The sociology of knowledge is the study of the relationship between human thought and the social context within which it arises,and the effects that prevailing ideas have on societies. It is not a specialized area of sociology. Instead,it deals with broad fundamental questions about the extent and limits of social influences on individuals lives and the social-cultural basis of our knowledge about the world. The sociology of knowledge has a subclass and a complement. Its subclass is Sociology of scientific knowledge. Its complement is the sociology of ignorance.
Neoliberalism is a term used to signify the late 20th century political reappearance of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism after it fell into decline following the Second World War. A prominent factor in the rise of conservative and libertarian organizations,political parties,and think tanks,and predominantly advocated by them,it is generally associated with policies of economic liberalization,including privatization,deregulation,globalization,free trade,monetarism,austerity,and reductions in government spending in order to increase the role of the private sector in the economy and society. The defining features of neoliberalism in both thought and practice have been the subject of substantial scholarly debate.
Georg Simmel was a German sociologist,philosopher,and critic.
Stanley Cohen was a sociologist and criminologist,Professor of Sociology at the London School of Economics,known for breaking academic ground on "emotional management",including the mismanagement of emotions in the form of sentimentality,overreaction,and emotional denial. He had a lifelong concern with human rights violations,first growing up in South Africa,later studying imprisonment in England and finally in Palestine. He founded the Centre for the Study of Human Rights at the London School of Economics.
Economic sociology is the study of the social cause and effect of various economic phenomena. The field can be broadly divided into a classical period and a contemporary one,known as "new economic sociology".
The sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) is the study of science as a social activity,especially dealing with "the social conditions and effects of science,and with the social structures and processes of scientific activity." The sociology of scientific ignorance (SSI) is complementary to the sociology of scientific knowledge. For comparison,the sociology of knowledge studies the impact of human knowledge and the prevailing ideas on societies and relations between knowledge and the social context within which it arises.
Dorothy Edith Smith was a British-born Canadian ethnographer,feminist studies scholar,sociologist,and writer with research interests in a variety of disciplines,including women's studies,feminist theory,psychology,and educational studies,as well as in certain subfields of sociology,such as the sociology of knowledge,family studies,and methodology. Smith founded the sociological sub-disciplines of feminist standpoint theory and institutional ethnography.
Neil Joseph Smelser (1930–2017) was an American sociologist who served as professor of sociology at the University of California,Berkeley. He was an active researcher from 1958 to 1994. His research was on collective behavior,sociological theory,economic sociology,sociology of education,social change,and comparative methods. Among many lifetime achievements,Smelser "laid the foundations for economic sociology."
Philanthrocapitalism or philanthropic capitalism is a way of doing philanthropy,which mirrors the way that business is done in the for-profit world. It may involve venture philanthropy that actively invests in social programs to pursue specific philanthropic goals that would yield return on investment over the long term,or in a more passive form whereby "social investors" benefit from investing in socially-responsible programs.
Craig Jackson Calhoun is an American sociologist,currently University Professor of Social Sciences at Arizona State University. An advocate of using social science to address issues of public concern,he was the Director of the London School of Economics and Political Science from September 2012 until September 2016,after which he became the first president of the Berggruen Institute. Prior to leading LSE,Calhoun led the Social Science Research Council,and was University Professor of the Social Sciences at New York University and Director of NYU's Institute for Public Knowledge. With Richard Sennett he co-founded NYLON,an interdisciplinary working seminar for graduate students in New York and London who bring ethnographic and historical research to bear on politics,culture,and society.
T. L. Taylor is an American sociologist and professor. Taylor specialises in researching the culture of gaming and online communities,in particular,esports,live-streaming,and MMOGs such as EverQuest and World of Warcraft.
Judy Wajcman,is the Anthony Giddens Professor of Sociology at the London School of Economics and Political Science. She is the Principal Investigator of the Women in Data Science and AI project at The Alan Turing Institute. She is also a Visiting Professor at the Oxford Internet Institute. Her scholarly interests encompass the sociology of work,science and technology studies,gender theory,and organizational analysis. Her work has been translated into French,German,Greek,Italian,Korean,Japanese,Portuguese,Russian,Chinese and Spanish. Prior to joining the LSE in 2009,she was a Professor of Sociology in the Research School of Social Sciences at the Australian National University. She was the first woman to be appointed the Norman Laski Research Fellow (1978–80) at St. John's College,Cambridge. In 1997 she was elected Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia.
Modern typography was a reaction against the perceived decadence of typography and design of the late 19th century. It is mostly associated with the works of Jan Tschichold and Bauhaus typographers Herbert Bayer,LászlóMoholy-Nagy,El Lissitzky and others.
Diane Rosemary Elson is a British economist,sociologist and gender and development social scientist. She is Professor Emerita of sociology at the University of Essex and a former professor of development studies at the University of Manchester.
Critical realism is a philosophical approach to understanding science,and in particular social science,initially developed by Roy Bhaskar (1944–2014). It specifically opposes forms of empiricism and positivism by viewing science as concerned with identifying causal mechanisms. In the last decades of the twentieth century it also stood against various forms of postmodernism and poststructuralism by insisting on the reality of objective existence. In contrast to positivism's methodological foundation,and poststructuralism's epistemological foundation,critical realism insists that (social) science should be built from an explicit ontology. Critical realism is one of a range of types of philosophical realism,as well as forms of realism advocated within social science such as analytic realism and subtle realism.
Matthias Gross is a German sociologist and science studies scholar. He currently is Full Professor of Environmental Sociology at the University of Jena,and by joint appointment,at Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research –UFZ in Leipzig,Germany.
The sociology of scientific ignorance (SSI) is the study of ignorance in and of science. The most common way is to see ignorance as something relevant,rather than simply lack of knowledge. There are two distinct areas in which SSI is being studied:some focus on ignorance in scientific research,whereas other focus on public ignorance of science. Sociology of scientific ignorance is a complementary field to the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK).
Clifton D. Bryant was an American sociologist and Professor of Sociology at Virginia Tech,College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences. He was particularly noted for detecting "carnal computer and erotic cyberspace as an emerging research frontier" and his 1999 paper on "propagandizing pederasty."
Miriam A. Glucksmann FBA is a British sociologist and academic,emeritus professor of sociology at the University of Essex,and visiting professor of sociology at the London School of Economics.
Clive L. Spash is an ecological economist. He currently holds the Chair of Public Policy and Governance at Vienna University of Economics and Business,appointed in 2010. He is also Editor-in-Chief of the academic journal Environmental Values.
