Lawrence Appel

Last updated

Lawrence J. Appel is the C. David Molina Professor of Medicine and Director of the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research at Johns Hopkins University, a joint program of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr. Appel is a primary care internist who holds a primary appointment in the Department of Medicine with joint appointments in the Department of Epidemiology, International Health, and Nursing. In addition, he directs the ProHealth Clinical Research Unit. The focus of his career is the conduct of clinical, epidemiologic, and translational research pertaining to the prevention and control of high blood pressure, cardiovascular-kidney diseases, and other chronic conditions, primarily through nutrition-based interventions. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Contents

Education

Appel received his M.D. from New York University School of Medicine in 1981 and his M.P.H. from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in 1989. [1]

Career

Appel joined the faculty of Johns Hopkins University in 1989, and became the director of their Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research in 2010. [4] He was a member of the United States Dietary Guidelines committees in 2005 and 2010. [5]

Research

Appel's research consists of three different types of studies: controlled feeding studies, behavioral intervention trials, and cohort studies pertaining to chronic kidney disease. [1] In 1997, he was the lead author of the study that coined the term "DASH diet". [6] [7] He has also been credited with convincing the FDA that food companies should be able to put labels on their products saying that potassium has health benefits. [8] In 2014, he published a study that found that a low-glycemic index diet did not improve insulin sensitivity, cholesterol levels or blood pressure compared with a high glycemic-index diet. [9] [10]

Honors and awards

Appel was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 2012. [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Low-carbohydrate diet</span> Diets restricting carbohydrate consumption

Low-carbohydrate diets restrict carbohydrate consumption relative to the average diet. Foods high in carbohydrates are limited, and replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of fat and protein, as well as low carbohydrate foods.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mediterranean diet</span> Diet inspired by the Mediterranean region

The Mediterranean diet is a diet inspired by the eating habits and traditional food typical of southern Spain, southern Italy, and Crete, and formulated in the early 1960s. It is distinct from Mediterranean cuisine, which covers the actual cuisines of the Mediterranean countries, and from the Atlantic diet of northwestern Spain and Portugal. While inspired by a specific time and place, the "Mediterranean diet" was later refined based on the results of multiple scientific studies.

The glycemic load (GL) of food is a number that estimates how much the food will raise a person's blood glucose level after it is eaten. One unit of glycemic load approximates the effect of eating one gram of glucose. Glycemic load accounts for how much carbohydrate is in the food and how much each gram of carbohydrate in the food raises blood glucose levels. Glycemic load is based on the glycemic index (GI), and is calculated by multiplying the weight of available carbohydrate in the food (in grams) by the food's glycemic index, and then dividing by 100.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Women's Health Initiative</span> Long-term U.S. health study

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) was a series of clinical studies initiated by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1991, to address major health issues causing morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women. It consisted of three clinical trials (CT) and an observational study (OS). In particular, randomized controlled trials were designed and funded that addressed cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</span> American private university

The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health is the public health graduate school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. As the second independent, degree-granting institution for research in epidemiology and training in public health, and the largest public health training facility in the United States.

A diabetic diet is a diet that is used by people with diabetes mellitus or high blood sugar to minimize symptoms and dangerous complications of long-term elevations in blood sugar.

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension or the DASH diet is a diet to control hypertension promoted by the U.S.-based National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The DASH diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods. It includes meat, fish, poultry, nuts, and beans, and is limited in sugar-sweetened foods and beverages, red meat, and added fats. In addition to its effect on blood pressure, it is designed to be a well-balanced approach to eating for the general public. DASH is recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as a healthy eating plan. The DASH diet is one of three healthy diets recommended in the 2015–20 U.S. Dietary Guidelines, which also include the Mediterranean diet and a vegetarian diet. The American Heart Association (AHA) considers the DASH diet "specific and well-documented across age, sex and ethnically diverse groups."

David Lawrence Sackett was an American-Canadian physician and a pioneer in evidence-based medicine. He is known as one of the fathers of Evidence-Based Medicine. He founded the first department of clinical epidemiology in Canada at McMaster University, and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. He is well known for his textbooks Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine.

Magnesium aspartate is a magnesium salt of aspartic acid. It is used as a mineral supplement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Weight management</span> Techniques for maintaining body weight

Weight management refers to behaviors, techniques, and physiological processes that contribute to a person's ability to attain and maintain a healthy weight. Most weight management techniques encompass long-term lifestyle strategies that promote healthy eating and daily physical activity. Moreover, weight management involves developing meaningful ways to track weight over time and to identify the ideal body weights for different individuals.

Lisa A. Cooper is an American internal medicine and public health physician who is the Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Equity in Health and Healthcare at Johns Hopkins University, jointly appointed in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing and in the departments of Health, Behavior and Society, Health Policy and Management; Epidemiology; and International Health in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. She is the James F. Fries Professor of Medicine in the Division of General Internal Medicine, Director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Equity, and Director of the Johns Hopkins Urban Health Institute. Cooper is also a Gilman Scholar and a core faculty member in the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research. She is internationally recognized for her research on the impact of race, ethnicity and gender on the patient-physician relationship and subsequent health disparities. She is a member of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). In 2007, she received a MacArthur Fellowship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salt and cardiovascular disease</span> Association between salt consumption and cardiovascular disease

Salt consumption has been extensively studied for its role in human physiology and impact on human health. Chronic, high intake of dietary salt consumption is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease, in addition to other adverse health outcomes. Major health and scientific organizations, such as the World Health Organization, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and American Heart Association, have established high salt consumption as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

Prevention of type 2 diabetes can be achieved with both lifestyle changes and use of medication. The American Diabetes Association categorizes people with prediabetes, who have glycemic levels higher than normal but do not meet criteria for diabetes, as a high-risk group. Without intervention, people with prediabetes progress to type 2 diabetes with a 5% to 10% rate. Diabetes prevention is achieved through weight loss and increased physical activity, which can reduce the risk of diabetes by 50% to 60%.

A number of lifestyle factors are known to be important to the development of type 2 diabetes including: obesity, physical activity, diet, stress, and urbanization. Excess body fat underlies 64% of cases of diabetes in men and 77% of cases in women. A number of dietary factors such as sugar sweetened drinks and the type of fat in the diet appear to play a role.

George A. Bray is an American obesity researcher. As of 2016, he is a University Professor emeritus and formerly the chief of the division of clinical obesity and metabolism at Louisiana State University's Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge. He is also a Boyd Professor emeritus at the Pennington Center, and a professor of medicine emeritus at the Louisiana State University Medical Center.

Paul Kieran Whelton is an Irish-born American physician and scientist who has contributed to the fields of hypertension and kidney disease epidemiology. He also mentored several public health leaders including the deans of the schools of public health at Johns Hopkins and Columbia. He currently serves as the Show Chwan Health Care System Endowed Chair in Global Public Health and a Clinical Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. He is the founding director of the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research at Johns Hopkins University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shiriki Kumanyika</span>

Shiriki K. Kumanyika is an Emeritus Professor of Biostatistics and Epidemiology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and co-chair of the International Association for the Study of Obesity International Obesity Task Force. She has previously served as Associate Dean for Disease Prevention and was founding director of the University of Pennsylvania Master of Public Health. She chairs the African American Collaborative Obesity Research Network. She is the former president of the American Public Health Association.

Cheryl Ann Marie Anderson is an American epidemiologist. Anderson is a professor at and founding Dean of the University of California San Diego Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science. Anderson's research focus is on nutrition and chronic disease prevention in under-served human populations.

Xiaobin Wang is an American molecular epidemiologist. She is the Zanvyl Krieger Professor in Children's Health at Children's Memorial Institute and director of the Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elizabeth Mayer-Davis</span> American nutritionist and academic

Elizabeth "Beth" Mayer-Davis is an American nutritionist who is the Cary C. Boshamer Distinguished Professor at the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health. She is the Director of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Nutrition Obesity Research Center, and Dean of the UNC Graduate School. She has sought to better understand diabetes. She was awarded the 2019 American Diabetes Association Kelly West Award.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Lawrence Appel". Johns Hopkins. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  2. ↑ Hines, Kathleen. "Johns Hopkins ProHealth Clinical Research Unit" . Retrieved 2015-09-14.
  3. ↑ "The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  4. 1 2 "Dr. Larry Appel to Lead Welch Center". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 6 October 2010. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  5. ↑ Kolata, Gina (3 March 2013). "Experts Want More Studies of Diet's Role for the Heart". New York Times. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  6. ↑ Appel, Lawrence J.; Moore, Thomas J.; Obarzanek, Eva; Vollmer, William M.; Svetkey, Laura P.; Sacks, Frank M.; Bray, George A.; Vogt, Thomas M.; Cutler, Jeffrey A.; Windhauser, Marlene M.; Lin, Pao-Hwa; Karanja, Njeri; Simons-Morton, Denise; McCullough, Marjorie; Swain, Janis; Steele, Priscilla; Evans, Marguerite A.; Miller, Edgar R.; Harsha, David W. (17 April 1997). "A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 336 (16): 1117–1124. doi:10.1056/NEJM199704173361601. PMID   9099655.
  7. ↑ Esposito, Lisa (6 February 2015). "DASH: the Best Diet With the Least Buzz". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  8. ↑ "The Health Benefits of Potassium in a Label". CBS News. 31 January 2002. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  9. ↑ Sacks, Frank M.; Carey, Vincent J.; Anderson, Cheryl A. M.; Miller, Edgar R.; Copeland, Trisha; Charleston, Jeanne; Harshfield, Benjamin J.; Laranjo, Nancy; McCarron, Phyllis; Swain, Janis; White, Karen; Yee, Karen; Appel, Lawrence J. (17 December 2014). "Effects of High vs Low Glycemic Index of Dietary Carbohydrate on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Insulin Sensitivity". JAMA. 312 (23): 2531–41. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.16658. PMC   4370345 . PMID   25514303.
  10. ↑ Gholipour, Bahar (17 December 2014). "'Bad carbs' may not be that bad". Fox News. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  11. ↑ "IOM Elects 70 New Members, 10 Foreign Associates". Institute of Medicine. 15 October 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.