Type | Weekly newspaper (1911-1914) Daily newspaper (1914-1926) |
---|---|
Owner(s) | Italian Nationalist Association |
Founded | 1 March 1911 |
Political alignment | Italian nationalism Italian irredentism Social conservatism Right-wing socialism Monarchism Anti-communism Anti-liberalism Militarism |
Ceased publication | 1926 |
Headquarters | Rome |
L'Idea Nazionale (Italian for "The National Idea") was an Italian political newspaper associated with the Italian Nationalist Association (ANI), which merged with the National Fascist Party in 1923. The paper was published between 1911 and 1926.
L'Idea Nazionale was first published on 1 March 1911, the fifteenth anniversary of the Battle of Adwa. [1] [2] The paper was a weekly publication and was based in Rome. [2] It was founded by ANI activist Enrico Corradini. [3] Alfredo Rocco was also instrumental in the establishment of it. [4] In fact, the founders were part of the imperialist wing of the ANI. [2]
L'Idea Nazionale was coedited by Enrico Corradini, Roberto Forges Davanzati and Luigi Federzoni. [2] Other writers included Francesco Coppola, Maurizio Maraviglia and the Romanian Elena Bacaloglu. For the first three years L'Idea Nazionale had a weekly periodicity. In 1914 after the beginning of the First World War, it was decided to turn it into a newspaper. To this end, the newspaper sought funding from industrialists with a nationalist and protectionist orientation. [5] On May 14, 1914, the new publishing company, "L'Italiana" (share capital of 700,000 lire divided into 140 shares) was set up. [6] Leading the negotiations was an industrialist close to the Nationalist Association: Dante Ferraris, a metallurgical industrialist and vice president of Fiat. The grants came from the steel, mechanical and sugar sectors: such as the Savona Steel Company and Italian Society for the Indigenous Sugar Industry, Ansaldo company and Società Italiana Ernesto Breda. Dante Ferraris was president of the first board of directors. [7]
Funding by the business community allowed L’Idea Nazionale to be published regularly. In return the Nationalists supported large-scale industry. In January 1916, for instance, Alfredo Rocco wrote that industrialists were kept away from the positions of power, when they should be more involved in political life. [8]
The Nationalist Association and its paper advocated militaristic nationalism and the creation of an Italian empire. First, the newspaper endorsed Italy's war of 1911 against the Ottoman Empire, urging for the annexation of North African colonies. It then supported irredentism, campaigning for Italy to enter World War I against the Central Powers.
L'Idea Nazionale ceased publication in 1926 when it was merged with La Tribuna . [7]
Edmondo Rossoni was a revolutionary syndicalist leader and an Italian fascist politician who became involved in the fascist syndicalist movement during Benito Mussolini's regime.
The history of fascist ideology is long and it draws on many sources. Fascists took inspiration from sources as ancient as the Spartans for their focus on racial purity and their emphasis on rule by an elite minority. Fascism has also been connected to the ideals of Plato, though there are key differences between the two. Fascism styled itself as the ideological successor to Rome, particularly the Roman Empire. From the same era, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's view on the absolute authority of the state also strongly influenced fascist thinking. The French Revolution was a major influence insofar as the Nazis saw themselves as fighting back against many of the ideas which it brought to prominence, especially liberalism, liberal democracy and racial equality, whereas on the other hand, fascism drew heavily on the revolutionary ideal of nationalism. The prejudice of a "high and noble" Aryan culture as opposed to a "parasitic" Semitic culture was core to Nazi racial views, while other early forms of fascism concerned themselves with non-racialized conceptions of the nation.
Enrico Corradini was an Italian novelist, essayist, journalist and nationalist political figure.
Italian fascism, also classical fascism and Fascism, is the original fascist ideology, which Giovanni Gentile and Benito Mussolini developed in Italy. The ideology of Italian Fascism is associated with a series of political parties led by Mussolini: the National Fascist Party (PNF), which governed the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 until 1943, and the Republican Fascist Party (PFR), which governed the Italian Social Republic from 1943 to 1945. Italian fascism also is associated with the post–war Italian Social Movement (MSI) and later Italian neo-fascist political organisations.
Alfredo Rocco was an Italian politician and jurist. He was Professor of Commercial Law at the University of Urbino (1899–1902) and in Macerata (1902–1905), then Professor of Civil Procedure in Parma, of Business Law in Padua, and later of Economic Legislation at La Sapienza University of Rome, of which he was rector from 1932 to 1935.
The Italian Nationalist Association was Italy's first nationalist political movement founded in 1910, under the influence of Italian nationalists such as Enrico Corradini and Giovanni Papini. Upon its formation, the ANI supported the repatriation of Austrian held Italian-populated lands to Italy and was willing to endorse war with Austria-Hungary to do so. The party had a paramilitary wing called the Blueshirts. The authoritarian nationalist faction of the ANI would be a major influence for the National Fascist Party of Benito Mussolini formed in 1921. In 1922 the ANI participated in the March on Rome, with an important role, but it was not completely aligned with Benito Mussolini's party. Nevertheless, the ANI merged into the Fascist Party in October 1923.
Luigi Federzoni was an Italian nationalist and later Fascist politician.
Francesco Coppola was a prominent Italian journalist and politician in the twentieth century who associated with Italian nationalism and later Italian Fascism.
Paolo Orano was an Italian psychologist, politician and writer. Orano began his political career as a revolutionary syndicalist in Italian Socialist Party. He later became a leading figure within the National Fascist Party, in part through his legitimization of antisemitism.
Roberto Forges Davanzati was an Italian journalist, academic and politician. Initially a syndicalist, he later became a nationalist and fascist.
Ezio Maria Gray was an Italian fascist politician and journalist. Gray was the architect of the Grand Design for a Mediterranean Confederation dominated by a Latin Alliance. His geopolitical ideas influenced the development of Mussolini's expansionist strategies.
Maurizio Maraviglia was an Italian politician and academic.
Italian nationalism is a movement which believes that the Italians are a nation with a single homogeneous identity, and therefrom seeks to promote the cultural unity of Italy as a country. From an Italian nationalist perspective, Italianness is defined as claiming cultural and ethnic descent from the Latins, an Italic tribe which originally dwelt in Latium and came to dominate the Italian peninsula and much of Europe. Because of that, Italian nationalism has also historically adhered to imperialist theories. The romantic version of such views is known as Italian patriotism, while their integral version is known as Italian fascism.
Proto-fascism refers to the direct predecessor ideologies and cultural movements that influenced and formed the basis of fascism. A prominent proto-fascist figure is Gabriele D'Annunzio, the Italian nationalist whose politics influenced Benito Mussolini and Italian Fascism. Proto-fascist political movements include the Italian Nationalist Association, the German National Association of Commercial Employees and the German National People's Party.
National syndicalism is a far-right adaptation of syndicalism to suit the broader agenda of integral nationalism. National syndicalism developed in France in the early 20th century, and then spread to Italy, Spain, and Portugal.
Proletarian nation was a term used by 20th century Italian nationalist intellectuals such as Enrico Corradini to refer to Italy and other nations that they regarded as being productive, morally vigorous, and inclined to bold action, which they considered to be characteristics associated with the proletariat. Corradini admired revolutionary proletarian movements such as syndicalism for their tactics, although he opposed their goals, and he wanted to inspire a radical nationalist movement that would use similar tactics in service of different goals: a movement that would advocate imperialist war in place of class revolution, while maintaining the same methods of "maximum cohesion, concentration of forces, iron discipline and utter ruthlessness." Corradini associated the concept of proletariat with the economic function of production, arguing that all producers are in a moral sense proletarian, and he believed that all producers should be at the forefront of a new imperialist proletarian nation.
The National List also known as Listone was a Fascist and nationalist coalition of political parties in Italy established for the 1924 general election, and led by Benito Mussolini, Prime Minister of Italy and leader of the National Fascist Party.
Events from the year 1911 in Italy.
Events from the year 1921 in Italy.
La Lupa was a weekly magazine which was published in Florence, Italy, in the period 1910–1911. Although it existed for a short period, it is known to be one of the publications which laid the foundations of the fascist governments in the following years.