Text | Evangelistarion |
---|---|
Date | 7th/8th century |
Script | Coptic / Greek diglot |
Now at | University of Michigan |
Size | 32.5 by 28 cm |
Lectionary 1614, designated by ℓ1614 in the Gregory-Aland numbering. It is a Coptic/Greek Bilingual manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves, dated paleographically to the 7th or 8th century. [1]
A manuscript was, traditionally, any document that is written by hand -- or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten -- as opposed to being mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has come to be understood to further include any written, typed, or word-processed copy of an author's work, as distinguished from its rendition as a printed version of the same. Before the arrival of printing, all documents and books were manuscripts. Manuscripts are not defined by their contents, which may combine writing with mathematical calculations, maps, explanatory figures or illustrations. Manuscripts may be in book form, scrolls or in codex format. Illuminated manuscripts are enriched with pictures, border decorations, elaborately embossed initial letters or full-page illustrations. A document should be at least 75 years old to be considered a manuscript.
The New Testament is the second part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible. The New Testament discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity. Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as sacred scripture. The New Testament has frequently accompanied the spread of Christianity around the world. It reflects and serves as a source for Christian theology and morality. Extended readings and phrases directly from the New Testament are incorporated into the various Christian liturgies. The New Testament has influenced religious, philosophical, and political movements in Christendom and left an indelible mark on literature, art, and music.
The codex contains some Lessons from the four Gospels lectionary (Evangelistarium) (Luke 1:39–56 [Greek] Luke 1:39–56 [Coptic]; Mark 4:23—5:16; Matt 25:3–13 [Coptic]; Luke 1:39–48 [Coptic]). It additionally contains some non-biblical text in Greek and Coptic. It is written in Greek Uncial letters, on 4 leaves (32.5 by 28 cm), 2 columns per page, 33 lines per page.
A lectionary is a book or listing that contains a collection of scripture readings appointed for Christian or Judaic worship on a given day or occasion. There are sub-types such as a "gospel lectionary" or evangeliary, and an epistolary with the readings from the New Testament Epistles.
The codex is now located in the University of Michigan (MS. 124) in Ann Arbor. [1]
The University of Michigan, often simply referred to as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The university is Michigan's oldest; it was founded in 1817 in Detroit, as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, 20 years before the territory became a state. The school was moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres (16 ha) of what is now known as Central Campus. Since its establishment in Ann Arbor, the university campus has expanded to include more than 584 major buildings with a combined area of more than 34 million gross square feet spread out over a Central Campus and North Campus, two regional campuses in Flint and Dearborn, and a Center in Detroit. The university is a founding member of the Association of American Universities.
Ann Arbor is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. The 2010 census recorded its population to be 113,934, making it the sixth largest city in Michigan.
There have been many Coptic versions of the Bible, including some of the earliest translations into any language. Several different versions were made in the ancient world, with different editions of the Old and New Testament in all four of the major dialects of Coptic: Bohairic (northern), Fayyumic, Sahidic (southern), Akhmimic, and Mesokemic. Biblical books were translated from the Alexandrian Greek version.
Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants in either manuscripts or printed books. Scribes can make alterations when copying manuscripts by hand. Given a manuscript copy, several or many copies, but not the original document, the textual critic might seek to reconstruct the original text as closely as possible. The same processes can be used to attempt to reconstruct intermediate versions, or recensions, of a document's transcription history. The objective of the textual critic's work is a better understanding of the creation and historical transmission of texts. This understanding may lead to the production of a "critical edition" containing a scholarly curated text.
Lectionary 1602, designated by ℓ1602 in the Gregory-Aland numbering, is a Coptic–Greek bilingual manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves, dated paleographically to the 8th century.
Lectionary 21, designated by siglum ℓ21. It is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th-century.
Minuscule 236, ε 358 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia.
Lectionary 38, designated by siglum ℓ38. It is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th-century. Formerly it was labelled as 5a.
Lectionary 39, designated by siglum ℓ39, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th-century.
Lectionary 103, designated by siglum ℓ103 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th-century.
Lectionary 109, designated by siglum ℓ109 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th-century.
Lectionary 125, designated by siglum ℓ125 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.
Lectionary 134, designated by siglum ℓ134 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.
Lectionary 143, designated by siglum ℓ143 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 8th-century.
Lectionary 155, designated by siglum ℓ155 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.
Lectionary 184, designated by siglum ℓ184 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Westcott and Hort labelled it by 39e, Scrivener by 259e. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1319.
Lectionary 182, designated by siglum ℓ182 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century. Scrivener labelled it as Lectionary 233evl. The manuscript is very lacunose, only three leaves of the codex have survived.
Lectionary 191, designated by siglum ℓ191 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. Scrivener labelled it by 263evl.
Lectionary 227, designated by siglum ℓ227 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. Scrivener labelled it by 250evl. Many leaves of the manuscript were lost, some leave have survived in a fragmentary condition.
Lectionary 234, designated by siglum ℓ234 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. Scrivener labelled it by 235evl. Some leaves of the codex were lost.
Lectionary 296 (Gregory-Aland), designated by siglum ℓ296 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century. The manuscript is very lacunose.
Lectionary 309 (Gregory-Aland), designated by siglum ℓ309 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century. The manuscript is lacunose.
Lectionary 311 (Gregory-Aland), designated by siglum ℓ311 is a bilingual Greek–Arabic manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript has survived in a fragmentary condition.
Lectionary 313 (Gregory-Aland), designated by siglum ℓ313 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th-century. The manuscript has survived in a fragmentary condition.