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Lise Meitner was an Austrian-Swedish physicist who was one of those responsible for the discovery of the element protactinium and nuclear fission. While working on radioactivity at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Chemistry in Berlin, she discovered the radioactive isotope protactinium-231 in 1917. In 1938, Meitner and her nephew, the physicist Otto Robert Frisch, discovered nuclear fission. She was praised by Albert Einstein as the "German Marie Curie".
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G. Norris Glasoe was an American nuclear physicist. He was a member of the Columbia University team which was the first in the United States to verify the European discovery of the nuclear fission of uranium via neutron bombardment. During World War II, he worked at the MIT Radiation Laboratory. He was a physicist and administrator at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.
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Gottfried Freiherr von Droste (1908–1992), a.k.a. Gottfried Freiherr von Droste zu Vischering-Padberg, was a German physical chemist. He worked at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry (KWIC). He independently predicted that nuclear fission would release a large amount of energy. During World War II, he participated in the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranverein. In the latter years of the war, he worked at the Reich's University of Strassburg. After the war, he worked at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (Federal Physical and Technical Institute and also held a position at the Technical University of Braunschweig.
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Johanna Barbara Stachel is a German nuclear physicist. She is a professor in experimental physics at the University of Heidelberg. Stachel is a former president of the German Physical Society (DPG).
James Philip "Phil" Elliott was a British theoretical nuclear physicist.
The Lise Meitner Lectures (LML) are a series of public lectures in honour of Lise Meitner. The lectures are organized jointly by the German Physical Society and the Austrian Physical Society, with the intention to showcase outstanding female scientists in physics or related fields. The annual lecture series was launched in 2008, when Lise Meitner's birthday celebrated its 130th anniversary. In October 2008, the Lise Meitner Lecture was held in Vienna and Berlin with an accompanying exhibition. The annual lecture series not only aims at increasing the visibility of successful female researchers, but also at encouraging girls and young women towards careers in physics.
Nuclear fission was discovered in December 1938 by chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann and physicists Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch. Fission is a nuclear reaction or radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei and often other particles. The fission process often produces gamma rays and releases a very large amount of energy, even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay. Scientists already knew about alpha decay and beta decay, but fission assumed great importance because the discovery that a nuclear chain reaction was possible led to the development of nuclear power and nuclear weapons. Hahn was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of nuclear fission.
David Maurice Brink was an Australian-British nuclear physicist. He is known for the Axel-Brink hypothesis.
Peter John Twin is a British experimental nuclear physicist. He is known for his research into the structure of atomic nuclei, based upon his pioneering work on techniques of gamma ray spectroscopy and, specifically, the Total Energy Suppression Shield Array (TESSA).
Reinhard Stock is a German experimental physicist, specializing in heavy-ion physics.
References
- ↑ "EPS Nuclear Physics Division - Lise Meitner Prize". European Physical Society (EPS). 29 August 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ↑ "2020 Lise Meitner Prize to Klaus Blaum, Björn Jonson, Piet Van Duppen". European Physical Society (EPS). 8 October 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
- ↑ "2018 Lise Meitner Prize for Nuclear Science | e-EPS". www.epsnews.eu. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
- ↑ "Prof. Ulf-G. Meißner wins the 2016 EPS Lise Meitner Prize". European Physical Society (EPS). 17 May 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
- ↑ "EPS Nuclear Physics Division: the Lise Meitner Prize 2014 is awarded". European Physical Society (EPS). 4 July 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
- ↑ Evans, Tony (20 January 2009). "Obituary: Phil Elliott". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 October 2018.