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Laika was a Soviet space dog who was one of the first animals in space and the first to orbit the Earth. A stray mongrel from the streets of Moscow, she flew aboard the Sputnik 2 spacecraft, launched into low orbit on 3 November 1957. As the technology to de-orbit had not yet been developed, Laika's survival was never expected. She died of overheating hours into the flight, on the craft's fourth orbit.
Sputnik 2, or Prosteyshiy Sputnik 2 was the second spacecraft launched into Earth orbit, on 3 November 1957, and the first to carry an animal into orbit, a Soviet space dog named Laika. Laika died on the fourth orbit due to overheating caused by an air conditioning malfunction.
Ham, a chimpanzee also known as Ham the Chimp and Ham the Astrochimp, was the first great ape launched into space. On January 31, 1961, Ham flew a suborbital flight on the Mercury-Redstone 2 mission, part of the U.S. space program's Project Mercury.
Animals in space originally served to test the survivability of spaceflight, before human spaceflights were attempted. Later, other non-human animals were flown to investigate various biological processes and the effects microgravity and space flight might have on them. Bioastronautics is an area of bioengineering research that spans the study and support of life in space. To date, seven national space programs have flown animals into space: the United States, Soviet Union, France, Argentina, China, Japan and Iran.
During the 1950s and 1960s the Soviet space program used dogs for sub-orbital and orbital space flights to determine whether human spaceflight was feasible. These dogs were surgically modified to provide the necessary information for human survival in space. The Soviet space program typically used female dogs due to their anatomical compatibility with the spacesuit. Similarly, they used mix-breed dogs due to their apparent hardiness.
101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure is a 2003 American animated direct-to-video adventure comedy film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and Walt Disney Pictures, with distribution by Walt Disney Home Entertainment. It serves as the sequel to Disney's 1961 animated feature film One Hundred and One Dalmatians. It was directed by Jim Kammerud and Brian Smith, with them also writing the screenplay from a story by Kammerud, Dan Root, Garrett K. Schiff, Smith and Temple Mathews and produced by Carolyn Bates and Leslie Hough. It was released on VHS and DVD on January 21, 2003, and features the voices of Bobby Lockwood, Barry Bostwick, Martin Short, Jason Alexander, Susanne Blakeslee, Kath Soucie, Jeff Bennett, and Jim Cummings. Critical reception was positive, with the film garnering DVDX awards for best animated feature, best director, best editing, and best musical score. Disney re-released the film on September 16, 2008.
Krypto the Superdog is an American animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation, based on Superman's canine companion Krypto, which premiered on Cartoon Network on March 25, 2005, and aired on The CW's Saturday morning block Kids' WB from September 23, 2006, until September 15, 2007. 39 episodes were produced.
Laika was a Soviet space dog who was the first animal to orbit the Earth.
Belka and Strelka are dogs that spent a day in space aboard Korabl-Sputnik 2 on 19 August 1960 before safely returning to Earth. They are the first higher living organisms to survive a trip to outer space.
The West Siberian Laika or WSL, is a breed of spitz–type hunting dog. Russian publications indicate that the term West Siberian Laika loosely applied to hunting dogs originating with the Mansi and Khanty people in Ural and West Siberia, but there were no standards or registrations of WSL as such until 1930. Then WWII disrupted it for a while, but systematic breeding with registrations resumed after the war ended, in 1946. This was the time the breed began taking modern shape. Before that hunters only knew of Mansi Laika and Khanty Laika. In early 1960 many hunters in Ural still preferred the term Mansi Laika, when speaking of West Siberian Laika. In Russian language, the term Laika originated from the word layat that means to bark. The word Laika simply means barker. Any hunting Laika is a bark pointer. It is a versatile dog depending on use and environment, but in certain parts of the country they have become more specialized.
Mala is a fictional supervillain in the DC Comics universe who first appeared in Superman #65 in the story "The Three Supermen from Space!"
Laika is a graphic novel by Nick Abadzis that gives a fictionalized account of the life and death of the eponymous dog, the first living creature launched in orbital spaceflight.
Doraemon: Nobita and the Haunts of Evil is a 1982 Japanese animated science fiction adventure film based on the third volume of the same name of the Doraemon Long Stories series. It was released on 13 March 1982 in Japan. It's the 3rd Doraemon film and was animated by Shin-Ei Animation. A remake of this film was released on March 8, 2014, entitled Doraemon: New Nobita's Great Demon—Peko and the Exploration Party of Five. It is one of the films that is focused on another character than Nobita.
Space Dogs is a 2010 Russian computer-animated adventure comedy film. The film is based on the Soviet space dogs Belka and Strelka, and honors the first animals who survived an orbital space trip, the Korabl-Sputnik 2 flight in August, 1960. In Poland it became the leader of the box-office on its first weekend, although in the United States it grossed poorly, making only $14,408 due to its limited release.
Pushinka was a dog who was given by the Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to the President of the United States, John F. Kennedy in 1961. Pushinka was the daughter of Strelka, who had travelled into space aboard Korabl-Sputnik 2.
The Yakutian Laika is an ancient working dog breed that originated in the Arctic seashore of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. Yakutian Laikas are multipurpose laikas, with many lineages able to herd reindeer, hunt game and/or pull a sled. They are registered with the Russian Kennel Club, the FCI and the AKC's Foundation Stock Service in 2017.
Félicette was a stray Parisian cat who is the only cat to have been launched into space. She was launched on 18 October 1963 as part of the French space program. Félicette was one of 14 female cats trained for spaceflight. The cats had electrodes implanted onto their skulls so their neurological activity could be monitored throughout the flight. Electrical impulses were applied to the brain and a leg during the flight to stimulate responses. The capsule was recovered 13 minutes after the rocket was ignited. Most of the data from the mission were of good quality, and Félicette survived the flight but was euthanized two months later for the examination of her brain.
Cosmo the Space-dog is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Cosmo, a telepathic Soviet space dog, is the security chief of the space station Knowhere and a member of the Guardians of the Galaxy. The character was created by Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning as a reference to Laika and first appeared in Nova vol. 4 #8.
Laika was a Soviet brand of cigarettes, which was manufactured by various Soviet tobacco companies, but most notably the "Tabachnaya Fabrika Dukat Moscow" and the "Tabachnaya Fabrika No.1 Leningrad". The brand was named after the USSR space dog Laika, the first animal launched into orbit.
Dogs in Space is an animated action-adventure streaming television series created by Jeremiah Cortez and developed by Cortez, James Hamilton and Adam Henry for Netflix. Produced by GrizzlyJerr Productions and Netflix Animation, with animation purchased from Atomic Cartoons, the series premiered on November 18, 2021.
References
- ↑ "Loutkové sci-fi Lajka je o vztahu člověka ke zvířatům a vesmíru". www.ceskenoviny.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 23 February 2018.
- ↑ "Lajka (2017)". Czech and Slovak Film Database (in Czech). Retrieved 23 February 2018.
- ↑ "Lajka (2017)". Filmový přehled (in Czech). Retrieved 23 February 2018.