Labour Leader

Last updated

The Labour Leader was a British socialist newspaper published for almost one hundred years. It was later renamed New Leader and Socialist Leader, before finally taking the name Labour Leader again.

Contents

19th century

The origins of the paper lay in The Miner, a monthly paper founded by Keir Hardie in 1887. Its main purpose was to advocate for a federation of Scottish miners. [1] The first issue contained an influential programme for labour, co-authored by Hardie and Chisholm Robertson, [2] marking Hardie's switch from support for the Liberal Party to advocating independent labour candidacies. [1] The paper was used as Hardie's platform in the 1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election, [2] following which Hardie became a founder member of the Scottish Labour Party and relaunched The Miner as the Labour Leader. [1]

In 1893 the Scottish Labour Party affiliated to the Independent Labour Party (ILP). Hardie became the party's first leader and began using the Labour Leader as a forum for the development of policy for the new party. In 1894 he was able to increase the paper's frequency from monthly to weekly. [1]

20th century

Hardie continued to publish and edit the Labour Leader until 1904, when he sold it to the ILP, amid some controversy on the appropriate recompense due to him. [1] The ILP appointed John Bruce Glasier to replace Hardie as editor in January 1905. Glasier was able to take sales from 13,000 at the start of his editorship to 43,000 in 1908, but attracted criticism from some ILP members for consistently endorsing all the actions of the party's leadership. He stood down from the post in April 1909. [3]

In 1909 party members were encouraged to write for the Labour Leader rather than rival publications. For example, Frederick William Jowett's parliamentary column was transferred from The Clarion . [4]

Throughout this period the paper was known for investigative reporting and high-quality journalism. As early as 1899 an investigation by Hardie had sensationally exposed poor conditions at the Overtoun Chemical Works, [5] while in 1913 and 14, Walton Newbold worked on a lengthy article exposing the interests of the defence industry. [6]

First World War

In 1912 the editorship passed to Fenner Brockway, who imposed a policy of strident pacifism, opposing the First World War with front-page headlines such as "The War Must Be Stopped" and "Down With The War". [7] In 1915 the paper's offices were raided by the police and Brockway was charged with publishing seditious material. Brockway won the case, but commented, "if we weren't dangerous to the government we were failing in our duty!" [7] However, his work in the No-Conscription Fellowship led to his repeated imprisonment and by 1916 he felt unable to continue as editor. [8] Katherine Glasier took over the editorship. [9] In 1917 the government prohibited the export of the Labour Leader from the UK. [10] By 1918 Glasier had increased circulation to 62,000, but she became increasingly at odds with the prominent columnist Philip Snowden. His opposition to the October Revolution was vocally resisted by Glasier, and in the ensuing dispute sales fell away. The stress of the dispute may have contributed to her nervous breakdown. [9]

Inter-war years

After Glasier resigned from the paper Clifford Allen, then the Treasurer of the ILP, decided that a new approach was necessary. The paper was renamed the New Leader and H. N. Brailsford was appointed editor. [11] Alarmed at Brailsford's left wing reputation, Ramsay MacDonald ensured that Mary Hamilton was appointed as his more moderate deputy, although she soon left the post. [12] Brailsford championed articles on cultural topics alongside an increased proportion of theoretical pieces, and contributed numerous articles proposing a programme for a living wage. Brailsford also managed to obtain several noted contributors to the New Leader, including H. G. Wells, George Bernard Shaw, Bertrand Russell, Hugh Dalton, Norman Angell and C. E. M. Joad. [13] [14] E. M. Forster and H. W. Nevinson contributed book reviews to the New Leader, while Julian Huxley wrote science articles. [13] The magazine also added a literature section, with poems by Frances Cornford and Charlotte Mew, and stories by T. F. Powys. [15] Illustrators for the New Leader included Jack B. Yeats, Muirhead Bone, Käthe Kollwitz and Clare Leighton. [13] [14]

By 1926 circulation had fallen and Brailsford had fallen out of favour with the ILP leadership. [16] Brockway returned to the helm, supporting James Maxton's call for the ILP to stand for "socialism in our time".

In 1929 Brockway was elected as the Member of Parliament for Leyton East and stood down from the paper. He was replaced by John Paton. [8] Paton was also an advocate of the living wage policy, but gave only reluctant support to the idea that the ILP should split from the Labour Party. [17]

Out of Parliament again in 1931, Brockway returned to the editor's chair, remaining in the post until 1946, when he resigned from the ILP and rejoined the Labour Party. [18]

On 11 March 1938, the magazine published an editorial (titled Stalin-Stop!) calling on Joseph Stalin to end the Moscow Trials. [19]

George Orwell's essay "Why I Joined the Independent Labour Party" was published in New Leader on 28 June 1938. [20]

After the Second World War

Facing a severe decline as many of its activists defected to Labour, the ILP relaunched the paper as the Socialist Leader in 1946, with Douglas Rogers as editor. F. A. Ridley and George Stone were appointed joint editors in 1947, Ridley standing down the following year, [21] but continuing to write regularly for it. [22] Stone pursued a "third force" policy, opposing both capitalism and the Soviet Union. The ILP continued to decline, but remained able to publish a weekly newspaper. [23] A Conservative politician, Cyril Wilson Black, successfully prosecuted the paper for libel after it described him as a racist. [24]

In 1975 the ILP decided to dissolve itself into the Labour Party, renaming its paper as the Labour Leader once again and moving back to monthly publication. [25] Relaunched with a claim to be "Labour's Independent Monthly", [26] it was published by Independent Labour Publications until 1986. [27]

Editors

1888: Keir Hardie
1905: John Bruce Glasier
1909: J. T. Mills
1912: Fenner Brockway
1916: Katherine Glasier
1922: H. N. Brailsford
1926: Fenner Brockway
1929: Ernest E. Hunter
1930: John Paton
1931: Fenner Brockway
1946: Douglas Rogers
1947: Frank Ridley and George Stone
1948: George Stone
1960: Wilfred Wigham
1963: Jack Ellis
1964: Douglas Kepper
1966: John Downing
1970: Robin Jenkins
1970s: Alistair Graham

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Keir Hardie</span> Scottish socialist and founder of the British Labour Party (1856–1915)

James Keir Hardie was a Scottish trade unionist and politician. He was a founder of the Labour Party, and served as its first parliamentary leader from 1906 to 1908.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Independent Labour Party</span> British political party

The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a British political party of the left, established in 1893 at a conference in Bradford, after local and national dissatisfaction with the Liberals' apparent reluctance to endorse working-class candidates. A sitting independent MP and prominent union organiser, Keir Hardie, became its first chairman.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Maxton</span> British ILP politician (1885–1946)

James Maxton was a British left-wing politician, and leader of the Independent Labour Party. He was a pacifist who opposed both world wars. A prominent proponent of Home Rule for Scotland, he is remembered as one of the leading figures of the Red Clydeside era. He broke with Ramsay MacDonald and the second minority Labour government, and became one of its most bitter critics. As the leader of the Independent Labour Party (ILP), he disaffiliated the ILP from the mainstream party in 1932. Afterwards, he became an independent dissident outside front-line politics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fenner Brockway</span> British politician (1888–1988)

Archibald Fenner Brockway, Baron Brockway was a British socialist politician, humanist campaigner and anti-war activist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">H. N. Brailsford</span> British journalist (1873–1958)

Henry Noel Brailsford was a British journalist and writer, considered one of the most prolific left-wing journalists of the first half of the 20th century. A founding member of the Men's League for Women's Suffrage in 1907, he resigned from his job at The Daily News in 1909 when it supported the force-feeding of suffragettes on hunger strike.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Bruce Glasier</span> Scottish socialist politician, 1859–1920

John Bruce Glasier was a Scottish socialist politician, associated mainly with the Independent Labour Party. He was opposed to the First World War.

William Crawford Anderson was a British socialist politician.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Hyde Champion</span>

Henry Hyde Champion was a socialist journalist and activist, regarded as one of the leading spirits behind the formation of the Independent Labour Party. Up to 1893, he lived and worked in Great Britain, moving after that date to Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Katharine Glasier</span> English politician and writer (1867–1950)

Katharine Glasier was an English socialist politician, journalist and novelist. She became a founder member of the Independent Labour Party in 1893.

The 1942 Cardiff East by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Cardiff East on 13 April 1942.

The 1902 Cleveland by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Cleveland in the North Riding of Yorkshire on 5 November 1902.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank Smith (British politician)</span>

Francis Samuel Smith was a British newspaper editor and Christian socialist politician, who contested a large number of elections before finally winning a parliamentary seat in his mid-70s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Labour Representation Committee (1900)</span> British Labour Party foundation

The Labour Representation Committee (LRC) was a pressure group founded in 1900 as an alliance of socialist organisations and trade unions, aimed at increasing representation for labour interests in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Labour Party traces its origin to the LRC's foundation.

Thomas Duckworth Benson (1857–1926), known as T. D. Benson, was a British socialist activist.

Forward was a socialist newspaper published in Scotland from 1906 to 1959.

<i>Merthyr Pioneer</i>

The Merthyr Pioneer was a weekly Socialist newspaper founded by Keir Hardie that was published in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, from 1911 to 1922. The newspaper was a successful local paper, and also served as a vehicle for communicating Hardie's political opinions.

Clement James Bundock was a British trade union leader, newspaper editor and political activist.

Ernest Edwin Hunter (1883–1947) was a British political activist and journalist.

The National Administrative Council (NAC) was the executive council of the Independent Labour Party (ILP), a British socialist party which was active from 1893 until 1975.

Lizzie Glasier was a Scottish socialist lecturer, activist, and pioneer of Socialist Sunday Schools.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hardie, (James) Keir", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  2. 1 2 David Howell, British Workers and the Independent Labour Party, 1888-1906, p.146
  3. ↑ "Glasier, John Bruce", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  4. ↑ "Jowett, Frederick William", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  5. ↑ White, John Campbell, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  6. ↑ "Newbold, (John Turner) Walton", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  7. 1 2 Fenner Brockway Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine , Learn Peace (Peace Pledge Union)
  8. 1 2 Brockway, (Archibald) Fenner, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  9. 1 2 "Glasier, Katharine St John Bruce", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  10. ↑ Cases of general interest, The National Archives
  11. ↑ "Allen, (Reginald) Clifford", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  12. ↑ "Hamilton, Mary Agnes", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  13. 1 2 3 Clare Leighton and Patricia Jaffé, The Wood Engravings of Clare Leighton. Cambridge, England : Silent Books, 1992. ISBN   1851830294 (p. 9)
  14. 1 2 F. M. Leventhal, "H. N. Brailsford and the New Leader". Journal of Contemporary History. Vol. 9, No. 1 (Jan., 1974), (pp. 91-113)
  15. ↑ J. Lawrence Mitchell, T. F. Powys: Aspects of A Life Brynmill Press Ltd, 2005. ISBN   090783986X (p. 129).
  16. ↑ "Brailsford, Henry Noel", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  17. ↑ "Paton, John", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  18. ↑ Janus: The Papers of Fenner Brockway
  19. ↑ Paul Corthorn, In the Shadow of the Dictators : the British Left in the 1930s. London : Tauris Academic Studies. ISBN   1850438439 (p. 176,259)
  20. ↑ The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 1 - An Age Like This 1945-1950 p.373 (Penguin
  21. ↑ David H. Tribe, 100 Years of Freethought
  22. ↑ Terry Liddle, "Unfair to F. A. Ridley", Solidarity 3/87
  23. ↑ "The "IS tradition" and the Independent Labour Party", Solidarity 3/87
  24. ↑ "Black, Sir Cyril Wilson", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  25. ↑ The ILP - a brief history, Independent Labour Publications
  26. ↑ Newspapers - main runs Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine , Working Class Movement Library
  27. ↑ Labour Leader Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine , Arbejdermuseet & Arbejderbevægelsens Bibliotek og Arkiv
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.