Pierre Isaac Isidore Mendès France was a French politician who served as prime minister of France for eight months from 1954 to 1955. As a member of the Radical Party,he headed a government supported by a coalition of Gaullists (RPF),moderate socialists (UDSR),Christian democrats (MRP) and liberal-conservatives (CNIP). His main priority was ending the Indochina War,which had already cost 92,000 lives,with 114,000 wounded and 28,000 captured on the French side. Public opinion polls showed that,in February 1954,only 7% of the French people wanted to continue the fight to regain Indochina out of the hands of the Communists,led by Ho Chi Minh and his Viet Minh movement. At the 1954 Geneva Conference,Mendès France negotiated a deal that gave the Viet Minh control of Vietnam north of the seventeenth parallel,and allowed him to pull out all French forces. He is considered one of the most prominent statesmen of the French Fourth Republic.
Raj Narain was an Indian freedom fighter and politician. He won in a famous electoral malpractice case against the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi,which led to her disqualification and imposition of Emergency in India in 1975. He defeated Indira Gandhi during the 1977 Lok Sabha elections.
Édouard Goubert was mayor and first chief minister of Pondicherry between 1 July 1963 and 11 September 1964. Initially a strongly pro-French leader,he later shifted towards the pro-merger Indian National Congress,which ultimately became the death knell for the sovereignty of France's comptoirs in India. He and Lambert Saravane founded the French India Socialist Party in July 1947.
Though the French established colonies in India in the 17th century itself,it was not until the end of the 19th century they started civil administration in French India.
The Coup d'état of Yanaon (Yanam) was a tense but ultimately non-lethal political coup at Yanam,India,in 1954. It occurred as India and France held ongoing negotiations regarding the future of French settlements in India. Yanam,along with Pondicherry,Karikal,and Mahé,was one of four small French colonial enclaves remaining in India after its 1947 independence from Britain. Though widely separated along both of India's coasts,the towns were collectively known as Pondicherry [Fr:Pondichéry;mod. India:Puducherry],after the largest of the settlements.
The City of Puducherry on the southeast coast of India does not have a recorded history from antiquity. Puducherry has history recorded only after the advent of the colonial powers such as the Dutch,Portuguese,English and the French. Nearby places such as Arikanmedu,Kakayanthoppe,Villianur,and Bahur,which were annexed by the French East India Company over a period of time and became the Union Territory of Puducherry after Independence,have written histories that predate the colonial era.
The politics of Odisha are part of India's federal parliamentary representative democracy,where the union government exercises sovereign rights. Certain powers are reserved to the states,including Odisha. The state has a multi-party system,in which the two main parties are the nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the regional,socialist Biju Janata Dal (BJD). The Indian National Congress (INC) has also significant presence.
Deiva Zivarattinam was an Indian politician. He represented Pondicherry in the French Constituent Assembly election in 1945.
The French India Socialist Party was a political party in French India. The party was led by Édouard Goubert,Minister for General Administration for French India. The party played a dominant role in the political life in the colony,being backed by the French administration. The party favoured retaining links with France,but would eventually turn against French rule.
Varadarajulu Kailasa Subbiah was an Indian communist politician from Pondicherry. Subbiah was the secretary of the Communist Party of French India. He is regarded as the founder of the trade union movement in the union territory. Subbiah was one of the 'Tamrapatra awardees',awarded the decoration for their role in the Indian freedom struggle.
The National Democratic Front was a political coalition in French India. The movement dominated the political scene in the colony for a brief period until the emergence of a split between the socialists and communists in the coalition.
Elections to the National Assembly of France were held in Algeria on 17 June 1951. Algeria had 30 of the 625 at the National Assembly.
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian Union Territory of Pondicherry took place on 23 August 1964 to constitute the Second Assembly of Pondicherry. These were the first Legislative Assembly elections after the formation of the new Union Territory. The elections marked the end of the rule of Edouard Goubert in Pondicherry.
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Hyderabad were held and Sri Burgula Rama Krishna Rao took oath as First Chief Minister of Hyderabad State on 6 March 1952. 564 candidates competed for the 175 seats in the Assembly. There were 33 two-member constituencies and 109 constituencies single-member constituencies.
Augustin Laurent was a French coal miner,journalist and socialist politician. He was a national deputy both before and after World War II (1939–45). During the war he was active in the French Resistance. After the liberation of France he was Minister of Posts,Telegraphs,and Telephones in the provisional government between September 1944 and June 1945. He was active as a socialist in the post-war legislature until 1951,when he decided to focus on local politics. He was mayor of Lille from 1955 to 1973.
The Établissements français de l'Inde,previously known as Indes orientales was a constituency in the French National Assembly between 1789 and 1954.
After the de facto merger on 1 November 1954 and before the legal integration with the Indian Union on 16 August 1962,general elections were held in 1955 and 1959. So. the first general elections to the Pondicherry Representative Assembly along with 16 municipal councils were held in 1955 from July 18 to 23 for 39 constituencies to constitute First Pondicherry Representative Assembly. The election were held on the basis of adult franchise under the State of Pondicherry Order,1955 which prescribed the rules and regulations for the conduct of elections,more or less on the pattern adopted in the Indian Union. The elections were conducted under supervision of the Election commissioner Mr. Sukumar Sen and heavy polling was reported during the elections.
After the de facto merger on 1 November 1954 and before the legal integration with the Indian Union on 16 August 1962,second general elections were held in August 1959 to constitute Second Pondicherry Representative Assembly.
After the merger of French settlements into an Indian union,a new assembly,named the Pondicherry Representative Assembly,was created by the government of India. After the "de facto transfer day" of 1 October 1954,before 16 August 1962 also referred to as "de-jure transfer day". During this transition period,general elections to the representative assembly were held in 1955 and 1959. After the de-jure transfer day,legal integration of French settlements into the Indian Union was complete. However,this assembly,like its predecessor,was advisory in its role,which led to frequent contention between the popular government and the chief commissioner.
After the de facto merger on 1 November 1954 and before the legal integration with the Indian Union on 16 August 1962,general elections were held in 1955 and 1959. In January 1955,The Indian union government renamed the French settlements in India as State of Pondicherry by passing an order. The previous assembly that was elected during French rule was dissolved on 13 June 1955 and the first general elections to the Pondicherry Representative Assembly were held in next month from 18 to 23 July for 39 constituencies. The election were held on the basis of adult franchise under the State of Pondicherry Order,1955 which prescribed the rules and regulations for the conduct of elections,more or less on the pattern adopted in the Indian Union.
