Lissan-ul-Maghreb (Arabic : لِسَانُ المَغرِب) was a Moroccan arabophone newspaper established in Tangier in 1907. It was founded by two Lebanese brothers, Faraj-Allah Namor and Artur Namor. [1] It famously printed the 1908 draft constitution , as well as open letters to Abdelaziz and then Abd al-Hafid. [2] [3]
Lissan-ul-Maghreb was founded in 1907 by two Lebanese brothers, Faraj-Allah Namor (فرج االله بن ســليم نمّور), a literary man born in Sidon in 1865, and his brother Artur Namor, a gifted journalist. [1] They had traveled to Europe, Morocco, South America, Tripoli, Tunis, Paris, and London before arriving in Tangier January 1906 in search of work, hoping to establish an Arabic publication. [1] The German consulate in Tangier was eager to found an arabophone publication to support German interests in Morocco, and from it the Namor brothers received the necessary support. [1] They sourced all necessary furnishings from the Catholic Press in Beirut (المطبعة الكاثوليكية للآباء اليســوعيين في بيروت). [1] The first issue of Lissan-ul-Maghreb was published February 8, 1907. [1] It was an arabophone weekly newspaper consisting of four pages, with Faraj-Allah as the political director and Artus as the editor-in-chief. [1]
With French encouragement, supporters of Abdelaziz founded as-Sabaah (الصباح) in Tangier in 1904. [4] [5] At the time of the Hafidiya (1907-1908), the fratricidal struggle between Abdelaziz and Abdelhafid for the Moroccan throne, the French arabophone newspaper Es-Saada supported Abdelaziz. [6] [7] [8] [9] Lissan-ul-Maghreb printed open letters to Abdelaziz and then Abd al-Hafid. [10]
In the Lissan-ul-Maghreb issue of February 14, 1908, the newspaper confirmed the sale of the newspaper to the Makhzen of Sultan Abdelhafid and that the editors would be working for him. [1] In the months following the signature of the sale, things proceeded well, but after about a year, the Makhzen did not uphold its financial responsibilities and the Namor brothers began to publish defamatory content on the Makhzen, criticizing the state on all fronts. [1]
In 1908, Abd al-Hafid ordered the creation of the newspaper al-Fajar (الفجر), first appearing in June 27, 1908, which would promote his views. [11]
The French protectorate in Morocco, also known as French Morocco, was the period of French colonial rule in Morocco that lasted from 1912 to 1956. The protectorate was officially established 30 March 1912, when Sultan Abd al-Hafid signed the Treaty of Fez, though the French military occupation of Morocco had begun with the invasion of Oujda and the bombardment of Casablanca in 1907.
MoulayAbd al-Aziz bin Hassan, born on 24 February 1881 in Marrakesh and died on 10 June 1943 in Tangier, was a sultan of Morocco from 9 June 1894 to 21 August 1908, as a ruler of the 'Alawi dynasty. He was proclaimed sultan at the age of sixteen after the death of his father Hassan I. Moulay Abdelaziz tried to strengthen the central government by implementing a new tax on agriculture and livestock, a measure which was strongly opposed by sections of the society. This in turn led Abdelaziz to mortgage the customs revenues and to borrow heavily from the French, which was met with widespread revolt and a revolution that deposed him in 1908 in favor of his brother Abd al-Hafid.
Abd al-Hafid of Morocco or Moulay Abdelhafid was the Sultan of Morocco from 1908 to 1912 and a member of the Alaouite Dynasty. His younger brother, Abdelaziz of Morocco, preceded him. While Mulai Abdelhafid initially opposed his brother for giving some concessions to foreign powers, he himself became increasingly backed by the French and finally signed the protectorate treaty giving de facto control of the country to France.
The Treaty of Fes, officially the Treaty Concluded Between France and Morocco on 30 March 1912, for the Organization of the French Protectorate in the Sharifian Empire, was a treaty signed by Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco under duress and French diplomat Eugène Regnault on 30 March 1912. It established the French protectorate in Morocco, and remained in effect until the Franco-Moroccan Joint Declaration of 2 March 1956.
Mohamed Mustafa Ma al-'Aynayn was a Saharan Moorish religious and political leader who fought French and Spanish colonization in North Africa. He was the son of Mohammed Fadil Mamin, and the elder brother of shaykh Saad Bouh, a prominent marabout in Mauritania.
Thami El Glaoui was the Pasha of Marrakesh from 1912 to 1956. His family name was el Mezouari, from a title given an ancestor by Ismail Ibn Sharif in 1700, while El Glaoui refers to his chieftainship of the Glaoua (Glawa) tribe of the Berbers of southern Morocco, based at the Kasbah of Telouet in the High Atlas and at Marrakesh. El Glaoui became head of the Glaoua upon the death of his elder brother, Si el-Madani, and as an ally of the French protectorate in Morocco, conspired with them in the overthrow of Sultan Mohammed V.
Mass media in Morocco includes newspapers, radio, television, and Internet.
Moroccan literature are the written and oral works of Moroccan culture. These works have been produced and shared by people who lived in Morocco and the historical states that have existed partially or entirely within the geographical area of modern-day Morocco. Apart from the various forms of oral literature, the written literature of Morocco encompasses various genres, including poetry, prose, theater, and nonfiction including philosophical and religious literature. Moroccan literature has mainly been written in Arabic and French, and to a lesser extent also in Berber languages, Judeo-Arabic, Spanish, and after the mid-19th century in English.[pages needed] Through translations into English and other languages, Moroccan literature has become accessible to readers worldwide.
Tanger Med is a Moroccan industrial port complex, located 45 km northeast of Tangier and opposite of Tarifa, Spain on the Strait of Gibraltar, with handling capacities of 9 million containers, one of the largest industrial ports in the world, and the largest port in Africa and the Mediterranean Sea. 7 million passengers, 700,000 trucks and the export of 1 million vehicles.
Dar Batḥa, or Qasr al-Batḥa, is a former royal palace in the city of Fez, Morocco. The palace was commissioned by the Alaouite Sultan Hassan I in the late 19th century and finished under his successor Abdelaziz. It was converted into a museum of historical arts and crafts in 1915 with a collection that now comprises over 6,500 objects. The palace is located near Bab Bou Jeloud at the western edge of Fes el-Bali, the old medina quarter of the city, and close to Fes el-Jdid, the new medina quarter. It is adjacent to the Dar el-Beida palace located to its southeast, which was originally part of the same complex.
The Zaydani Library or the Zaydani Collection is a collection of manuscripts originally belonging to Sultan Zaydan Bin Ahmed that were taken by Spanish privateers in Atlantic waters off the coast of Morocco in 1612. The collection is held to this day in the library of El Escorial.
es-Saada was an arabophone weekly newspaper published in Morocco that served as the mouthpiece of the French government. The newspaper was financed by France, originally printed at the French Legation in Tangier, and used as a tool with which to spread French ideas among Moroccans. It reached all cities of Greater Morocco. Its content has been described as distinctively colonial and disruptive of public opinion in Morocco.
Salomon Benaïoun was a Moroccan Jewish printer and journalist born in Oran in Algeria, whose family originally hailed from Tetouan. He moved to Tangier at the invitation of Haïm Benchimol (1834–1915), an important businessman and collaborator with the French.
The Hafidiya was a coup d'état in Morocco between 1907 and 1908 in which Abd al-Hafid seized power from his brother Abdelaziz. Abd al-Hafid started his movement in Marrakesh in the aftermath of the Algeciras Conference, the French occupation of Oujda and of Casablanca and the gaining the support of Amazigh leaders in the south. The Ulama of Fes supported Abdelhafid only with an unprecedented Conditioned Bay'ah, or pledge of allegiance.
Muhammad Bin Abdul-Kabir Al-Kattani, also known by his kunyaAbu l-Fayḍ or simply as Muhammad Al-Kattani, was a Moroccan Sufi faqih, reformer, and poet from Fes. He is recognized as the father of the Moroccan constitution movement and the leader of the Conditioned Bay'ah of 1908. He was also vocally opposed to the metastasizing French colonial presence in Morocco, and launched at-Tā'ūn, the first national newspaper in Morocco. He was a member of the al-Kattani family and the Tariqa Kattania, a Sufi order. He composed over 300 works, printed 27 of them, and wrote Sufi philosophical love poetry. He was accused of treason and flogged to death under Sultan Abdelhafid.
The Conditioned Bay'ah or the Bay'ah of Fes was a bay'ah contract of the conditional support of the people of Fes for Abd al-Hafid as sultan of Morocco in the Hafidiya. Led by the Sufi leader Muhammad al-Kattani, the people of Fes imposed, for the first time in Morocco, a set of conditions on the sovereign in return for their support.
The 2022–23 season is Ittihad Riadi Tanger's 40th season in existence and the club's 24th in the top flight of Moroccan football, and eighth consecutive.
Si El Madani El Glaoui, born Madani El Mezouari El Glaoui, nicknamed the faqih was a prominent statesman in Morocco during the late 19th century and early 20th century. He was largely responsible for establishing the Glaoui family's power in the country.
The Alawi Sultanate, officially known as the Sharifian Sultanate and as the Sultanate of Morocco, was the state ruled by the 'Alawi dynasty over what is now Morocco, from their rise to power in the 1660s to the 1912 Treaty of Fes that marked the start of the French protectorate.