List of Princes of Salerno

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The Principality of Salerno in Italy around 1000 Italy 1000 AD.svg
The Principality of Salerno in Italy around 1000

This page is a list of the rulers of the Principality of Salerno .

Principality of Salerno

The Lombard Principality of Salerno was a South Italian state, formed in 851 out of the Principality of Benevento after a decade-long civil war.

Contents

When Prince Sicard of Benevento was assassinated by Radelchis in 839, the people of Salerno promptly proclaimed his brother, Siconulf, prince. War raged between Radelchis and Siconulf until Emperor Louis II came down and forced a peace in 851, confirming Siconulf as prince of Salerno. The chronology is very confusing from then on until the assassination of Adhemar, when a new dynasty took the throne.

Sicard of Benevento Italian prince

Sicard was the Prince of Benevento from 832. He was the last prince of a united Benevento which covered most of the Mezzogiorno. On his death, the principality descended into civil war which split it permanently. He was the son and successor of the Spoletan Sico.

Radelchis I was the treasurer, then prince of Benevento from 839, when he assumed the throne upon the assassination of Sicard and imprisonment of Sicard's brother, Siconulf, to his death, though in his time the principality was divided.

Adhemar was the son of Prince Peter of Salerno. He succeeded his father, an usurper, in 853.

Salerno was besieged by the Normans of Robert Guiscard and Prince Richard I of Capua until it fell on 13 December 1076. Prince Gisulf II surrendered the next year and the principality, the final Lombard state in Italy, fell. Salerno became the capital of Guiscard's duchy of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily.

Normans European ethnic group emerging in the 10th and 11th century in France

The Normans are an ethnic group that arose in Normandy, a northern region of France, from contact between indigenous Franks and Gallo-Romans, and Norse Viking settlers. The settlements followed a series of raids on the French coast from Denmark, Norway, and Iceland, and they gained political legitimacy when the Viking leader Rollo agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia. The distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerged initially in the first half of the 10th century, and it continued to evolve over the succeeding centuries.

Robert Guiscard Duke of Apulia and Calabria

Robert Guiscard was a Norman adventurer remembered for the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. Robert was born into the Hauteville family in Normandy, went on to become Count of Apulia and Calabria (1057–1059), and then Duke of Apulia and Calabria and Duke of Sicily (1059–1085), and briefly Prince of Benevento (1078–1081) before returning the title to the Pope.

Richard Drengot was the count of Aversa (1049–1078), prince of Capua and duke of Gaeta (1064–1078).

"Prince of Salerno" was also a title created by Charles I of Naples (reigned 1266-1285) for his son, later Charles II of Naples. It was regularly used for the heirs of the Kings of Naples and later the Two Sicilies. In the fourteenth century, most of the province of Salerno became the territory of the Princes of Sanseverino.

Charles II of Naples King of Naples

Charles II, also known as Charles the Lame, was King of Naples, Count of Provence and Forcalquier (1285–1309), Prince of Achaea (1285–1289), and Count of Anjou and Maine (1285–1290); he also styled himself King of Albania and claimed the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1285. He was the son of Charles I of Anjou—one of the most powerful European monarchs in the second half of the 13th century—and Beatrice of Provence. His father granted Charles the Principality of Salerno in the Kingdom of Sicily in 1272 and made him regent in Provence and Forcalquier in 1279.

List

RulerReignHouseNotes
Siconulf Siconulf solidus 671842.jpg 839-851Non-dynasticFirst prince of Salerno
Sico 851-853Non-dynastic
Peter 853Non-dynastic
Adhemar 853-861Non-dynastic
Guaifer 861-880Dauferidians
Guaimar I 880-900Dauferidians
Guaimar II 900-946Dauferidians
Gisulf I 946-973Dauferidians1st rule. Deposed by Landulf of Conza.
Landulf of Conza 973Landolfians (Capua)Usurper.
Gisulf I 973-978Dauferidians2nd rule. Deposed Landulf of Conza.
Pandulf I Ironhead 978-981Landolfians (Capua)Also ruled Benevento and Capua (from 961) and Spoleto (from 967).
Pandulf II 981Landolfians (Capua)He had been named Gisulf I's heir in 973.
Manso Importante scoperta del famoso tareno di Amalfi p 33.jpg 981-983Musco Comite (Amalfi)Father and son, ruled jointly. They were also Princes of Amalfi: Manso ruled 996-1004 and his son John 1004-1007.
John I Musco Comite (Amalfi)
John II the Accursed 984-994/9Spoleto
Guaimar III [or IV] [1] 994/9-1027Spoleto
Guaimar IV [or V] 1027-1052SpoletoAlso ruled Amalfi (1039–43), Gaeta (1040–41) and Capua (1038–47) .
Pandulf III 1052Landolfians (Capua)Usurper.
Gisulf II 1052-1077SpoletoAlso ruled Amalfi (1088-1089).

Notes

    Related Research Articles

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    The Principality of Taranto was a state in southern Italy created in 1088 for Bohemond I, eldest son of Robert Guiscard, as part of the peace between him and his younger brother Roger Borsa after a dispute over the succession to the Duchy of Apulia.

    Guaimar IV of Salerno Italian prince

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    Siconulf of Salerno Prince of Salerno

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    The Principality of Capua was a Lombard state centred on Capua in Southern Italy, usually de facto independent, but under the varying suzerainty of Western and Eastern Roman Empires. It was originally a gastaldate, then a county, within the principality of Salerno.

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    The Landulfids or Atenulfings were a noble family of Lombardic origin in the ninth through eleventh centuries. They were descended from Landulf I of Capua, whose own ancestry is unknown and who died in 843. The dynasty produced a line of princes which ruled most of southern Italy at one time or another and even one pope, Victor III.

    County of Apulia and Calabria

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    Pandulf or Paldolf was the first Lombard lord (dominus) of Capaccio in the Principality of Salerno.

    Pandulf III was briefly the Prince of Salerno from around 3 to 10 June 1052. He was the eldest of four brothers of Gemma, wife of Prince Guaimar IV. He seized the throne in a coup d'état, when he and his brother assassinated Guaimar. He reigned for only a week before he was forced to step down and was promptly murdered.

    Maud of Apulia was a member of the Norman D’Hauteville family and a daughter of Robert Guiscard and his second wife Sikelgaita, a Lombard princess, the daughter of Guaimar IV, Prince of Salerno. She was also known as Mahalda, Mahault, Mafalda and Matilda. She was the wife of Ramón Berenguer II, and thus Countess of Barcelona (1078-1082). After her husband’s death, she remarried Aimery I, the Viscount of Narbonne (1086-1108).

    References

    1. In the 19th century, Michelangelo Schipa, relying on an 11th-century charter mis-dated to 917, inserted a fifth prince named Guaimar into the list, suggesting this "Guaimar III" was a son of Guaimar II. This necessitated re-numbering Guaimar III as "Guaimar IV" and the actual Guaimar IV as "Guaimar V". See Graham A. Loud (2000), The Age of Robert Guiscard: Southern Italy and the Northern Conquest, Taylor and Francis, p. 61, n. 3