuel (December 4, 2012). "Koshe to close". Capital.
  2. Mahiteme 2005, p. 9.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Caroline Knowles (22 August 2014), "Inside Addis Ababa's Koshe rubbish tip", Flip-Flop: A Journey Through Globalisation’s Backroads, The Guardian
  4. Nardos Yoseph (26 July 2016), Ethiopia: Farmer Protests Leave City Under Trash, All Africa
  5. 1 2 Agence France-Presse (12 March 2017), "Rubbish dump landslide kills at least 46 in Ethiopia", The Observer
  6. 1 2 Ethiopia rubbish landslide kills 48 in Addis Ababa, BBC, 12 March 2017
  7. Ethiopia rubbish dump landslide: Search for survivors, BBC, 13 March 2017
  8. "Ethiopia declares three day-national mourning after fatal landslide". Reuters. 2017-03-15. Retrieved 2017-03-15.
  9. Briana Duggan, Ryan Prior and Joe Sterling. "Death toll rises in Ethiopian trash dump landslide". CNN. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
  10. Ben Messenger (2013), 50 MW Waste to Energy Plant Part of Sustainable Development Plans in Ethiopia
  11. Mahiteme 2005, p. 19.
  12. 1 2 Mahiteme 2005, p. 2.
  13. Baudouin, Axel; Bjerkli, Camilla; Yirgalem, Habtemariam; Zelalem, Fenta Chekole (2010). "Between neglect and control: questioning partnerships and the integration of informal actors in public solid waste management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia". African Studies Quarterly. 11 (2–3).
  14. "Waste Management System Moves Back to Repi" . Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  15. "Ethiopia landslide: Number of dead at rubbish dump hits 113". 15 March 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017 via www.bbc.co.uk.
  16. "Ethiopia Declares National Mourning for Landslide Victims; Death Toll Hits 72". Awramba Times. March 15, 2017. Archived from the original on March 15, 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  17. "Garbage dump landslide at koshe in Addis Ababa claimed life again". Borkena. 10 June 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019.

Sources

Further reading

8°58′33″N38°42′44″E / 8.97582°N 38.71224°E / 8.97582; 38.71224