List of Antarctic subglacial lakes

Last updated February 14, 2023

An ongoing inventory of subglacial lakes in Antarctica. Compiled from:

Discoveries from the 1970's to 2012 via: Wright, A., and Siegert, M. (2012). A fourth inventory of Antarctic subglacial lakes.^[1] Antarctic Science 24, 659-664


Name	Latitude (N)	Longitude (E)	Length (m)	Ice Thickness (m)	References/(B)	Sovetskaya Lake	-78.100	88.500	75000	4200	Robin et al. (1970, Oswald and Robin, (1973); Bell et al. (2006)
Lake Vostok	-78.150	104.500	280000	3945	Oswald and Robin (1973), Siegert & Ridley, (1998b), Tabacco et al. (2003), (Studinger et al. 2003)
SPRI-3	-76.570	124.800	5000	3621	Oswald and Robin (1973)
SPRI-4	-73.280	157.280	3500	2827	Oswald and Robin (1973)
SPRI-5	-77.200	119.270	10000	3835	Oswald and Robin (1973)
Concordia Lake	-74.070	125.020	45000	4055	Oswald and Robin (1973), Filina (2007)
SPRI-7	-88.300	-150.000	5000	2807	Oswald and Robin (1973)
SPRI-8	-72.310	123.940	10000	3254	Oswald and Robin (1973)
SPRI-9/16/20	-76.800	129.700	5000	3410	Oswald and Robin (1973); Siegert & Ridley (1998a).
SPRI-10	-75.940	127.410	5000	3449	Oswald and Robin (1973)
SPRI-11/ITL-7	-75.810	126.560	10725	3634	Oswald and Robin (1973); Tabacco et al. (2003)
SPRI-12	-75.650	125.600	5000	3399	Oswald and Robin (1973)
SPRI-13/14/ITL-10	-75.840	122.660	11465	3427	Oswald and Robin (1973); Tabacco et al. (2003)
SPRI-15	-75.140	126.980	2000	3447	Oswald and Robin (1973)
SPRI-17	-73.450	119.540	15000	3924	Oswald and Robin (1973)
Adventure Trench Lake	-76.237	135.339	52000	3780	Carter et al. (2007)
SPRI-19	-79.930	148.270	8375	2333	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-21	-74.910	128.900	670	3890	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-22	-75.970	124.950	3685	3168	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-23	-75.780	125.970	3015	3162	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-24	-75.690	126.480	4188	3650	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-25/76	-74.974	124.701	3484	3045	Siegert et al. (1996), Blankenship et al. (2009)
SPRI-26	-75.610	120.390	2680	3057	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-27	-73.400	126.900	6700	4010	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-28/63	-73.170	128.350	28100 + 4000	4050	Siegert & Ridley (1998a), Wright et al. (2012)
SPRI-29	-69.710	140.950	2848	2269	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-30/58	-68.440	136.870	43550	4117	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-31	-75.820	129.030	3015	3069	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-32	-76.400	126.030	2881	3500	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-33	-74.030	118.500	8650	4084	Wright et al. (2012)
Aurora Lake	-74.460	119.370	18275	4066	Tabacco et al. (2003), Wright et al. (2012)
SPRI-35	-77.120	126.300	8375	3741	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-36	-71.810	128.350	1550	2994	Wright et al. (2012)
SPRI-37	-71.790	128.200	1340	3021	Wright et al. (2012)
SPRI-38	-74.040	139.920	1608	3285	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-39	-75.730	148.860	6700	3010	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-40	-88.500	120.000	3350	3100	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-41	-87.000	75.000	3183	2943	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-42/43	-76.190	125.180	10050	3884	Siegert & Ridley (1998a)
SPRI-44	-81.840	133.470	2680	2641	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-45	-79.430	154.130	6700	2036	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-46	-77.400	100.400	2412	3709	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-47	-76.800	97.500	1608	3715	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-48	-88.730	64.520	3350	2997	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-49	-88.360	70.540	5360	3027	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-50	-88.370	112.680	3350	3068	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-51	-87.610	148.620	8040	3062	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-52	-88.710	136.880	1876	3070	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-53	-88.420	144.500	1675	2741	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-54/59	-77.100	92.500	3350	3784	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-55	-78.000	99.000	11725	3399	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-56	-71.130	155.680	10050	2347	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-57	-70.470	151.600	1675	2418	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-60	-76.800	93.500	1340	3426	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-61	-79.150	144.300	5025	2580	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-62	-72.740	129.410	2010	3828	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-64	-75.760	119.710	2512	3574	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-65	-76.070	118.110	5025	3733	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-66	-78.000	118.600	14070	3341	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-67	-79.090	246.500	2010	2700	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-68	-82.060	261.050	1675	2894	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-69	-79.040	67.730	6700	2500	Siegert et al. (1996)
South Pole Lake (SPRI-70)	-89.970	198.440	10000	2857	Siegert et al., (2005), Peters et al. (2008)
SPRI-71	-82.990	265.080	1340	3200	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-72	-86.360	253.830	1675	2814	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-73	-86.430	254.440	1340	2906	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-74	-86.770	248.740	1675	3960	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-75	-87.770	234.700	5025	2315	Siegert et al. (1996)
SPRI-77	-74.920	124.190	1943	3925	Siegert et al. (1996), not recorded by Blankenship et al. (2009)
Subglacial Lake Ellsworth	-78.990	269.430	14700	3400	Siegert et al. (2005); Woodward et al. (2010)
ITL-1	-75.460	121.630	2178	3570	Tabacco et al. (2003)
ITL-2	-75.624	121.607	1142	3513	Tabacco et al. (2003)
ITL-3	-75.422	122.315	1712	3030	Tabacco et al. (2003)
ITL-4	-74.785	122.284	3086	3769	Tabacco et al. (2003)
ITL-5	-75.345	125.022	4486	3150	Tabacco et al. (2003)
ITL 6	-75.954	126.028	4453	2975	Tabacco et al. (2003)
ITL 8	-74.913	121.732	1993	3416	Tabacco et al. (2003)
ITL 9	-75.024	125.918	3296	3461	Tabacco et al. (2003); Blankenship et al. (2009)
ITL 11	-75.608	117.686	3369	4457	Tabacco et al. (2003)
ITL 12	-74.673	116.421	27229	4155	Tabacco et al. (2003)
ITL 13	-74.881	116.936	11828	4460	Tabacco et al. (2003)
Vincennes Lake	-74.158	127.940	26608	4028	Tabacco et al., 2003; Blankenship et al. (2009)
ITL 17	-73.702	119.715	9573	4034	Tabacco et al. (2003)
ITL 18	-77.626	115.191	5914	3500	Tabacco et al. (2003)
M-310	-74.300	26.939	10000	2427	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-511	-80.903	14.467	8000	2340	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-511	-75.167	27.289	10000	2770	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-610	-75.745	33.091	5000	2560	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-2011	-77.499	37.432	20000	3125	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-2710	-73.424	39.892	18000	2180	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-2713	-75.463	27.032	20000	2830	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-3112	-77.704	44.461	15000	2860	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-3710	-77.962	32.617	15000	3070	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-3010	-82.343	77.891	5000	3575	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-3510	-77.958	62.728	5000	2834	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-3112	-77.700	45.766	5000	2640	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-3809	-77.236	43.698	8000	3130	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-3809	-72.784	58.797	15000	1750	Popov and Masolov (2003)
M-3211	-72.096	56.768	8000	2535	Popov and Masolov (2003)
SAE35	-80.302	45.825	7000	3240	Siegert et al. (2005)
WLK-6	-77.097	144.664	21000	3413	Siegert et al. (2005), Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-14	-76.706	145.095	17000	3503	Siegert et al. (2005), Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-12	-76.433	144.294	10000	3547	Siegert et al. (2005), Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-24	-76.116	144.753	6000	3557	Siegert et al. (2005), Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-17	-75.095	126.415	1500	3480	Siegert et al. (2005), Blankenship et al. (2009)
DCS/DCSx/X02b - X02e	-80.413	139.233	2262	3059	Siegert et al. (2005)
DCS/DCSx/X01c	-81.838	120.084	5390	2933	Siegert et al. (2005)
DCS/DCSx/X01d	-80.650	137.545	975	2981	Siegert et al. (2005)
LVS-12	-75.847	117.987	1000	4661	Siegert et al. (2005), Blankenship et al. (2009)
LVS-9	-79.304	88.875	1200	3890	Siegert et al. (2005), Blankenship et al. (2009)
LVS-13	-77.981	91.435	7000	3787	Siegert et al. (2005), Blankenship et al. (2009)
90°E lake	-77.379	91.080	123000	4074	Siegert et al. (2005), Bell et al. (2007)
C25SAE1	-76.750	94.566		3500	Bogorodskiy and Sheremet'yev (1981), Siegert et al. (2005)
C25SAE2	-77.083	94.833		3560	Bogorodskiy and Sheremet'yev (1981), Siegert et al. (2005)
Bindschadler5	-80.610	236.006		2242	Gray et al. (2005), Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb10	-81.446	239.866		2393	Gray et al. (2005), Smith et al. (2009)
L1	-74.000	133.270	6800	4200	Wingham et al. (2006), Wright et al. (2012)
U1	-75.940	135.000		3933	Wingham et al. (2006) downstream filling site
U2	-76.340	135.770		3231	Wingham et al. (2006) downstream filling site
U3	-76.680	135.930		2687	Wingham et al. (2006) downstream filling site
	-78.583	107.131	600	3635	Popov and Masolov (2007), probably the same as one found by Carter et al. (2007)
	-77.232	103.724	700	3720	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-77.853	107.531	700	2915	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-77.468	107.259	4500	3515	Popov and Masolov (2007), Blankenship et al. (2009)
	-77.301	107.012	1500	3435	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-77.199	107.013	5000	3305	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
LVS-8	-76.938	106.696	3800	3540	Popov and Masolov (2007), Blankenship et al. (2009)
	-76.659	106.020	500	3735	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-76.596	106.019	500	3400	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-78.325	104.593	500	3605	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-78.080	107.351	1000	3295	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-78.054	107.798	600	3345	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-77.666	107.509	1500	2740	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-77.602	107.509	600	3135	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-77.577	107.508	1800	3100	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-77.975	103.985	1000	3280	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-78.598	105.368	1200	3600	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-78.665	105.859	2000	3320	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-77.884	103.617	2100	3650	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-77.804	103.757	2300	3740	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-76.907	101.962	3100	3715	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-76.699	101.433	700	3835	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-76.292	101.740	800	3720	Popov and Masolov (2007), Blankenship et al. (2009)
	-78.118	104.299	1700	3190	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
LVS-11	-77.251	106.510	5800	3740	Popov and Masolov (2007), LVS-11 in Blankenship et al. (2009)
	-77.503	103.360	6800	3720	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-75.908	103.864	10000	3770	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007), Blankenship et al. (2009)
	-78.584	104.996	1800	3880	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
	-78.534	105.586	4000	3740	Near Vostok Subglacial Lake (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
Komsomolskoe Subglacial lake	-73.618	97.286	4300	3590	Popov and Masolov (2007)
Pionerskoe Subglacial Lake	-69.746	95.537	9000	2400	Beneath Sovetskaya station (Popov and Masolov, 2007)
WLK-4	-77.421	150.110	35000	2686	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-5	-76.875	148.933	10000	2990	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-7	-77.162	153.715	14000	2712	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-8	-76.999	150.945	10000	2942	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-9	-77.189	150.020	< 4000	2774	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-10	-76.877	150.206	10000	3018	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-11	-77.320	147.754	17000	3025	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-13	-75.764	139.042	6000	2873	Blankenship et al. (2009)
Horseshoe Lake (WLK-15)	-75.226	126.590	18000	3375	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-16	-74.566	126.283	< 4000	3697	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-18	-74.889	127.562	< 4000	3510	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-19	-76.024	137.347	< 4000	2985	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-21	-75.429	126.836	< 4000	3488	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-22	-76.235	136.879	< 4000	2906	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-23	-76.125	137.334	10000	2969	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-26	-76.000	132.375	< 4000	2703	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-27	-75.653	135.747	5000	3442	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-28	-76.368	137.947	7000	2612	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-29	-76.153	143.814	< 4000	3400	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-30	-76.486	146.037	< 4000	3399	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-31	-76.572	138.745	13000	2622	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-32	-76.586	138.457	< 4000	2616	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-33	-77.292	147.243	10000	3062	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-34	-76.796	148.300	< 4000	3175	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-35	-76.672	150.141	12000	3037	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-36	-76.990	149.679	27000	2947	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-37	-76.492	150.473	7000	3050	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-38	-77.084	150.611	< 4000	2900	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-39	-76.902	150.917	< 4000	2917	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-40	-77.278	150.925	22000	2743	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-41	-77.123	151.785	< 4000	2778	Blankenship et al. (2009)
WLK-42	-77.307	152.490	10000	2855	Blankenship et al. (2009)
LVS-1	-75.605	119.230	3900	4095	Blankenship et al. (2009)
LVS-2	-78.661	89.797	3870	3706	Blankenship et al. (2009)
LVS-3	-75.708	118.711	3900	3867	Blankenship et al. (2009)
LVS-4	-77.460	103.322	3880	3664	Blankenship et al. (2009), very near lake 146
LVS-5	-77.682	103.300	3870	3623	Blankenship et al. (2009)
LVS-6	-78.022	108.158	2670	3306	Blankenship et al. (2009)
LVS-14	-77.063	102.101	< 4000	3229	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-1	-89.756	-143.826	28000	2866	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-2	-88.913	-120.388	5000	3095	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-3	-89.853	-86.102	17000	2784	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-4	-85.218	-150.462	11000	1086	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-6	-85.160	-149.740	17000	1134	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-7	-85.078	-144.784	4000	1157	Blankenship et al. (2009), Mercer Ice Stream
PPT-8	-84.974	-141.811	4000	1801	Blankenship et al. (2009), Mercer Ice Stream
PPT-9	-84.900	-150.786	4000	1094	Blankenship et al. (2009), Mercer Ice Stream
PPT-11	-84.750	-150.001	4000	1219	Blankenship et al. (2009), Mercer Ice Stream
PPT-12	-89.898	30.038	4000	2888	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-15	-84.873	-144.123	4000	1654	Blankenship et al. (2009), Mercer Ice Stream
PPT-16 (Lake Mercer)	-84.661	-149.677	9000	1149	Fricker et al. (2007), Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-17	-89.482	-13.766	4000	2911	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-18	-88.471	2.279	4000	3241	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-19	-89.210	-150.009	4000	2809	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-20	-88.925	-149.244	4000	2113	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-21	-89.415	-141.194	4000	2476	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-22	-88.312	-140.850	4000	3002	Blankenship et al. (2009), two records <1 km apart
PPT-23	-88.486	-139.780	4000	2990	Blankenship et al. (2009), two records <1 km apart
PPT-25	-89.571	-111.223	4000	3015	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-26	-89.332	-126.286	4000	3032	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-28	-89.613	-103.871	4000	2972	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-29	-89.427	-21.356	4000	2827	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-30	-89.453	-49.283	4000	2959	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-31	-88.505	-128.949	9000	2871	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-32	-89.338	-78.705	4000	2927	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-33	-84.774	-143.117	10000	1150	Blankenship et al. (2009), Mercer Ice Stream
PPT-35	-88.259	7.605	12000	3688	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-36	-89.322	-83.337	4000	2879	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-37	-89.245	-58.470	12000	2870	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-38	-88.964	-13.713	4000	2684	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-39	-89.169	-78.861	4000	3090	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-40	-88.413	-117.809	4000	2742	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-41	-88.609	-110.585	4000	3067	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-42	-89.045	-80.295	4000	2821	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-43	-88.360	-116.897	4000	2768	Blankenship et al. (2009)
PPT-44	-89.036	-43.830	4000	2989	Blankenship et al. (2009)
Recovery A	-82.400	14.280	20000	3500	Bell et al. (2007); Langley et al. (2011)
Recovery B	-82.850	18.130		3500	Bell et al. (2007); Langley et al. (2011)
Recovery C	-84.310	21.370		2687	Bell et al. (2007)
Recovery D	-84.990	21.610		3100	Bell et al. (2007)
Mercer1	-84.602	205.809		839	Fricker et al. (2007)
Whillans1 (Lake Engelhardt)	-83.731	202.581	30000	638	Lake Engelhardt (Fricker et al., 2007)
Whillans2a	-84.035	199.729		759	Fricker et al. (2007)
Whillans2b	-84.343	201.804		763	Fricker et al. (2007)
Whillans3 (Lake Whillans)	-84.240	206.306	5000	798	Fricker et al. (2007); Christianson et al. (2012), Horgan et al. (2012)
Whillans4 (Lake Conway)	-84.374	211.281		886	Fricker et al. (2007)
MacAyeal1/Mac1	-79.950	214.639		994	Smith et al. (2009), Mac1 in Fricker et al. (2010)
MacAyeal2/Mac2	-79.833	215.922		1019	Smith et al. (2009), Mac2 in Fricker et al. (2010)
MacAyeal4	-78.676	227.339		2094	Smith et al. (2009)
Mac3	-80.017	-142.813			Fricker et al. (2010)
Mac4	-79.736	-139.000			Fricker et al. (2010), part of MacAyeal3 in Smith et al. (2009)
Mac5	-79.636	220.891		1141	Fricker et al. (2010), part of MacAyeal3 in Smith et al. (2009)
Byrd1	-81.026	148.302		2032	Stearns et al. (2008)
Byrd2	-80.684	146.887		2161	Stearns et al. (2008)
ITL-19	-75.030	121.560	1460	3187	Cafarella et al. (2006)
ITL-20	-75.060	119.850	1460	3375	Cafarella et al. (2006)
ITL-21	-74.850	121.440	1540	3312	Cafarella et al. (2006)
ITL-22	-75.020	122.170	2440	3062	Cafarella et al. (2006)
ITL-23	-74.070	120.150	9620	3875	Cafarella et al. (2006)
ITL-24	-76.171	128.000	8700	2936	Forieri et al. (2008)
ITL-25	-76.147	127.189	2000	2881	Forieri et al. (2008)
ITL-26	-76.131	126.690	800	2856	Forieri et al. (2008)
ITL-27	-76.127	126.559	800	2910	Forieri et al. (2008)
ITL-28	-76.071	125.058	5600	4300	Forieri et al. (2008)
Academy1	-84.135	298.663		1194	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy2	-84.536	302.555		1700	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy3	-84.608	300.918		1357	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy4	-84.810	304.270		1955	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy5	-84.836	306.300		1972	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy6	-85.316	304.782		1832	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy7	-85.565	306.278		2010	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy8	-85.651	307.068		2064	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy9	-85.865	307.769		2174	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy10	-85.768	309.005		2356	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy11	-85.797	311.592		2595	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy12	-85.712	314.625		2658	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy13	-85.644	317.586		2710	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy14	-85.776	320.431		2559	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy15	-86.023	322.313		2453	Smith et al. (2009)
Academy16	-85.992	324.301		2364	Smith et al. (2009)
Bindschadler1	-80.347	228.497		1855	Smith et al. (2009)
Bindschadler2	-79.945	229.804		2105	Smith et al. (2009)
Bindschadler3	-80.027	233.355		2129	Smith et al. (2009)
Bindschadler4	-80.727	234.428		2178	Smith et al. (2009)
Bindschadler6	-80.567	237.372		2189	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS1	-80.337	152.188		1423	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS2	-80.762	149.534		1903	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS3	-81.804	149.610		1433	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS4	-80.750	143.711		2533	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS5	-80.577	143.378		2726	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS6	-80.324	143.659		2466	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS7	-80.034	143.739		2612	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS8	-80.012	142.407		2695	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS9	-81.467	142.305		2389	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS10	-81.830	139.028		2467	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS11	-81.466	138.588		2750	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS12	-80.900	138.237		2741	Smith et al. (2009), Welch et al. (2009)
ByrdS13	-78.932	142.828		2860	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS14	-78.826	139.785		2903	Smith et al. (2009)
ByrdS15	-78.806	138.957		2903	Smith et al. (2009)
CookE1	-71.872	155.337		2766	Smith et al. (2009)
CookE2	-72.803	155.786		2679	Smith et al. (2009)
CookW1	-69.657	149.712		2097	Smith et al. (2009)
CookW2	-70.839	149.379		2781	Smith et al. (2009)
David1	-75.270	157.213		1820	Smith et al. (2009)
David2	-75.332	155.520		1933	Smith et al. (2009)
David3	-75.240	152.918		2299	Smith et al. (2009)
David4	-75.732	152.250		2144	Smith et al. (2009)
David5	-74.879	152.461		2273	Smith et al. (2009)
David6	-75.391	145.239		3320	Smith et al. (2009)
EAP1	-85.839	140.641		2728	Smith et al. (2009)
EAP2	-85.679	135.484		2772	Smith et al. (2009)
EAP3	-85.902	132.796		2952	Smith et al. (2009)
EAP4	-85.912	128.371		3032	Smith et al. (2009)
EAP5	-85.662	124.417		2904	Smith et al. (2009)
EAP6	-85.489	104.036		3190	Smith et al. (2009)
EAP7	-83.967	122.437		3315	Smith et al. (2009)
EAP8	-75.193	109.854		3612	Smith et al. (2009)
EAP9	-75.808	135.558		3584	Smith et al. (2009)
Foundation1	-84.522	286.338		1197	Smith et al. (2009)
Foundation2	-84.984	286.029		1777	Smith et al. (2009)
Foundation3	-85.258	287.207		1601	Smith et al. (2009)
InstituteE1	-82.130	285.509			Smith et al. (2009)
InstituteE2	-82.625	280.987		2044	Smith et al. (2009)
InstituteW1	-81.401	282.455		1754	Smith et al. (2009)
InstituteW2	-81.628	276.421		1495	Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb trunk1	-81.951	219.598		930	Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb1	-82.011	228.796		1396	Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb2	-82.185	230.161		1709	Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb3	-81.938	231.403		1653	Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb4	-81.970	232.558		1755	Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb5	-82.274	232.518		1748	Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb6	-82.058	235.659		2097	Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb7	-81.921	236.560		2243	Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb8	-82.376	236.857		1971	Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb9	-82.321	238.371		2019	Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb11	-81.251	239.859		2489	Smith et al. (2009)
Kamb12	-80.854	242.925		2847	Smith et al. (2009)
Lambert1	-74.000	68.276		1873	Smith et al. (2009)
Lennox-King1	-84.773	157.119		1217	Smith et al. (2009)
Mulock1	-78.091	149.108		2766	Smith et al. (2009)
Ninnis1	-70.887	144.274		3169	Smith et al. (2009)
Nimrod1	-83.488	150.276		1980	Smith et al. (2009)
Nimrod2	-84.325	141.004		3300	Smith et al. (2009), Welch et al. (2009)
Raymond1	-81.352	231.557		1296	Smith et al. (2009)
Recovery1	-81.148	330.924		638	Smith et al. (2009)
Recovery2	-81.319	332.830		695	Smith et al. (2009)
Recovery3	-80.907	335.876		581	Smith et al. (2009)
Recovery4	-81.324	339.948		1320	Smith et al. (2009)
Recovery5	-81.284	350.392		2054	Smith et al. (2009)
Recovery6	-81.429	352.763		2092	Smith et al. (2009)
Recovery7	-81.644	354.021		2141	Smith et al. (2009)
Recovery8	-81.802	355.878		2250	Smith et al. (2009)
Recovery9	-82.914	2.336		2375	Smith et al. (2009)
Recovery10	-83.503	5.941		2455	Smith et al. (2009)
Recovery11	-81.716	8.417		2651	Smith et al. (2009), Langley et al. (2011)
Rutford1	-78.182	275.827		1151	Smith et al. (2009)
Slessor1	-80.037	334.728		293	Smith et al. (2009)
Slessor2	-79.836	338.437		1404	Smith et al. (2009)
Slessor3	-79.924	338.640		1032	Smith et al. (2009)
Slessor4	-79.336	342.915		1847	Smith et al. (2009)
Slessor5	-79.201	342.961		2022	Smith et al. (2009)
Slessor6	-78.770	345.703		1904	Smith et al. (2009)
Slessor7	-79.250	348.950		1976	Smith et al. (2009)
Totten1	-70.103	107.501		2455	Smith et al. (2009)
Totten2	-70.829	110.511	6500	3942	Smith et al. (2009), (Wright et al. (2012)
Vostok1	-77.169	106.834		3739	Smith et al. (2009)
Whillans5	-84.091	213.929		895	Smith et al. (2009)
Whillans6	-83.846	223.086		1358	Smith et al. (2009)
Whillans7	-83.237	226.992		1047	Smith et al. (2009)
Whillans8	-83.504	246.399		2784	Smith et al. (2009)
Wilkes1	-68.812	106.715		3245	Smith et al. (2009)
Wlikes2	-68.703	121.566		2132	Smith et al. (2009)
	-82.000	11.650	8000		Langley et al. (2011)
R03Wa_1	-70.433	130.399	2150	3910	slightly fuzzy, RHS of valley, confused layers
R04Ea_9	-71.621	135.005	3500	2790	Wright et al. (2012)
R05Ea_4	-71.666	128.119	750	3284	Wright et al. (2012)
R05Ea_5	-71.843	129.055	1950	3750	Wright et al. (2012)
R06Wa_4	-72.884	127.041	1000	3869	Wright et al. (2012)
R07Ea_9	-73.438	126.023	1250	3707	Wright et al. (2012)
R07Ta_1	-73.814	125.655	1800	3644	Wright et al. (2012)
R08Wa_0.1	-74.291	122.585	3350	3745	Wright et al. (2012)
R08Wa_0.2	-74.300	122.503	1200	3709	Wright et al. (2012)
R13Ea_8	-75.981	106.045	3500	3521	Wright et al. (2012)
R15Ea_4	-74.084	100.818	1800	3523	Wright et al. (2012)
“Site A”	-67.800	112.540			N. Young (personal comm.)
“Site B”	-67.870	113.530			N. Young (personal comm.)
“Site C”	-67.840	114.040			N. Young (personal comm.)

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Lake Vostok is the largest of Antarctica's almost 400 known subglacial lakes. Lake Vostok is located at the southern Pole of Cold, beneath Russia's Vostok Station under the surface of the central East Antarctic Ice Sheet, which is at 3,488 m (11,444 ft) above mean sea level. The surface of this fresh water lake is approximately 4,000 m (13,100 ft) under the surface of the ice, which places it at approximately 500 m (1,600 ft) below sea level.

A jökulhlaup is a type of glacial outburst flood. It is an Icelandic term that has been adopted in glaciological terminology in many languages. It originally referred to the well-known subglacial outburst floods from Vatnajökull, Iceland, which are triggered by geothermal heating and occasionally by a volcanic subglacial eruption, but it is now used to describe any large and abrupt release of water from a subglacial or proglacial lake/reservoir.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Subglacial lake</span> Lake under a glacier

A subglacial lake is a lake that is found under a glacier, typically beneath an ice cap or ice sheet. Subglacial lakes form at the boundary between ice and the underlying bedrock, where gravitational pressure decreases the pressure melting point of ice. Over time, the overlying ice gradually melts at a rate of a few millimeters per year. Meltwater flows from regions of high to low hydraulic pressure under the ice and pools, creating a body of liquid water that can be isolated from the external environment for millions of years.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tuya</span> Flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrey Kapitsa</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Subglacial lakes on Mars</span>

Salty subglacial lakes are controversially inferred from radar measurements to exist below the South Polar Layered Deposits (SPLD) in Ultimi Scopuli of Mars' southern ice cap. The idea of subglacial lakes due to basal melting at the polar ice caps on Mars was first hypothesized in the 1980s. For liquid water to persist below the SPLD, researchers propose that perchlorate is dissolved in the water, which lowers the freezing temperature, but other explanations such as saline ice or hydrous minerals have been offered. Challenges for explaining sufficiently warm conditions for liquid water to exist below the southern ice cap include low amounts of geothermal heating from the subsurface and overlying pressure from the ice. As a result, it is disputed whether radar detections of bright reflectors were instead caused by other materials such as saline ice or deposits of minerals such as clays. While lakes with salt concentrations 20 times that of the ocean pose challenges for life, potential subglacial lakes on Mars are of high interest for astrobiology because microbial ecosystems have been found in deep subglacial lakes on Earth, such as in Lake Whillans in Antarctica below 800 m of ice.

References

↑ Wright, Andrew; Siegert, Martin (December 2012). "A fourth inventory of Antarctic subglacial lakes". Antarctic Science. 24 (6): 659–664. doi:10.1017/S095410201200048X. ISSN 0954-1020. S2CID 129337881.

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[1] Wright, Andrew; Siegert, Martin (December 2012). "A fourth inventory of Antarctic subglacial lakes". Antarctic Science. 24 (6): 659–664. doi:10.1017/S095410201200048X. ISSN 0954-1020. S2CID 129337881.

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