The Linz sisters, Viktoria, Katharina, and Elisabeth, are three women whose mother gradually withdrew them from school by creating and reinforcing a story that their father was a monster, to the extent that they believed they must absolutely avoid him. [1] This resulted in the children increasingly remaining indoors in a house of incredible filth [1] for seven years (1998–2005). They are known as the Linz sisters because the case took place in Gramastetten near Linz, Austria. Early media reports that the mother had kept the children prisoner and that they had invented a language [2] [3] [4] were contradicted by a special report in Le Figaro . [1] In that report, Margareth Tews, the tutor of the youngest two, stated they were busy re-accustomising them to the presence of their father.
The mother of the three sisters gained custody of them following her divorce at the age of 53. Afterwards, she suffered a mental breakdown. Le Figaro reported that the children, then aged 7, 11, and 13, gradually became absent from school, and they remained at home of their own accord [1] in a smart, upper middle-class suburb. When they were discovered, the house had no running water [3] and was filled with waste and excrement. [1] The mother was said to have been summoned to court nine times during the seven years after complaints were made by the father, who was then a second magistrate of the court of appeal at Linz, and by neighbours, but officials were never persuaded to investigate the case more closely.
Official records, such as those made available to a wider public by the Austrian Parliament and by local education authorities following the outcry after initial publication of the case, show that the sisters were frequently absent from school but took part in school events: Elisabeth until 2000, Katharina until 2003, and Viktoria until 2005. [5] [6]
In November 2007, the mother Ingrid L. was found guilty of child neglect by the Carinthian State Court and sentenced to indefinite detention at a facility for dangerously disturbed offenders. [7] The Supreme Court overturned the conviction in May of the following year and ruled on 26 October 2008 that the mother be released, with court psychiatrist Reinhard Haller testifying that she would neither pose a danger to society nor would there exist any danger of her again committing acts of a similar nature, given that she did not retain, and would never again have, custody of her children. [8]
Linz is the capital of Upper Austria and third-largest city in Austria. Located on the river Danube, the city is in the far north of Austria, 30 km (19 mi) south of the border with the Czech Republic. As of 1 January 2024, the city has a population of 212,538. It is the 7th largest of all cities on the Danube river.
Clemens Wenzeslaus Brentano was a German poet and novelist, and a major figure of German Romanticism. He was the uncle, via his brother Christian, of Franz and Lujo Brentano.
Princess Sophie of Bavaria was the daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his second wife, Caroline of Baden. The identical twin sister of Queen Maria Anna of Saxony, Sophie became Archduchess of Austria by marriage to Archduke Franz Karl of Austria. Her eldest son, Franz Joseph, reigned as Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary; her second son, Maximilian, briefly reigned as Emperor of Mexico.
Princess Ileana of Romania, also known as Mother Alexandra, was the youngest daughter of King Ferdinand I of Romania and his consort, Queen Marie of Romania. She was a great-granddaughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia, King Ferdinand II, Queen Maria II of Portugal, and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She was born as Her Royal Highness Princess Ileana of Romania, Princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.
Anton "Toni" Polster is an Austrian professional football coach and former player. He is the all-time leading goalscorer for the Austria national team with 44 goals and was known to fans as "Toni Doppelpack" – "Toni Brace" because of his tendency to score twice in a match.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights in Austria have advanced significantly in the 21st century, and are now considered generally progressive. Both male and female forms of same-sex sexual activity are legal in Austria. Registered partnerships were introduced in 2010, giving same-sex couples some of the rights of marriage. Stepchild adoption was legalised in 2013, while full joint adoption was legalised by the Constitutional Court of Austria in 2016. On 5 December 2017, the Austrian Constitutional Court decided to legalise same-sex marriage, and the ruling went into effect on 1 January 2019.
Princess Victoria Margaret of Prussia was a member of the House of Hohenzollern. She was the eldest daughter of Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia and his wife Princess Louise Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. She married Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss of Köstritz and had two children.
Katharina Thalbach is a German actress and stage director. She played theatre at the Berliner Ensemble and at the Volksbühne Berlin, and was actress in the film The Tin Drum. She worked as a theatre and opera director.
The Cross of Honour of the German Mother, referred to colloquially as the Mutterehrenkreuz or simply Mutterkreuz, was a state decoration conferred by the government of Nazi Germany to honour a German-citizen mother for exceptional merit to the German nation. Eligibility later extended to include ethnic German ('Volksdeutsche') mothers from, for example, Austria and Sudetenland, that had earlier been incorporated into the German Reich. Under the Nuremberg laws, German Jews and those of partial Jewish ancestry were not considered full citizens and were not elegible for the Cross of Honour.
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Austria since 1 January 2019. On 4 December 2017, the Constitutional Court ruled that the non-discrimination and equality provisions of the Constitution of Austria guarantee same-sex couples the right to marry. The decision took effect on 1 January 2019, making Austria the 24th country in the world and the fifteenth in Europe to allow same-sex couples to marry nationwide. Polling indicates that a majority of Austrians support the legal recognition of same-sex marriage.
Katharina Kepler was a woman from Leonberg, Württemberg, who was the mother of the famous astronomer Johannes Kepler. She was accused of witchcraft in 1615, but was defended by her son and released.
Duchess Helene in Bavaria, nicknamed Néné, was the Hereditary Princess of Thurn and Taxis as the wife of Maximilian Anton Lamoral. She was a Duchess in Bavaria by birth as the daughter of Duke Maximilian Joseph and Princess Ludovika. She was temporarily the head of the Thurn and Taxis family.
Angela Winkler is a German actress.
Archduke Hubert Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany was a member of the Tuscan line of the House of Habsburg and Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany by birth.
Elisabeth of Brandenburg was a Duchess consort of Brunswick-Göttingen-Calenberg by marriage to Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and Regent of the Duchy of Brunswick-Göttingen-Calenberg during the minority of her son, Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, from 1540 until 1545. She is considered a "Reformation Princess", who, together with the Hessian reformer Anton Corvinus, helped the Reformation prevail in today's South Lower Saxony.
Trams in Linz is a network of tramways forming the backbone of the urban public transport system in Linz, which is the capital city of the federal state of Upper Austria in Austria.
The Donausteig is a hiking trail that passes through parts of Bavaria and Austria. Since the summer of 2010, the trail follows both banks of the Danube, from Passau via Linz up to St. Nikola and Grein.
Katharina Elisabeth Schulze is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a member of the State Parliament of Bavaria (Landtag) since 2013. Along with Ludwig Hartmann, she was one of the two leading candidates of her party in the 2018 Bavarian state election. Since 2019, she has been part of her party's national leadership, under co-chairs Annalena Baerbock and Robert Habeck.
Rosa Hofmann was an Austrian Communist Youth leader who became a resistance activist during the 1930s. In 1943, she was arrested and taken to Berlin where she faced trial, conviction and execution.
Contrairement à certaines versions, Mme Mittermayer n'a jamais séquestré ses filles en leur interdisant de sortir. ... Il y avait les excréments du chien, du chat et ceux des rats qui infestaient la maison, raconte un policier. L'odeur était insoutenable
entwickelten sogar ihre eigene Sprache