Lectionary 98

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Lectionary ℓ98

New Testament manuscript

Text Evangelistarion
Date 15th-century
Script Greek
Now at Bibliothèque nationale de France
Size 22.9 cm by 17.3 cm

Lectionary 98, designated by siglum ℓ98 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th-century. [1] In some parts it is a double palimpsest.

Manuscript document written by hand

A manuscript was, traditionally, any document that is written by hand -- or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten -- as opposed to being mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has come to be understood to further include any written, typed, or word-processed copy of an author's work, as distinguished from its rendition as a printed version of the same. Before the arrival of printing, all documents and books were manuscripts. Manuscripts are not defined by their contents, which may combine writing with mathematical calculations, maps, explanatory figures or illustrations. Manuscripts may be in book form, scrolls or in codex format. Illuminated manuscripts are enriched with pictures, border decorations, elaborately embossed initial letters or full-page illustrations. A document should be at least 75 years old to be considered a manuscript.

New Testament Second division of the Christian biblical canon

The New Testament is the second part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible. The New Testament discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity. Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as sacred scripture. The New Testament has frequently accompanied the spread of Christianity around the world. It reflects and serves as a source for Christian theology and morality. Extended readings and phrases directly from the New Testament are incorporated into the various Christian liturgies. The New Testament has influenced religious, philosophical, and political movements in Christendom and left an indelible mark on literature, art, and music.

Palaeography study of ancient writing

Palaeography (UK) or paleography is the study of ancient and historical handwriting. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of scriptoria.

Contents

Description

The codex is an Euchologium with lessons from the Gospels John, Matthew, and Luke lectionary (Evangelistarion) with some lacunae. It is written in Greek minuscule letters, on 196 parchment leaves (22.9 cm by 17.3 cm). The writings stands in one column per page, 21-22 lines per page. [2] It contains part of the Pericope Adulterae (John 8:3-11). [2]

Gospel of John Books of the New Testament

The Gospel of John is the fourth of the canonical gospels. The work is anonymous, although it identifies an unnamed "disciple whom Jesus loved" as the source of its traditions. It is closely related in style and content to the three Johannine epistles, and most scholars treat the four books, along with the Book of Revelation, as a single corpus of Johannine literature, albeit not from the same author.

Gospel of Matthew Books of the New Testament

The Gospel According to Matthew is the first book of the New Testament and one of the three synoptic gospels. It tells how the promised Messiah, Jesus, rejected by Israel, finally sends the disciples to preach the gospel to the whole world. Most scholars believe it was composed between AD 80 and 90, with a range of possibility between AD 70 to 110. The anonymous author was probably a male Jew, standing on the margin between traditional and non-traditional Jewish values, and familiar with technical legal aspects of scripture being debated in his time. Writing in a polished Semitic "synagogue Greek", he drew on three main sources: the Gospel of Mark, the hypothetical collection of sayings known as the Q source, and material unique to his own community, called the M source or "Special Matthew".

Gospel of Luke Books of the New Testament

The Gospel According to Luke, also called the Gospel of Luke, or simply Luke, is the third of the four canonical Gospels. It tells of the origins, birth, ministry, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ.

It is a palimpsest. The lower text was written in Greek. It contains Menaion. [1] Some portions were even twice overwritten (in Latin). [2]

Palimpsest manuscript page thats been used multiple times

In textual studies, a palimpsest is a manuscript page, either from a scroll or a book, from which the text has been scraped or washed off so that the page can be reused for another document. Pergamene was made of lamb, calf, or goat kid skin and was expensive and not readily available, so in the interest of economy a pergamene often was re-used by scraping the previous writing. In colloquial usage, the term palimpsest is also used in architecture, archaeology, and geomorphology to denote an object made or worked upon for one purpose and later reused for another, for example a monumental brass the reverse blank side of which has been re-engraved.

Menaion

The Menaion is the liturgical book used by the Eastern Orthodox Church containing the propers for fixed dates of the calendar year, i.e. entities not dependent of the date of Pascha.

History

The manuscript was written in the West. [2] It once belonged to Cardinal Mazarin. [3] It was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz, [4] who examined it partially. It was examined and described by Paulin Martin. [5] C. R. Gregory saw it in 1885. [2]

Cardinal Mazarin Catholic cardinal

Cardinal Jules Mazarin, born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino[ˈdʒuːljo raiˈmondo madːzaˈriːno] or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and politician, who served as the chief minister to the kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 until his death. In 1654 he acquired the title Duke of Mayenne, and in 1659, 1st Duke of Rethel and Nevers.

Johann Martin Augustin Scholz German orientalist and biblical scholar

Johann Martin Augustin Scholz was a German Roman Catholic orientalist, biblical scholar and academic theologian. He was a professor at the University of Bonn and travelled extensively throughout Europe and the Near East in order to locate manuscripts of the New Testament.

Jean-Pierre-Paulin Martin, often referred to as Abbé Paulin Martin, or simply Abbé Martin or Paulin Martin, was a French Catholic Biblical scholar.

The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3). [6]

Currently the codex is located in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gr. 377) in Paris. [1]

Bibliothèque nationale de France National Library of France

The Bibliothèque nationale de France is the national library of France, located in Paris. It is the national repository of all that is published in France and also holds extensive historical collections.

Paris Capital of France

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of 105 square kilometres and an official estimated population of 2,140,526 residents as of 1 January 2019. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts.

See also

Related Research Articles

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Lectionary 91, designated by siglum ℓ91, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century.

Lectionary 65, designated by siglum ℓ65, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. It is a lectionary (Evangelistarion). Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th-century.

Lectionary 66, designated by siglum ℓ66, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. It is a lectionary (Evangelistarion). Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th-century.

Lectionary 71, designated by siglum ℓ71. It is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum leaves. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1066.

Lectionary 75, designated by siglum ℓ75, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the year 12th-century.

Lectionary 77, designated by siglum ℓ77, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th-century.

Lectionary 79, designated by siglum ℓ79, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th-century. According to Scrivener it was written in the 12th-century.

Lectionary 81, designated by siglum ℓ81, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th-century.

Lectionary 83, designated by siglum ℓ83, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th-century. Scrivener dated it to the 11th-century.

Lectionary 85, designated by siglum ℓ85, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th-century.

Lectionary 95, designated by siglum ℓ95, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th-century.

Lectionary 100, designated by siglum ℓ100, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on paper leaves. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1550.

Lectionary 101, designated by siglum ℓ101, is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th-century. The manuscript has complex context.

Lectionary 136, designated by siglum ℓ136 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.

Lectionary 137, designated by siglum ℓ137 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.

Lectionary 156, designated by siglum ℓ156 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.

Lectionary 234, designated by siglum ℓ234 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. Scrivener labelled it by 235evl. Some leaves of the codex were lost.

Lectionary 252, designated by siglum ℓ252 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener labelled it as 195evl.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Aland, Kurt; M. Welte; B. Köster; K. Junack (1994). Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 224. ISBN   3-11-011986-2.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs. p. 396.
  3. ↑ Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament . 1 (4 ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 334.
  4. ↑ Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament . 1. London: George Bell & Sons. p. 331.
  5. ↑ Jean-Pierre-Paul Martin, Description technique des manuscrits grecs, relatif au Nouveau Testament, conservé dans les bibliothèques des Paris (Paris 1883), p. 162.
  6. ↑ The Greek New Testament, ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, United Bible Societies, 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), pp. XXVIII, XXX.


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