Wilhelm Heinrich Otto Dix was a German painter and printmaker, noted for his ruthless and harshly realistic depictions of German society during the Weimar Republic and the brutality of war. Along with George Grosz and Max Beckmann, he is widely considered one of the most important artists of the Neue Sachlichkeit.
Max Ernst was a German painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism in Europe. He had no formal artistic training, but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottage—a technique that uses pencil rubbings of textured objects and relief surfaces to create images—and grattage, an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath. Ernst is noted for his unconventional drawing methods as well as for creating novels and pamphlets using the method of collages. He served as a soldier for four years during World War I, and this experience left him shocked, traumatised and critical of the modern world. During World War II he was designated an "undesirable foreigner" while living in France.
Paula Modersohn-Becker was a German Expressionist painter of the late 19th and early 20th century. She is noted for the many self-portraits the artist produced, including nude self-portraits. She is considered one of the most important representatives of early expressionism, producing more than 700 paintings and over 1000 drawings during her active painting life. She is recognized both as the first known woman painter to paint nude self-portraits, and the first woman to have a museum devoted exclusively to her art. Additionally, she is considered to be the first woman artist to depict herself both pregnant and nude and pregnant.
Anna Justine Mahler was an Austrian sculptor.
Werner Peiner was a German painter. He was first influenced by realism, and later by New Objectivity, but he would become known as one of the most talented official painters of the Third Reich.
Marianne von Werefkin was a Russian artist, whose work is celebrated as a central part of German Expressionism.
Isabel Rawsthorne, also known at various times as Isabel Delmer and Isabel Lambert, was a British painter, scenery and costume designer, and occasional artists' model. During the Second World War she worked in black propaganda. She was part of an artistic bohemian society that included Jacob Epstein, Alberto Giacometti and Francis Bacon.
Francis Newton Souza was an artist of modern Indian painting, a founding member of the Bombay Progressive Artists' Group his style exhibited both decadence and primitivism.
Otto Stark was an American Impressionist painter, muralist, commercial artist, printmaker, and illustrator from Indianapolis, Indiana, who is best known as one of the five Hoosier Group artists. Stark's work clearly showed the influence of Impressionism, and he often featured children in his work. To provide a sufficient income for his family, Stark worked full time as supervisor of art at Emmerich Manual High School in Indianapolis from 1899 to his retirement in 1919, and as part-time art instructor on the faculty of the John Herron Art Institute from 1905 to 1919. Stark frequently exhibited his paintings at international, national, regional, and local exhibitions, including the Paris Salon of 1886 and 1887; the Five Hoosier Painters exhibition (1894) in Chicago, Illinois; the Trans-Mississippi Exposition (1898) in Omaha, Nebraska; the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904) in Saint Louis, Missouri; and international expositions (1910) in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Santiago, Chile. He also supervised the Indiana exhibition at the Panama-Pacific International Exhibition (1915) in San Francisco, California. Stark remained an active artist and member of the Indianapolis arts community until his death in 1926.
Otto Freundlich was a German painter and sculptor of Jewish origin. A part of the first generation of abstract painters in Western art, Freundlich was a great admirer of cubism. He was murdered at Majdanek concentration camp during the Holocaust.
Werner Schramm (1898–1970) was a German painter. He was born as a son of merchants in Duisburg, Germany. After a classical education, he entered the School of Decorative Arts in Düsseldorf. In 1919 he began painting again after having been interrupted by the First World War. He was influenced by German Expressionism and also by the first expressions of abstract art. The discovery of the Isenheim Altarpiece of Matthias Grünewald, which was temporarily exhibited at the Munich Pinacothek, was a revelation to him and he started his first attempts in Renaissance techniques: a well-performed drawing on a priming of chalk or plaster with a mixture of oil and yolk of an egg as paint.
Heckmann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Liselotte Grschebina was a German-born Israeli photographer.
Anita Clara Rée was a German avant-garde painter during the Weimar Republic. She killed herself after the anti-Semitic government declared her work degenerate. Her works were saved by a groundskeeper.
Lilo Rasch-Naegele was a German painter, graphic artist, fashion designer and book illustrator. Her extensive work left a distinct mark on the artistic landscape of Stuttgart.
Maria Slavona, born Marie Dorette Caroline Schorer was a German impressionist painter.
The Peintres de la Réalité [pɛ͂tʀ də la ʀealite] were founded after the Second World War by Henri Cadiou to connect artists who were specialized on still life and genre motifs. It later evolved to the Mouvement trompe l'oeil / Réalité. The painting of the group is no reappearance of antiquity or of the 17th century, but the logical consequence of the place in the 20th century development of a realism that has taken over the sequence of surrealism to the modern trompe-l'œil to lead.
Lilo Peters, born Liselotte Elfriede Anna Gertrud Erdmunde Noetzel was a North German painter and sculptor.
Martha Dix was a German goldsmith and silversmith, as well as the wife of the painter Otto Dix. She was portrayed many times by her husband from 1921 to 1933. A well-known double portrait of the couple appears in the photographer August Sander's portfolio People of the 20th Century (1925).
Alfred Gold was an Austrian writer, theatre critic, journalist, art collector, and dealer.
