 |
| English: The Marseille of the Commune | |
|---|---|
Anthem of Paris Commune | |
| Lyrics | Mme Jules Faure, 1871 |
| Music | Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, 1792 |
| Adopted | March 1871 |
| Relinquished | May 1871 |
| Audio sample | |
La Marseillaise de la Commune (Instrumental) | |
La Marseillaise de la Commune is a version of La Marseillaise that was created and used by the Paris Commune in 1871.
| French text | English translation |
|---|---|
Français! Ne soyons plus esclaves!, | French people, let us no longer be slaves! |
"La Brabançonne" is the national anthem of Belgium. The originally French title refers to the Duchy of Brabant; the name is usually untranslated in Belgium's other two official languages, Dutch and German.
"La Marseillaise" is the national anthem of France. The song was written in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strasbourg after the declaration of war by France against Austria, and was originally titled "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin".
The Paris Commune was a French revolutionary government that seized power in Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the French National Guard had defended Paris, and working-class radicalism grew among its soldiers. Following the establishment of the Third Republic in September 1870 and the complete defeat of the French Army by the Germans by March 1871, soldiers of the National Guard seized control of the city on March 18. They killed two French army generals and refused to accept the authority of the Third Republic, instead attempting to establish an independent government.
Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle was a French army officer of the French Revolutionary Wars. Isle is known for writing the words and music of the Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin, which would later be known as La Marseillaise and become the French national anthem.
The French Revolutionary Wars began on 20 April 1792 when the French Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria. This launched the War of the First Coalition.
"The Internationale" is an international anthem that has been adopted as the anthem of various anarchist, communist, socialist, democratic socialist, and social democratic movements. It has been a standard of the socialist movement since the late nineteenth century, when the Second International adopted it as its official anthem. The title arises from the "First International", an alliance of workers which held a congress in 1864. The author of the anthem's lyrics, Eugène Pottier, an anarchist, attended this congress. Pottier's text was later set to an original melody composed by Pierre De Geyter, a Marxist.
Eugène Édine Pottier was a French revolutionary, poet, song-writer, and freemason. Pottier's most famous work, the revolutionary anthem The Internationale, usually sung in the setting by Pierre De Geyter from 1888,, is much better known than he is, as it has been translated from the original French into many languages, including at least five English versions, as many in Spanish, two in German, three in different dialects each of Chinese and Arabic, and individual versions in languages from Afrikaans, via Bengali, Catalan, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, Galician, Hindu, Icelandic, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Norwegian, Okinawan, Polish, Russian, Swedish, Tamil, Urdu, Vienamese, Yiddish, to Zulu.
The "Worker's Marseillaise" is a Russian revolutionary song named after "La Marseillaise", the current national anthem of France. It is based on a poem of Pyotr Lavrov, first published on 1 July 1875 in London as "A New Song". The poem reflects a radical socialist program and calls for the violent destruction of the Russian monarchy. At the end of 1875 or in 1876, this poem began to be sung in Russia to the melody of the last verse of Robert Schumann's song "Die beiden grenadiere". Schumann's melody is inspired by the original Marseillaise, but is noticeably different from it. Thus, the melody of the Worker's Marseillaise is only indirectly related to the original Marseillaise, and the lyrics not at all. The song is close to the cruel romance genre, and this influenced its popularity. The name the "Worker's Marseillaise" has been fixed since the 1890s.
"La Carmagnole" is the title of a French song created and made popular during the French Revolution, accompanied by a wild dance of the same name that may have also been brought into France by the Piedmontese. It was first sung in August 1792 and was successively added to during the revolutionary events of 1830, 1848, 1863–64, and 1882-83. The authors are not known. The title refers to the short jacket worn by working-class militant sans-culottes, adopted from the Piedmontese peasant costume named for the town of Carmagnola.
Revolutionary songs are political songs that advocate or praise revolutions. They are used to boost morale, as well as for political propaganda or agitation. Amongst the most well-known revolutionary songs are "La Marseillaise" and "The Internationale". Many protest songs can be considered revolutionary - or later become canonized as revolutionary songs following a successful revolution. On the other hand, once a revolution is established, some of the aspects of protest song may be considered counter-revolutionary.
Louise Michel was a teacher and important figure in the Paris Commune. Following her penal transportation to New Caledonia she embraced anarchism. When returning to France she emerged as an important French anarchist and went on speaking tours across Europe. The journalist Brian Doherty has called her the "French grande dame of anarchy." Her use of a black flag at a demonstration in Paris in March 1883 was also the earliest known of what would become known as the anarchy black flag.
The name "Belarusian Marseillaise" has been used to refer to two Belarusian patriotic songs.
The XIV International Brigade was one of several international brigades that fought for the Spanish Second Republic during the Spanish Civil War.
The Army of the Rhine was formed in December 1791, for the purpose of bringing the French Revolution to the German states along the Rhine River. During its first year in action (1792), under command of Adam Philippe Custine, the Army of the Rhine participated in several victories, including Mainz, Frankfurt and Speyer. Subsequently, the army underwent several reorganizations and merged with the Army of the Moselle to form the Army of the Rhine and Moselle on 20 April 1795.
The New Babylon is a 1929 silent historical drama film written and directed by Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg. The film deals with the 1871 Paris Commune and the events leading to it, and follows the encounter and tragic fate of two lovers separated by the barricades of the Commune.
La Marseillaise des Blancs is a royalist and Catholic adaptation of the national anthem of France, La Marseillaise. The lyrical content of the Royal and Catholic variation is strongly counter-revolutionary and originated from the War in the Vendée, where locals attempted to resist the republican forces in 1793. The name "Blancs" refers to their use of royal white flags and symbols.
Gaston Mardochée Brunswick, better known by his pseudonym Montéhus, was a French singer-songwriter. He was the writer of such notable songs as "Gloire au 17ème" and "La Butte Rouge".
La Marseillaise is a French film of 1938, directed by Jean Renoir. A vast political, social, and military panorama of the French Revolution up to the autumn of 1792, its many episodes range from the life of ordinary working people through the committed bourgeois struggling for change up to those in the upper echelons of society defending the status quo.
A workers' council, also called labor council, is a type of council in a workplace or a locality made up of workers or of temporary and instantly revocable delegates elected by the workers in a locality's workplaces. In such a system of political and economic organization, the workers themselves are able to exercise decision-making power. Furthermore, the workers within each council decide on what their agenda is and what their needs are. The council communist Antonie Pannekoek describes shop-committees and sectional assemblies as the basis for workers' management of the industrial system. A variation is a soldiers' council, where soldiers direct a mutiny. Workers and soldiers have also operated councils in conjunction. Workers' councils may in turn elect delegates to central committees, such as the Congress of Soviets.
La Marseillaise is the name of the national anthem of France.
