List of Coronavirus live isolates

This article aims at keeping an up-to-date list of Coronavirus strains and subspecies successfully isolated and cultured in laboratory, a task which is often challenging. When relevant it shall include a few synthetic chimera as well as some strains that were only propagated in laboratory animals.

Alphacoronavirus

• 229E ^[1]
• NL63 ^[2]
• GX P2V ^[3]
• PEDV (adding Trypsin to Vero cells), ^{[4] [5]} propagated in piglets, ^[6] repeated passage in Vero cells, ^[7] using Vero/TMPRSS2 and Vero/MSPL cells ^[8]
• SADS ^[9]

Tegacovirus

• TGEV ^[10] PRCV ^[11]
• Feline coronavirus
• Canine coronavirus. ^[12]
• A recent recombinant CCoV-HuPn-2018 ^[13] including a human case ^[14]

Betacoronavirus

Merbecovirus

• HKU5 SARS-S chimera ^[15]
• HKU5 and a MERS PDF-2180-S chimera, with trypsin ^[16]
• Various MERS HKU4-RBD chimera ^[17]
• HKU4 ^[18]
• MERS ^[19]
• HKU4-like Pangolin Coronavirus ^{[20] [21]}

Embecovirus

• Bovine coronavirus ^[22]
• Rabbit HKU14 ^[23]
• MHV
• OC43 (1967)
• HKU1 ^[24]
• Parker rat coronavirus ^[25]
• Dromedary camel HKU23 ^[26]
• Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) ^[27]
• Equine coronavirus ^[28]

Sarbecovirus

• SARS ^[29]
• HKU3 SARS-RBD synthetic recombinant ^[30]
• bat-SL-CoV ZC45 (in suckling rats) ^[31]
• WIV1 ^[32]
• RsSHC014 (synthetic clone) ^[33]
• WIV16 ^[34]
• WIV1 Rs4874-S synthetic chimera ^[35]
• Rs4874 and two synthetic chimera WIV1 Rs7237-S and WIV1 Rs4231-S ^[36]
• SARS-CoV-2 ^[37]
• BANAL-236 ^[38]
• Pangolin Guangxi P2V ^{[39] [40]}
• Rco319, Rc-os20, Rc-mk2, Rc-kw8 (in Vero with Rc-ACE2) ^[41]
• WIV1 Rs4081-S synthetic chimera (with trypsin). In the spike it is a member of clade 2 (including HKU3). ^[42]
• WIV1 RsSHC014-S1 chimera ^[43]
• Two clade 1 viruses (using ACE2) RsYN2012 and RsYN2016 and one clade 2 virus (not using ACE2) RsHuB2019 in Huh7 cells with trypsin. ^[44]
• pangolin/Guangdong, in Vero cells, human organoids, hACE2 mice, hamsters ^{[45] [46]}

Gammacoronavirus

• Avian coronavirus (IBV) ^[47]
• Turkey coronavirus ^[48]

Deltacoronavirus

• Porcine deltacoronavirus HKU15 ^[49] including a human case ^[50]
• Parrot coronavirus ^[51]

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