Lectionary 283

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Lectionary ℓ283

New Testament manuscript

Text Evangelistarium
Date 11th century
Script Greek
Now at Biblioteca Communale (Siena)
Size 36.5 cm by 30.5 cm
Type Byzantine text-type
Note musical notes

Lectionary 283, designated by siglum ℓ283 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. [1] [2] Scrivener labelled it as 162e. [3]

Greek language language spoken in Greece, Cyprus and Southern Albania

Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea. It has the longest documented history of any living Indo-European language, spanning more than 3000 years of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history; other systems, such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary, were used previously. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems.

Manuscript document written by hand

A manuscript was, traditionally, any document that is written by hand -- or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten -- as opposed to being mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has come to be understood to further include any written, typed, or word-processed copy of an author's work, as distinguished from its rendition as a printed version of the same. Before the arrival of printing, all documents and books were manuscripts. Manuscripts are not defined by their contents, which may combine writing with mathematical calculations, maps, explanatory figures or illustrations. Manuscripts may be in book form, scrolls or in codex format. Illuminated manuscripts are enriched with pictures, border decorations, elaborately embossed initial letters or full-page illustrations. A document should be at least 75 years old to be considered a manuscript.

New Testament Second division of the Christian biblical canon

The New Testament is the second part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible. The New Testament discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity. Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as sacred scripture. The New Testament has frequently accompanied the spread of Christianity around the world. It reflects and serves as a source for Christian theology and morality. Extended readings and phrases directly from the New Testament are incorporated into the various Christian liturgies. The New Testament has influenced religious, philosophical, and political movements in Christendom and left an indelible mark on literature, art, and music.

Contents

The manuscript has complex contents, without any lacunae. [1]

Lacuna (manuscripts) gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work

A lacuna is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work. A manuscript, text, or section suffering from gaps is said to be "lacunose" or "lacunulose". Some books intentionally add lacunas to be filled in by the owner, often as a game or to encourage children to create their own stories.

Description

The codex contains lessons from the Gospel of John, Matthew, and Luke (Evangelistarium). [4] The manuscript contains weekday Gospel lessons. [1]

Gospel of John Books of the New Testament

The Gospel of John is the fourth of the canonical gospels. The work is anonymous, although it identifies an unnamed "disciple whom Jesus loved" as the source of its traditions. It is closely related in style and content to the three Johannine epistles, and most scholars treat the four books, along with the Book of Revelation, as a single corpus of Johannine literature, albeit not from the same author.

Gospel of Matthew Books of the New Testament

The Gospel According to Matthew is the first book of the New Testament and one of the three synoptic gospels. It tells how the promised Messiah, Jesus, rejected by Israel, finally sends the disciples to preach the gospel to the whole world. Most scholars believe it was composed between AD 80 and 90, with a range of possibility between AD 70 to 110. The anonymous author was probably a male Jew, standing on the margin between traditional and non-traditional Jewish values, and familiar with technical legal aspects of scripture being debated in his time. Writing in a polished Semitic "synagogue Greek", he drew on three main sources: the Gospel of Mark, the hypothetical collection of sayings known as the Q source, and material unique to his own community, called the M source or "Special Matthew".

Gospel of Luke Books of the New Testament

The Gospel According to Luke, also called the Gospel of Luke, or simply Luke, is the third of the four canonical Gospels. It tells of the origins, birth, ministry, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ.

The text is written in Greek minuscule letters, on 313 parchment leaves (36.5 cm by 30.5 cm), in two columns per page, 23 lines per page. [1] The large initial letters are decorated. [4]

The first five columns of the manuscript are written in gold. [3] It contains musical notes and pictures. [4]

The text of Christ's agony at Gethsemane (Luke 22:43-44) is marked by an obelus as a doubtful. [4]

An obelus is a symbol consisting of a short horizontal line with a dot above and another dot below, and in other uses it is a symbol resembling a small dagger. In mathematics it is mainly used to represent the mathematical operation of division. It is therefore commonly called the division sign. In editing texts an obelus takes the form of a dagger mark (†) and is used as a reference mark, or to indicate that a person is dead, and often used to indicate a footnote.

History

Scrivener and Gregory dated the manuscript to the 11th or 12th century. [3] [4] It has been assigned by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research (INTF) to the 11th century. [1] [2]

According to the note on the page 288 the manuscript was bought in Constantinople by Peter, merchant from Florence, who was agent of the Emperor John Cantacuzenus (1341-1355). Andrew di Grazia, curator of the hospital of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena bought it in 1359 and it was housed in this hospital. In 1785 it came to the library Communale in Siena. [4]

The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (number 162e) and Gregory (number 283e). Gregory saw the manuscript in 1886. [4]

The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3). [5]

The codex is housed at the Biblioteca Communale (X. IV. 1) in Siena. [1] [2]

See also

Notes and references

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aland, Kurt; M. Welte; B. Köster; K. Junack (1994). Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 236. ISBN   3-11-011986-2.
  2. 1 2 3 Handschriftenliste at the INTF
  3. 1 2 3 Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. 1 (4th ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 338.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments, Vol. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung. p. 411.
  5. ↑ The Greek New Testament, ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, United Bible Societies, 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), pp. XXVIII, XXX.

Bibliography


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