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Lampshade spiders, family Hypochilidae, are among the most primitive of araneomorph spiders. There are two genera and twelve species currently recognized. Like mygalomorphs, most hypochilids have two pairs of book lungs, but like araneomorphs they have intersecting fangs, with the exception of some species which have chelicerae in an angle that is neither orthognathous or labidognathous. These long-legged spiders build typical "lampshade" style webs under overhangs and in caves. In the United States the fauna is primarily associated with the Appalachian, Rocky and California Mountains. Ten of the known species are found in these ranges, all in the genus Hypochilus. The genus Ectatosticta is found in China.
Cesonia is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon in 1893.
Coneweb spiders (Diguetidae) are six-eyed haplogyne spiders that live in tangled space webs, fashioning a cone-like central retreat where they hide and lay eggs. It is a small family, containing only two genera with fifteen species and is confined to the New World, preferring deserts. Members of the genus Diguetia usually build their webs in shrubs or between cactus pads. They have the same eye arrangement as the venomous recluse spiders, but none are known to be harmful to humans.
Hypochilus thorelli is a species of spider in the family Hypochilidae. Unlike almost all other araneomorph or "true" spiders, members of the family have four book lungs. They are often called "lampshade spiders" because of the shape of their webs which are usually built underneath ledges or projections. H. thorelli is found in the southern Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States.
Hypochilus is a genus of North American lampshade spiders that was first described by George Marx in 1888.
Micaria is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Niklas Westring in 1851. They are 1.3 to 6.5 millimetres long.
Lathys is a genus of cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Dictynidae, and was first described by Eugène Simon in 1884. It is a replacement name for "Lethia" Menge, 1869 because that name was already in use as a synonym for a genus of moths.
Trachelas is a genus of araneomorph spiders originally placed with the Trachelidae, and later moved to the Corinnidae.
Drassyllus is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by R. V. Chamberlin in 1922.
Scopoides is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Norman I. Platnick in 1989.
Zorocrates is a genus of spiders in the family Zoropsidae. It was first described in 1888 by Simon. As of 2017, it contains 31 species.
References
- Platnick, Norman I. (2014): The world spider catalog, version 17.5. American Museum of Natural History. doi : 10.5531/db.iz.0001