Lead apatite

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Lead apatite is a generic name for apatite-structure materials that contain lead as the divalent cation. A Copper-doped lead-apatite has been proposed as a room-temperature superconductor. A number of minerals are known. All have a hexagonal crystal structure.

Minerals

nameformulaunit cell Åa : cvolumedensityreference
Fluorpyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Fa = 9.779 c = 7.2411 : 0.74599.68 [1]
Pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cla = 9.987 c = 7.331 : 0.734633.157.04 [2]
Pyromorphite-171694.jpg
Hydroxylpyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3OHa = 9.787 c = 7.3071: 0.747606.137.32 [3]
Oxypyromorphite Pb10(PO4)6O [4]
Mimetite Pb5(AsO4)3Cla = 10.250 c = 7.4541 : 0.727678.227.24 [5]
Mimetite-176701.jpg
Pb5(AsO4)3OHa = 10.1266 c = 7.50101 : 0.741666.16 [6]
Vanadinite Pb5(VO4)3Cla = 10.3174 c = 7.33781 : 0.711676.456.88 [7]
Vanadinite-lth30x.jpg
Germanate-pyromorphitePb5(PO4)2GeO4 [8]
Phosphohedyphane Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cla = 9.857 Å, c = 7.131 : 0.723599.95.92 [9]
Phosphohedyphane-86748.jpg
HedyphaneCa2Pb3(AsO4)3Cla = 10.14 c = 7.1851 : 0.798639.785.82 [10]
Hedyphane-719079.jpg
HydroxylhedyphaneCa2Pb3(AsO4)3(OH)a = 10.0414 c = 7.27521 : 0.725635.28 [11] ?
Vanackerite Pb4Cd(AsO4)3Cla = 10.0279 c = 7.29651 : 0.728635.437.28 [12]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apatite</span> Mineral group, calcium phosphate

Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH, F and Cl ion, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common endmembers is written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F,Cl)2, and the crystal unit cell formulae of the individual minerals are written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca10(PO4)6F2 and Ca10(PO4)6Cl2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanadinite</span> Apatite supergroup, vanadate mineral

Vanadinite is a mineral belonging to the apatite group of phosphates, with the chemical formula Pb5(VO4)3Cl. It is one of the main industrial ores of the metal vanadium and a minor source of lead. A dense, brittle mineral, it is usually found in the form of red hexagonal crystals. It is an uncommon mineral, formed by the oxidation of lead ore deposits such as galena. First discovered in 1801 in Mexico, vanadinite deposits have since been unearthed in South America, Europe, Africa, and North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Campylite</span>

Campylite is a variety of the lead arsenate mineral mimetite which received the name from the Greek 'kampylos'- bent, on account of the barrel-shaped bend of its crystals. It has also been used as an alternate name for pyromorphite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyromorphite</span>

Pyromorphite is a mineral species composed of lead chlorophosphate: Pb5(PO4)3Cl, sometimes occurring in sufficient abundance to be mined as an ore of lead. Crystals are common, and have the form of a hexagonal prism terminated by the basal planes, sometimes combined with narrow faces of a hexagonal pyramid. Crystals with a barrel-like curvature are not uncommon. Globular and reniform masses are also found. It is part of a series with two other minerals: mimetite (Pb5(AsO4)3Cl) and vanadinite (Pb5(VO4)3Cl), the resemblance in external characters is so close that, as a rule, it is only possible to distinguish between them by chemical tests. They were formerly confused under the names green lead ore and brown lead ore (German: Grünbleierz and Braunbleierz).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mimetite</span> Lead arsenate chloride mineral

Mimetite is a lead arsenate chloride mineral (Pb5(AsO4)3Cl) which forms as a secondary mineral in lead deposits, usually by the oxidation of galena and arsenopyrite. The name derives from the Greek Μιμητής mimetes, meaning "imitator" and refers to mimetite's resemblance to the mineral pyromorphite. This resemblance is not coincidental, as mimetite forms a mineral series with pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3Cl) and with vanadinite (Pb5(VO4)3Cl). Notable occurrences are Mapimi, Durango, Mexico and Tsumeb, Namibia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wavellite</span> Aluminium phosphate basic hydrate mineral

Wavellite is an aluminium basic phosphate mineral with formula Al3(PO4)2(OH, F)3·5H2O. Distinct crystals are rare, and it normally occurs as translucent green radial or spherical clusters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Descloizite</span> Mineral

Descloizite is a rare mineral species consisting of basic lead and zinc vanadate, (Pb, Zn)2(OH)VO4, crystallizing in the orthorhombic crystal system and isomorphous with olivenite. Appreciable gallium and germanium may also be incorporated into the crystal structure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vauquelinite</span>

Vauquelinite is a complex mineral with the formula CuPb2(CrO4)(PO4)(OH) making it a combined chromate and phosphate of copper and lead. It forms a series with the arsenate mineral fornacite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stolzite</span>

Stolzite is a mineral, a lead tungstate; with the formula PbWO4. It is similar to, and often associated with, wulfenite which is the same chemical formula except that the tungsten is replaced by molybdenum. Stolzite crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and is dimorphous with the monoclinic form raspite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dundasite</span>

Dundasite is a rare lead aluminium carbonate mineral. The mineral is named after the type locality, Dundas, Tasmania, Australia. The mineral was first discovered in the Adelaide Proprietary Mine. Dundasite was first described by William Frederick Petterd in 1893.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pseudomalachite</span>

Pseudomalachite is a phosphate of copper with hydroxyl, named from the Greek for “false” and “malachite”, because of its similarity in appearance to the carbonate mineral malachite, Cu2(CO3)(OH)2. Both are green coloured secondary minerals found in oxidised zones of copper deposits, often associated with each other. Pseudomalachite is polymorphous with reichenbachite and ludjibaite. It was discovered in 1813. Prior to 1950 it was thought that dihydrite, lunnite, ehlite, tagilite and prasin were separate mineral species, but Berry analysed specimens labelled with these names from several museums, and found that they were in fact pseudomalachite. The old names are no longer recognised by the IMA.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plumbogummite</span> Alunite supergroup, phosphate mineral

Plumbogummite is a rare secondary lead phosphate mineral, belonging to the alunite supergroup of minerals, crandallite subgroup. Some other members of this subgroup are:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tsumebite</span>

Tsumebite is a rare phosphate mineral named in 1912 after the locality where it was first found, the Tsumeb mine in Namibia, well known to mineral collectors for the wide range of minerals found there. Tsumebite is a compound phosphate and sulfate of lead and copper, with hydroxyl, formula Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH). There is a similar mineral called arsentsumebite, where the phosphate group PO4 is replaced by the arsenate group AsO4, giving the formula Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH). Both minerals are members of the brackebuschite group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mendipite</span> Oxyhalide of lead. Rare mineral found in the Mendip Hills

Mendipite is a rare mineral that was named in 1939 for the locality where it is found, the Mendip Hills in Somerset, England. It is an oxyhalide of lead with formula Pb3Cl2O2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wheal Alfred</span>

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mottramite</span>

Mottramite is an orthorhombic anhydrous vanadate hydroxide mineral, PbCu(VO4)(OH), at the copper end of the descloizite subgroup. It was formerly called cuprodescloizite or psittacinite (this mineral characterized in 1868 by Frederick Augustus Genth). Duhamelite is a calcium- and bismuth-bearing variety of mottramite, typically with acicular habit.

Svabite is a arsenate mineral. The mineral is rare and is also a member of the Apatite group.

References

  1. "Fluorpyromorphite" . Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  2. "Pyromorphite".
  3. "Hydroxylpyromorphite".
  4. "Oxypyromorphite" . Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  5. "Mimetite" . Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  6. "Unnamed (OH-analogue of Mimetite)".
  7. "Vanadinite".
  8. "Germanate-pyromorphite".
  9. "Phosphohedyphane".
  10. "Hedyphane".
  11. "Hydroxylhedyphane".
  12. "Vanackerite".