Lance Dodes

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Lance M. Dodes is an American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst best known for his theory that addictions are psychological compulsions. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Biography

Dodes received an A.B. from Dartmouth College in 1966, his D.M.S. from Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine in 1968, and his M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1970. He is a training and supervising analyst emeritus of the Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, and a retired assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. [4]

Work on addiction

Prior to Dodes' work, psychological theories about addiction separated them from other common psychological symptoms. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Dodes was first to characterize addictions as identical to the symptoms of compulsions, [10] a view that allows for understanding and treating addictions the same way as other compulsive symptoms. In his book The Heart of Addiction and peer-reviewed academic articles, Dodes argued that addiction is a symptom that reflects a need to reverse overwhelming feelings of helplessness. [11] [12] [13] [14]  His second book, Breaking Addiction: A 7-Step Handbook for Ending Any Addiction was honored as a Library Journal Best Book in its category. [15]

In The Sober Truth: Debunking the Bad Science Behind 12-Step Programs and the Rehab Industry, [16] Dodes and his co-author reviewed 50 years of research and said that most people who have experienced Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) have not achieved long-term sobriety, and only five to eight percent of the people who go to one or more AA meetings achieve sobriety for longer than one year. [17] The book was featured in a NPR segment [18] and a New York Times review. [19] The 5–8% figure put forward by Dodes is controversial. [20]

Other works

In 2004 Dodes appeared in an episode of Penn & Teller: Bullshit! [21] In 2015 he appeared as an expert in the film "The Business of Recovery". [22] He contributed an essay to the 2017 book The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump , [23] and had an opinion letter expressing concerns about Trump's emotional stability published by The New York Times. [24]

Honors

In 2001, Dodes was honored by the Division on Addictions at Harvard Medical School for “Distinguished Contribution” to the study and treatment of addictive behavior. [25]

In 2009, Dodes was elected a Distinguished Fellow of the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. [26]

Dodes was awarded an Author Prize by Psychoanalytic Electronic Publishing for being in the top 5% of authors in 2011 and has remained in the top 5% through 2018 (the last year for which there are figures). [27]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alcoholics Anonymous</span> Sobriety-focused mutual help fellowship

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a global, peer-led mutual aid fellowship begun in the United States dedicated to abstinence-based recovery from alcoholism through its spiritually inclined twelve-step program. AA’s Twelve Traditions, besides stressing anonymity and the lack of a governing hierarchy, establish AA as free to all, non-professional, unaffiliated, and non-denominational, as well as apolitical. In 2020 AA estimated it had over two million members; 75% of whom were in the US and Canada.

Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques that deal in part with the unconscious mind, and which together form a method of treatment for mental disorders. The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Sigmund Freud, whose work stemmed partly from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others. Freud developed and refined the theory and practice of psychoanalysis until his death in 1939. In an encyclopedic article, he identified the cornerstones of psychoanalysis as "the assumption that there are unconscious mental processes, the recognition of the theory of repression and resistance, the appreciation of the importance of sexuality and of the Oedipus complex." Freud's colleagues Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung developed offshoots of psychoanalysis which they called individual psychology (Adler) and analytical psychology (Jung), although Freud himself wrote a number of criticisms of them and emphatically denied that they were forms of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis was later developed in different directions by neo-Freudian thinkers, such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, and Harry Stack Sullivan.

Twelve-step programs are international mutual aid programs supporting recovery from substance addictions, behavioral addictions and compulsions. Developed in the 1930s, the first twelve-step program, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), founded by Bill Wilson and Bob Smith, aided its membership to overcome alcoholism. Since that time dozens of other organizations have been derived from AA's approach to address problems as varied as drug addiction, compulsive gambling, sex, and overeating. All twelve-step programs utilize a version of AA's suggested twelve steps first published in the 1939 book Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How More Than One Hundred Men Have Recovered from Alcoholism.

Hypersexuality is a mental disorder that causes unwanted or excessive sexual arousal, causing people to engage in or think about sexual activity to a point of distress or impairment. It is controversial whether it should be included as a clinical diagnosis used by mental healthcare professionals. Nymphomania and satyromania were terms previously used for the condition in women and men, respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drug rehabilitation</span> Processes of treatment for drug dependency

Drug rehabilitation is the process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines. The general intent is to enable the patient to confront substance dependence, if present, and stop substance misuse to avoid the psychological, legal, financial, social, and medical consequences that can be caused.

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Kleptomania is the inability to resist the urge to steal items, usually for reasons other than personal use or financial gain. First described in 1816, kleptomania is classified in psychiatry as an impulse control disorder. Some of the main characteristics of the disorder suggest that kleptomania could be an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder, but also share similarities with addictive and mood disorders.

A food addiction or eating addiction is any behavioral addiction characterized primarily by the compulsive consumption of palatable and hyperpalatable food items. Such foods often have high sugar, fat, and salt contents (HFSS), and markedly activate the reward system in humans and other animals. Those with eating addictions often overconsume such foods despite the adverse consequences associated with their overconsumption.

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Compulsive behavior is defined as performing an action persistently and repetitively. Compulsive behaviors could be an attempt to make obsessions go away. Compulsive behaviors are a need to reduce apprehension caused by internal feelings a person wants to abstain from or control. A major cause of compulsive behavior is said to be obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). "The main idea of compulsive behavior is that the likely excessive activity is not connected to the purpose to which it appears directed." There are many different types of compulsive behaviors including shopping, hoarding, eating, gambling, trichotillomania and picking skin, itching, checking, counting, washing, sex, and more. Also, there are cultural examples of compulsive behavior.

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References

  1. ↑ Silverman, M. A. (2005). "THE HEART OF ADDICTION. By Lance Dodes, M.D. New York: Harper Collins, 2002. 258 pp". 74 (3): 912–917.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ↑ Glyde, Tania (2014-07-01). "The recovery position". The Lancet Psychiatry. 1 (2): 119–120. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70295-0. ISSN   2215-0366. PMID   26360574.
  3. ↑ "PEP Web - Statistics". pep-web.org. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  4. ↑ Furlong, Lisa (September–October 2014). "Lance Dodes '66, DMS'68". Dartmouth Alumni Magazine. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
  5. ↑ Khantzian, E. J. (May 1977). "The ego, the self, and opiate addiction: theoretical and treatment considerations". NIDA Research Monograph (12): 101–117. ISSN   1046-9516. PMID   97531.
  6. ↑ Krystal, H. (1982–1983). "Alexithymia and the effectiveness of psychoanalytic treatment". International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. 9: 353–378. ISSN   0091-0600. PMID   6185448.
  7. ↑ McDougall, J. (July 1984). "The "dis-affected" patient: reflections on affect pathology". The Psychoanalytic Quarterly. 53 (3): 386–409. doi:10.1080/21674086.1984.11927074. ISSN   0033-2828. PMID   6473578.
  8. ↑ Wurmser, L. (1984–1985). "The role of superego conflicts in substance abuse and their treatment". International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. 10: 227–258. ISSN   0091-0600. PMID   6511188.
  9. ↑ Zinberg, N. E. (1975). "Addiction and Ego Function". The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. 30: 567–588. doi:10.1080/00797308.1975.11823320. PMID   1197523.
  10. ↑ Dodes, L. M. (1996). "Compulsion And Addiction". Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. 44 (3): 815–835. doi:10.1177/000306519604400307. PMID   8892189. S2CID   34260417.
  11. ↑ "Nonfiction Book Review: THE HEART OF ADDICTION: A New Approach to Understanding and Managing Alcoholism and Other Addictive Behaviors by Lance M Dodes, Author HarperCollins $24.95 (272p) ISBN 0-06-019811-7". PublishersWeekly.com. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  12. ↑ Dodes, L. M. (July 1990). "Addiction, helplessness, and narcissistic rage". The Psychoanalytic Quarterly. 59 (3): 398–419. doi:10.1080/21674086.1990.11927278. ISSN   0033-2828. PMID   2399288.
  13. ↑ Dodes, L. M. (2003). "Addiction and Psychoanalysis": 123–134.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ↑ Dodes, Lance M. (2009-11-01). "Addiction as a psychological symptom". Psychodynamic Practice. 15 (4): 381–393. doi:10.1080/14753630903230468. ISSN   1475-3634. S2CID   143922368.
  15. ↑ "LJ's Best Books & Media of 2011". Library Journal. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  16. ↑ Flanagin, Jake (2014-03-25). "The Surprising Failures of 12 Steps". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  17. ↑ Lance Dodes, M.D.; Zachary Dodes (2014). The Sober Truth: Debunking the Bad Science Behind 12-Step Programs and the Rehab Industry. ISBN   978-0-8070-3315-9. University of California professor Herbert Fingarette cited two [...] statistics: at eighteen months, 25 percent of people still attended AA, and of those who did attend, 22 percent consistently maintained sobriety. [Reference: H. Fingarette, Heavy Drinking: The Myth of Alcoholism as a Disease (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988)] Taken together, these numbers show that about 5.5 percent of all those who started with AA became sober members.
  18. ↑ "With Sobering Science, Doctor Debunks 12-Step Recovery".
  19. ↑ Friedman, Richard A. (2014-05-05). "Taking Aim at 12-Step Programs". The New York Times.
  20. ↑ Kelly, John F.; Beresin, Gene (7 April 2014). "In Defense of 12 Steps: What Science Really Tells Us about Addiction". WBUR's Common Health: Reform and Reality. Archived from the original on 2014-04-11. Retrieved 2018-01-05. studies show that 12-step treatment improves outcomes by up to 20% for as long as two years post-treatment via its ability to engage patients, and also tends to produce much higher rates of continuous abstinence than other forms of treatment
  21. ↑ "Penn & Teller Bullshit! 12-Stepping (full cast and crew)". IMDb.
  22. ↑ Munro, Dan (April 27, 2015). "Inside The $35 Billion Addiction Treatment Industry". Forbes . Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  23. ↑ Lozada, Carlos. "Is Trump mentally ill? Or is America? Psychiatrists weigh in". Washington Post.
  24. ↑ Dodes, Lance; Schachter, Joseph (2017-02-13). "Mental Health Professionals Warn About Trump". The New York Times .
  25. ↑ "Modern Psychodynamic Understanding of Addiction". NPI. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  26. ↑ "Distinguished Fellows of AAAP - AAAP". American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  27. ↑ "Top 400 Authors Downloaded in 2011". Psychoanalytic Electronic Publishing. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
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