The district of Allenstein was a Prussian district in East Prussia, which existed from 1818 to 1945.
The district of Allenstein was a Prussian district in East Prussia, which existed from 1818 to 1945.
The area of the Allenstein district historically belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, which fell to the Kingdom of Prussia with the First Partition of Poland in 1772. After the incorporation of Warmia into Prussia, the districts of Braunsberg and Heilsberg were set up in 1773, both of which were assigned to the Königsberg War and Domain Chamber. [1]
As part of the Prussian administrative reforms, a comprehensive district reform in all of East Prussia was necessary, as the districts established in 1752 and 1773 had proven to be inexpedient and too large. In Warmia, the new Allenstein district was formed from the southwestern part of the old Heilsberg district on February 1, 1818. The Allenstein district was assigned to Regierungsbezirk Königsberg, which emerged in 1808 from the old Königsberg War and Domain Chamber.
Since 1871, the district belonged to the German Empire. On November 1, 1905, the Allenstein district was assigned to the new Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. On April 1, 1910, the city of Allenstein left the district and formed its own urban district, known as Stadtkreis Allenstein. The remainder of the Allenstein district has since been referred to as Landkreis Allenstein.
In the 1920 East Prussian plebiscite, the Allenstein district belonged to the Allenstein voting area, the residents of which were to vote on whether they wished to join Poland or remain in Germany, in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. In the plebiscite, 86.53% of the votes were in favor of Germany and 13.47% were in favour of Poland, due to which it remained in Germany.
Towards the end of World War II in January 1945, the district was occupied by the Soviet Red Army and placed under Polish administration, in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement. The German residents of the district were expelled and only about 7% of the inhabitants, classified as "autochthonous Poles" were allowed to remain.
According to the Prussian census of 1861, the Allenstein district, which then also included the city of Allenstein, had a population of 47,901, of which 12,510 (26.1%) were Germans and 35,391 (73.9%) were Poles. [2]
Warmia is both a historical and an ethnographic region in northern Poland, forming part of historical Prussia. Its historic capitals were Frombork and Lidzbark Warmiński and the largest city is Olsztyn.
Olsztyn is a city on the Łyna River in northern Poland. It is the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, and is a city with county rights. The population of the city was estimated at 169,793 residents in 2021.
East Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 ; following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945. Its capital city was Königsberg. East Prussia was the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast.
Royal Prussia or Polish Prussia became a province of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, which was annexed following the imposed Second Peace of Toruń (1466) from territory in Pomerelia and western Prussia which had been part of the State of the Teutonic Order. Royal Prussia retained its autonomy, governing itself and maintaining its own laws, customs, rights and German language for the German minority and Polish language for the Polish majority.
Prussia is a historical region in Central Europe on the south-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, that ranges from the Vistula delta in the west to the end of the Curonian Spit in the east and extends inland as far as Masuria, divided between Poland, Russia and Lithuania. This region is often also referred to as Old Prussia.
The Province of West Prussia was a province of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and from 1878 to 1919. West Prussia was established as a province of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1773, formed from Royal Prussia of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth annexed in the First Partition of Poland. West Prussia was dissolved in 1829 and merged with East Prussia to form the Province of Prussia, but was re-established in 1878 when the merger was reversed and became part of the German Empire. From 1918, West Prussia was a province of the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany, losing most of its territory to the Second Polish Republic and the Free City of Danzig in the Treaty of Versailles. West Prussia was dissolved in 1919, and its remaining western territory was merged with Posen to form Posen-West Prussia, and its eastern territory merged with East Prussia as the Region of West Prussia district.
Wielbark is a town in Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Wielbark. It lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Szczytno and 52 km (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is part of historic Masuria.
Orzysz is a town in northeastern Poland, in the Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, with 7,512 inhabitants (2007). It is located on Orzysz Lake in the region of Masuria.
Susz is a town in Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, with 5,610 inhabitants (2006).
Landkreis Marienwerder was a Kreis, or district, of Prussia from 1752 to 1945. Its capital was Marienwerder (Kwidzyn).
Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen was a Regierungsbezirk, or government region, of the Prussian province of East Prussia from 1808 until 1945. The regional capital was Gumbinnen (Gusev).
Regierungsbezirk Allenstein was a Regierungsbezirk, or government region, of the Prussian province of East Prussia from 1905 until 1945. The regional capital was Allenstein. The territory today is part of the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.
Regierungsbezirk Königsberg was a Regierungsbezirk, or government region, of the Prussian province of East Prussia from 1815 until 1945. The regional capital was Königsberg.
The East Prussian plebiscite, also known as the Allenstein and Marienwerder plebiscite or Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle plebiscite, was a plebiscite for the self-determination of the regions of southern Warmia (Ermland), Masuria and Powiśle, which had been in parts of the East Prussian Government Region of Allenstein and of the West Prussian Government Region of Marienwerder in accordance with Articles 94 to 97 of the Treaty of Versailles.
Sterławki Wielkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ryn, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northeastern Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi.) north of Ryn, 12 km (7 mi.) west of Giżycko and 76 km (47 mi.) east of the regional capital, Olsztyn.
The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia was a semi-independent ecclesiastical state, ruled by the incumbent ordinary of the Warmia see and comprising one third of the then diocesan area. The Warmia see was a Prussian diocese under the jurisdiction of the Archbishopric of Riga that was a protectorate of the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights (1243–1464) and a protectorate and part of the Kingdom of Poland—later part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1464–1772), confirmed by the Peace of Thorn in 1466. The other two thirds of the diocese were under the secular rule of the Teutonic Knights until 1525 and Ducal Prussia thereafter, both entities also being a protectorate and part of Poland from 1466.
The Marienburg district was a Prussian district that existed from 1772 to 1945. The district originally belonged to the province of West Prussia and was divided in 1920 by the Treaty of Versailles. Its western half fell to the Free City of Danzig, while its eastern half became part of the province of East Prussia and remained in the German Reich until 1945. The district capital was Marienburg. The territory of the district is now part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland.
The Mohrungen district was a district in the southwestern part of the Prussian province of East Prussia. It existed from 1818 to 1945 and belonged to Regierungsbezirk Königsberg. The seat of the district administration was the town of Mohrungen. Prior to this, from 1752 to 1818 there was a Mohrungen district in East Prussia, which however, encompassed a much larger area.
The Rößel district was a Prussian district in the administrative region of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia. It was located in Warmia in the middle of East Prussia and existed from 1818 to 1945. The seat of the district administration was initially Rößel (Reszel) and, from 1862, Bischofsburg (Biskupiec).
Heilsberg was a district in East Prussia and existed as a Prussian-German district in the period from 1818 to 1945. Due to its affiliation with Warmia, the district had a majority Catholic population, and the Center Party won an absolute majority of votes in elections until 1933. From 1773 to 1818, there had already been a district of Heilsberg in Warmia, which covered a much larger area.
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