List of archaeological sites in the Gaza Strip

Last updated

There are 166 archaeological sites in the Gaza Strip recorded in the Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa database. [1]

Contents

Archaeological sites in Palestine have been administered by various organisations. The Department of Antiquities during the British Mandate in Palestine from 1920 to 1948; from 1948 to 1994 the administration of sites in the Gaza Strip was separate to those in the West Bank and were controlled first by Egypt and then by Israel from 1967. In 1994, the Palestinian Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage was established, [2] with a branch in the Gaza Strip. [3]

List

Site nameAdditional namesImageCoordinatesTypeCultural periodDescriptionReference
Abu Shehab 31°31′40″N34°28′55″E / 31.5279°N 34.482°E / 31.5279; 34.482 (Abu Shehab)
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial,
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [4]
Al Ahli Hospital al-Ahli Arab Hospital 31°30′17″N34°27′41″E / 31.5046°N 34.4614°E / 31.5046; 34.4614 (Al Ahli Hospital) Government/Administrative BuildingContemporary Islamic (MENA) [5]
al Ghussein Mosque 31°30′15″N34°27′54″E / 31.5042°N 34.4649°E / 31.5042; 34.4649 (al Ghussein Mosque)
  • Mosque/Imam/Marabout,
  • Cemetery
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [6]
Al Mathaf Archaeological Museum 31°32′52″N34°27′25″E / 31.5478°N 34.4569°E / 31.5478; 34.4569 (Al Mathaf Archaeological Museum) UnknownUnknown [7]
al Qissariya 31°30′15″N34°27′51″E / 31.5041°N 34.4641°E / 31.5041; 34.4641 (al Qissariya) Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [8]
Al-Basha Palace, Dar Al-Sa'adah
qSr lbsh fy Gz@.jpg
31°30′16″N34°27′58″E / 31.5045°N 34.4662°E / 31.5045; 34.4662 (Al-Basha Palace, Dar Al-Sa'adah)
  • Palace/High Status Complex,
  • Fort/Fortress/Castle
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [9]
Al-Qazmari Mosque 31°30′04″N34°28′03″E / 31.5011°N 34.4675°E / 31.5011; 34.4675 (Al-Qazmari Mosque) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutContemporary Islamic [10]
Al-Zaiton Cemetery 31°30′24″N34°27′35″E / 31.5067°N 34.4596°E / 31.5067; 34.4596 (Al-Zaiton Cemetery) CemeteryIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [11]
Ali Mirwan Mosque Ibn Marwan Mosque
my'dhn@ msjd `ly bn mrwn.jpg
31°30′15″N34°28′08″E / 31.5043°N 34.4689°E / 31.5043; 34.4689 (Ali Mirwan Mosque) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [12]
Ard-al-Moharbeen necropolis 31°32′55.4″N34°27′58.6″E / 31.548722°N 34.466278°E / 31.548722; 34.466278 Cemetery
  • Classical/Pre-Islamic (Levant),
  • Bronze Age (Levant),
  • Iron Age (Levant),
  • Islamic (Levant/Arabia)
Roman cemetery from the 1st and 2nd centuries [13]
Anthedon
  • Gaza Ancient port,
  • Tida,
  • al-Blakhiyah
 31°32′48″N34°27′14″E / 31.5467°N 34.454°E / 31.5467; 34.454 (Anthedon) Port/Harbour
  • Classical/Pre-Islamic (Levant),
  • Bronze Age (Levant),
  • Iron Age (Levant),
  • Islamic (Levant/Arabia)
 [14]
Aybaki Mosque
  • Mosque of Sheikh Abdullah al-Aybaki,
  • Jami ash-Shaykh 'Abdallah al-Aybaki
 31°30′30″N34°28′08″E / 31.5083°N 34.4688°E / 31.5083; 34.4688 (Aybaki Mosque) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [15]
Bab al-Ascalon (east) 31°30′23″N34°28′01″E / 31.5065°N 34.4669°E / 31.5065; 34.4669 (Bab al-Ascalon (east)) Gateway/Arch/IntersectionIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [16]
Bab al-Ascalon (west) 31°30′30″N34°27′50″E / 31.5082°N 34.4638°E / 31.5082; 34.4638 (Bab al-Ascalon (west)) Gateway/Arch/IntersectionIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [17]
Bab al-Bahr 31°30′16″N34°27′35″E / 31.5044°N 34.4596°E / 31.5044; 34.4596 (Bab al-Bahr) Gateway/Arch/IntersectionIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [18]
Bab al-Blakhiyah 31°30′30″N34°27′43″E / 31.5083°N 34.4619°E / 31.5083; 34.4619 (Bab al-Blakhiyah) Gateway/Arch/IntersectionIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [19]
Bab al-Darum 31°30′06″N34°27′42″E / 31.5018°N 34.4618°E / 31.5018; 34.4618 (Bab al-Darum) Gateway/Arch/IntersectionIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [20]
Bab al-Khalil 31°30′12″N34°28′00″E / 31.5032°N 34.4668°E / 31.5032; 34.4668 (Bab al-Khalil) Gateway/Arch/IntersectionIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [21]
Bab al-Minas 31°30′25″N34°27′38″E / 31.5069°N 34.4606°E / 31.5069; 34.4606 (Bab al-Minas) Gateway/Arch/IntersectionIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [22]
Bab al-Muntar 31°30′03″N34°27′48″E / 31.5007°N 34.4632°E / 31.5007; 34.4632 (Bab al-Muntar) Gateway/Arch/IntersectionIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [23]
Bab al-Sharif 31°30′08″N34°27′58″E / 31.5022°N 34.4662°E / 31.5022; 34.4662 (Bab al-Sharif) Gateway/Arch/IntersectionIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [24]
Beit Hanun old town 31°32′29″N34°32′10″E / 31.5414°N 34.5362°E / 31.5414; 34.5362 (Beit Hanun old town)
  • House/Dwelling,
  • Settlement/Habitation Site
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [25]
Beit Lahiya old town 31°32′58″N34°29′58″E / 31.5495°N 34.4994°E / 31.5495; 34.4994 (Beit Lahiya old town)
  • Settlement/Habitation Site,
  • House/Dwelling
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [26]
Deir el-Balah Bronze Age cemetery 31°25′00″N34°21′06″E / 31.4167°N 34.3518°E / 31.4167; 34.3518 (Deir el-Balah Bronze Age cemetery)
  • Cemetery,
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial
Bronze Age (Levant) [27]
Deir el-Balah Old Town 31°25′07″N34°20′57″E / 31.4185°N 34.3492°E / 31.4185; 34.3492 (Deir el-Balah Old Town)
  • Road/Track,
  • Settlement/Habitation Site,
  • Building,
  • House/Dwelling
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [28]
El Ghazali Mosque 31°30′04″N34°28′22″E / 31.501°N 34.4729°E / 31.501; 34.4729 (El Ghazali Mosque)
  • Mosque/Imam/Marabout,
  • Minaret
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [29]
El Hawashi Mosque 31°29′58″N34°28′17″E / 31.4995°N 34.4714°E / 31.4995; 34.4714 (El Hawashi Mosque) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [30]
El Mahkanin Mosque, Jami el Mahkameh 31°30′07″N34°28′08″E / 31.5019°N 34.4689°E / 31.5019; 34.4689 (El Mahkanin Mosque, Jami el Mahkameh)
  • Mosque/Imam/Marabout,
  • Minaret
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [31]
el-Harbish 31°29′46″N34°24′27″E / 31.496°N 34.4074°E / 31.496; 34.4074 (el-Harbish)
  • Building,
  • Lighthouse
Unknown [32]
el-Maghazi, Kh. Inseirat 31°25′19″N34°23′17″E / 31.422°N 34.3881°E / 31.422; 34.3881 (el-Maghazi, Kh. Inseirat) Watchtower/Observation PostUnknown [33]
el-Muntar 31°29′22″N34°28′22″E / 31.4895°N 34.4727°E / 31.4895; 34.4727 (el-Muntar)
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial,
  • Cemetery
Unknown [34]
en-Nusairat 31°26′52″N34°23′02″E / 31.4479°N 34.3838°E / 31.4479; 34.3838 (en-Nusairat)
  • Watchtower/Observation Post,
  • Farm Building
Unknown [35]
er-Rusum 31°29′46″N34°29′57″E / 31.496°N 34.4992°E / 31.496; 34.4992 (er-Rusum) Production/Processing (Pottery)Unknown [36]
Es Sidre Mosque 31°30′25″N34°28′13″E / 31.5069°N 34.4704°E / 31.5069; 34.4704 (Es Sidre Mosque) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [37]
Esh Sheik Othman Mosque 31°30′10″N34°27′48″E / 31.5028°N 34.4634°E / 31.5028; 34.4634 (Esh Sheik Othman Mosque) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [38]
esh-Shatt 31°32′18″N34°27′00″E / 31.5382°N 34.4501°E / 31.5382; 34.4501 (esh-Shatt) Watchtower/Observation PostUnknown [39]
esh-Sheikh 'Abeid 31°23′52″N34°21′46″E / 31.3977°N 34.3627°E / 31.3977; 34.3627 (esh-Sheikh 'Abeid)
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial,
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [40]
esh-Sheikh 'Ajlin 31°30′10″N34°24′54″E / 31.5027°N 34.415°E / 31.5027; 34.415 (esh-Sheikh 'Ajlin)
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine,
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [41]
esh-Sheikh 'Aliya 31°20′44″N34°19′14″E / 31.3456°N 34.3206°E / 31.3456; 34.3206 (esh-Sheikh 'Aliya)
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine,
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [42]
esh-Sheikh 'Umri 31°21′19″N34°19′56″E / 31.3552°N 34.3323°E / 31.3552; 34.3323 (esh-Sheikh 'Umri)
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine,
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [43]
esh-Sheikh Ahmad 31°30′05″N34°25′05″E / 31.5014°N 34.418°E / 31.5014; 34.418 (esh-Sheikh Ahmad) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [44]
esh-Sheikh Duweir 31°25′11″N34°21′14″E / 31.4198°N 34.354°E / 31.4198; 34.354 (esh-Sheikh Duweir)
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial,
  • Mosque/Imam/Marabout,
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [45]
esh-Sheikh en-Nagiyah 31°34′21″N34°29′52″E / 31.5726°N 34.4978°E / 31.5726; 34.4978 (esh-Sheikh en-Nagiyah) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [46]
esh-Sheikh Hasan 31°31′51″N34°26′22″E / 31.5307°N 34.4394°E / 31.5307; 34.4394 (esh-Sheikh Hasan)
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine,
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [47]
esh-Sheikh Mohammad el-Yamani 31°24′45″N34°20′30″E / 31.4126°N 34.3418°E / 31.4126; 34.3418 (esh-Sheikh Mohammad el-Yamani)
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial,
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [48]
esh-Sheikh Nabhan 31°25′34″N34°25′27″E / 31.426°N 34.4242°E / 31.426; 34.4242 (esh-Sheikh Nabhan)
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial,
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [49]
esh-Sheikh Sa'd el-Ensar 31°32′32″N34°30′45″E / 31.5421°N 34.5125°E / 31.5421; 34.5125 (esh-Sheikh Sa'd el-Ensar) BuildingUnknown [50]
esh-Sheikh Sara 31°19′13″N34°20′42″E / 31.3202°N 34.345°E / 31.3202; 34.345 (esh-Sheikh Sara)
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine,
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [51]
esh-Sheikh Shubani 31°27′15″N34°22′13″E / 31.4541°N 34.3704°E / 31.4541; 34.3704 (esh-Sheikh Shubani)
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine,
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [52]
esh-Sheikh Sulaiman Rafah 31°17′53″N34°14′32″E / 31.298°N 34.2421°E / 31.298; 34.2421 (esh-Sheikh Sulaiman Rafah)
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine,
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [53]
esh-Sheikh Umm en-Nasr 31°33′00″N34°31′27″E / 31.5499°N 34.5241°E / 31.5499; 34.5241 (esh-Sheikh Umm en-Nasr) BuildingUnknown [54]
esh-Sheikh Yusuf 31°20′33″N34°19′25″E / 31.3424°N 34.3236°E / 31.3424; 34.3236 (esh-Sheikh Yusuf)
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine,
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [55]
esh-Sheikha Amina 31°19′28″N34°21′09″E / 31.3244°N 34.3525°E / 31.3244; 34.3525 (esh-Sheikha Amina)
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine,
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [56]
Gaza City Walls 31°30′30″N34°27′42″E / 31.5082°N 34.4618°E / 31.5082; 34.4618 (Gaza City Walls) Ramparts/Fortification/ Defensive Earthwork
  • Bronze Age (Levant),
  • Iron Age (Levant),
  • Classical/Pre-Islamic,
  • Islamic (Levant/Arabia),
 [57]
Gaza Old City 31°29′46″N34°27′59″E / 31.4961°N 34.4663°E / 31.4961; 34.4663 (Gaza Old City)
  • Building,
  • Settlement/Habitation Site,
  • Church/Chapel,
  • Mosque/Imam/Marabout,
  • Market/Commercial Unit,
  • Government/Administrative Building,
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine,
  • Cemetery,
  • Mosque/Madrasa Complex,
  • House/Dwelling,
  • Road/Track,
  • Tell
  • Bronze Age (Levant),
  • Classical/Pre-Islamic (Levant),
  • Islamic (Levant/Arabia)
 [58]
Great al-Umar Mosque, Temple of Marna
Great Mosque of Gaza (Omari Mosque).jpg
31°30′15″N34°27′51″E / 31.5041°N 34.4641°E / 31.5041; 34.4641 (Great al-Umar Mosque, Temple of Marna)
  • Mosque/Imam/Marabout,
  • Church/Chapel,
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine
  • Classical/Pre-Islamic,
  • Islamic (Levant/Arabia)
 [59]
Hakurat 'Abd el-Hamid 31°28′33″N34°28′33″E / 31.4759°N 34.4758°E / 31.4759; 34.4758 (Hakurat 'Abd el-Hamid)
  • Watchtower/Observation Post,
  • Farm Building
Unknown [60]
Hammam el-Ushabir 31°30′12″N34°27′53″E / 31.5033°N 34.4647°E / 31.5033; 34.4647 (Hammam el-Ushabir)
  • Bath-house,
  • Sub-surface Material
  • Islamic (Levant/Arabia),
  • Classical/Pre-Islamic (Levant)
 [61]
Hamman al Samara
Hamam as-Sammara - 1920s.jpg
31°30′13″N34°27′50″E / 31.5037°N 34.4638°E / 31.5037; 34.4638 (Hamman al Samara) Bath-houseIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [62]
Ibn Othman Mosque
Ibn Othman Mosque.jpg
31°30′00″N34°28′10″E / 31.5001°N 34.4694°E / 31.5001; 34.4694 (Ibn Othman Mosque) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [63]
Jabaliya Byzantine Church 31°31′31″N34°29′58″E / 31.5253°N 34.4994°E / 31.5253; 34.4994 (Jabaliya Byzantine Church) Church/ChapelClassical/Pre-Islamic (Levant) [64]
Jabaliya old town 31°31′35″N34°29′03″E / 31.5265°N 34.4841°E / 31.5265; 34.4841 (Jabaliya old town)
  • Building,
  • Settlement/Habitation Site,
  • Road/Track,
  • House/Dwelling
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [65]
Jami esh Sham'ah 31°30′06″N34°27′42″E / 31.5018°N 34.4618°E / 31.5018; 34.4618 (Jami esh Sham'ah) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [66]
Jami Katig el Wilaya 31°30′15″N34°27′44″E / 31.5041°N 34.4622°E / 31.5041; 34.4622 (Jami Katig el Wilaya) Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [67]
Jemia Well 31°30′14″N34°28′08″E / 31.504°N 34.4689°E / 31.504; 34.4689 (Jemia Well) WellUnknown [68]
Khan Abu Khadra 31°30′21″N34°27′45″E / 31.5059°N 34.4624°E / 31.5059; 34.4624 (Khan Abu Khadra) Market/Commercial UnitIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [69]
Khan el Ma'arif 31°30′23″N34°27′43″E / 31.5063°N 34.4619°E / 31.5063; 34.4619 (Khan el Ma'arif) Market/Commercial UnitIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [70]
Khan es Zeit 31°30′13″N34°27′50″E / 31.5037°N 34.4638°E / 31.5037; 34.4638 (Khan es Zeit) Market/Commercial UnitIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [71]
Khan Yunus 31°20′45″N34°18′39″E / 31.3457°N 34.3108°E / 31.3457; 34.3108 (Khan Yunus)
  • Watchtower/Observation Post,
  • Caravanserai/Khan
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [72]
Khirbet Abu Qashta 31°15′41″N34°15′51″E / 31.2613°N 34.2642°E / 31.2613; 34.2642 (Khirbet Abu Qashta)
  • Farm Building,
  • House/Dwelling
Unknown [73]
Khirbet Aslan 31°33′00″N34°29′34″E / 31.55°N 34.4928°E / 31.55; 34.4928 (Khirbet Aslan)
  • House/Dwelling,
  • Building
Unknown [74]
Khirbet el-'Adas 31°17′08″N34°16′31″E / 31.2856°N 34.2752°E / 31.2856; 34.2752 (Khirbet el-'Adas)
  • Building,
  • House/Dwelling,
  • Farm Building
Unknown [75]
Khirbet el-Bard 31°16′51″N34°18′06″E / 31.2808°N 34.3016°E / 31.2808; 34.3016 (Khirbet el-Bard)
  • Farm Building,
  • Grove/Garden/Orchard,
  • House/Dwelling
Unknown [76]
Khirbet el-Bureij 31°26′44″N34°24′32″E / 31.4455°N 34.4088°E / 31.4455; 34.4088 (Khirbet el-Bureij)
  • Farm Building,
  • Building
Unknown [77]
Khirbet el-Esra' 31°14′48″N34°16′34″E / 31.2466°N 34.2762°E / 31.2466; 34.2762 (Khirbet el-Esra')
  • Farm Building,
  • Field System,
  • House/Dwelling
Unknown [78]
Khirbet en-Nuseira 31°27′24″N34°26′32″E / 31.4567°N 34.4422°E / 31.4567; 34.4422 (Khirbet en-Nuseira)
  • Farm Building,
  • House/Dwelling,
  • Building
Unknown [79]
Khirbet er-Rasm, el-Khirbeh 31°26′12″N34°24′48″E / 31.4367°N 34.4133°E / 31.4367; 34.4133 (Khirbet er-Rasm, el-Khirbeh)
  • Farm Building,
  • Building,
  • House/Dwelling
Unknown [80]
Khirbet es-Sawaqi 31°31′25″N34°29′20″E / 31.5236°N 34.489°E / 31.5236; 34.489 (Khirbet es-Sawaqi)
  • Tell,
  • House/Dwelling
Unknown [81]
Khirbet es-Sira 31°26′51″N34°25′56″E / 31.4474°N 34.4321°E / 31.4474; 34.4321 (Khirbet es-Sira)
  • Farm Building,
  • House/Dwelling,
  • Building
Unknown [82]
Khirbet esh-Shallouf 31°27′59″N34°25′45″E / 31.4665°N 34.4293°E / 31.4665; 34.4293 (Khirbet esh-Shallouf)
  • Farm Building,
  • Building,
  • House/Dwelling
Unknown [83]
Khirbet Ikhza'a 31°18′16″N34°21′24″E / 31.3044°N 34.3568°E / 31.3044; 34.3568 (Khirbet Ikhza'a)
  • Farm Building,
  • Grove/Garden/Orchard,
  • House/Dwelling
  • Classical/Pre-Islamic (Levant),
  • Islamic (Levant/Arabia)
 [84]
Khirbet Rafah 31°17′54″N34°14′33″E / 31.2984°N 34.2426°E / 31.2984; 34.2426 (Khirbet Rafah)
  • House/Dwelling,
  • Farm Building
Classical/Pre-Islamic (Levant) [85]
Khirbet Souq Mazen 31°21′52″N34°21′06″E / 31.3644°N 34.3517°E / 31.3644; 34.3517 (Khirbet Souq Mazen)
  • Production/Processing (Agricultural),
  • House/Dwelling,
  • Farm Building
Unknown [86]
Khirbet Zeita 31°33′07″N34°33′00″E / 31.552°N 34.55°E / 31.552; 34.55 (Khirbet Zeita) TellUnknown [87]
Latin Convent 31°30′08″N34°27′52″E / 31.5021°N 34.4645°E / 31.5021; 34.4645 (Latin Convent) Monastic Complex
  • Islamic (Levant/Arabia),
  • Contemporary Islamic (MENA)
 [88]
Maioumas 31°31′49″N34°26′24″E / 31.5304°N 34.44°E / 31.5304; 34.44 (Maioumas)
  • Settlement/Habitation Site,
  • Port/Harbour,
  • Ramparts/Fortification/ Defensive Earthwork,
  • Synagogue
  • Classical/Pre-Islamic (Levant),
  • Islamic (Levant/Arabia)
Includes the 6th-century Gaza synagogue [89]
Maqam el-Khader 31°25′07″N34°21′12″E / 31.4186°N 34.3534°E / 31.4186; 34.3534 (Maqam el-Khader)
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial,
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [90]
Maqam el-Khalili 31°19′21″N34°20′50″E / 31.3225°N 34.3473°E / 31.3225; 34.3473 (Maqam el-Khalili)
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial,
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [91]
Qa' el-Khirbeh 31°18′53″N34°18′32″E / 31.3146°N 34.309°E / 31.3146; 34.309 (Qa' el-Khirbeh)
  • Grove/Garden/Orchard,
  • House/Dwelling,
  • Farm Building
Unknown [92]
Qalaat Barquq
Barquq castle exterior (adjusted).jpg
31°20′35″N34°18′12″E / 31.3431°N 34.3032°E / 31.3431; 34.3032 (Qalaat Barquq) Fort/Fortress/CastleIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [93]
Qasr al-Saqqa 31°30′02″N34°28′06″E / 31.5005°N 34.4682°E / 31.5005; 34.4682 (Qasr al-Saqqa) HouseIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [94]
Rafah 31°17′50″N34°14′35″E / 31.2972°N 34.243°E / 31.2972; 34.243 (Rafah)
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial,
  • Temple/Sanctuary/Shrine
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [95]
Rafia, Tell Zu'roub 31°18′01″N34°14′13″E / 31.3004°N 34.237°E / 31.3004; 34.237 (Rafia, Tell Zu'roub)
  • Tell,
  • Building,
  • House/Dwelling
Classical/Pre-Islamic (Levant) [96]
Reyad al-Alami 31°30′19″N34°27′54″E / 31.5053°N 34.4649°E / 31.5053; 34.4649 (Reyad al-Alami) HouseIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [97]
Sabil Al-Rifaiya 31°30′14″N34°27′58″E / 31.5038°N 34.4662°E / 31.5038; 34.4662 (Sabil Al-Rifaiya) Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [98]
Saiyid el Bawdawi mosque 31°30′26″N34°27′54″E / 31.5072°N 34.465°E / 31.5072; 34.465 (Saiyid el Bawdawi mosque) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [99]
Saqiyat el Qasr 31°29′52″N34°26′47″E / 31.4979°N 34.4464°E / 31.4979; 34.4464 (Saqiyat el Qasr)
  • Water Control Mechanism/Feature,
  • Fort/Fortress/Castle
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [100]
Sayaid Hashim Mosque 31°30′28″N34°27′47″E / 31.5079°N 34.4631°E / 31.5079; 34.4631 (Sayaid Hashim Mosque) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [101]
Sayeda Ruqayya Mosque 31°30′00″N34°28′13″E / 31.5°N 34.4703°E / 31.5; 34.4703 (Sayeda Ruqayya Mosque) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutClassical/Pre-Islamic [102]
Sheik Bashir 31°30′21″N34°28′17″E / 31.5058°N 34.4715°E / 31.5058; 34.4715 (Sheik Bashir) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [103]
Sheik Kalid Mosque 31°30′31″N34°27′44″E / 31.5086°N 34.4621°E / 31.5086; 34.4621 (Sheik Kalid Mosque) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [104]
Sheik Shaban Mosque 31°30′24″N34°27′40″E / 31.5067°N 34.461°E / 31.5067; 34.461 (Sheik Shaban Mosque)
  • Mosque/Imam/Marabout,
  • Cemetery,
  • Tomb/Grave/Burial
Islamic (Levant/Arabia) [105]
Sheik Zakari Mosque 31°30′32″N34°27′39″E / 31.5088°N 34.4609°E / 31.5088; 34.4609 (Sheik Zakari Mosque) Mosque/Imam/MaraboutIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [106]
St Porphyrius Orthodox Church
Saint Porphyrius Church, Gaza City.jpg
31°30′14″N34°27′44″E / 31.5038°N 34.4622°E / 31.5038; 34.4622 (St Porphyrius Orthodox Church) Church/ChapelClassical/Pre-Islamic (Levant) [107]
Tareq bin Zayed Mosque 31°29′33″N34°28′25″E / 31.4926°N 34.4735°E / 31.4926; 34.4735 (Tareq bin Zayed Mosque) Tomb/Grave/BurialIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [108]
Taur Ikhbeineh 31°27′13″N34°24′51″E / 31.4537°N 34.4141°E / 31.4537; 34.4141 (Taur Ikhbeineh) TellChalcolithic (Levant)A settlement inhabited in the 34th century BCE, providing evidence of interactions between Egyptians and Canaanites. [109] [110]
Tell er-Ruqeish Tell 'Akluk
Features of Tell Ruqeish on the beach (7).jpg
31°25′01″N34°19′37″E / 31.417°N 34.3269°E / 31.417; 34.3269 (Tell 'Akluk, Tell er-Ruqeish)
  • Ramparts/Fortification/ Defensive Earthwork,
  • Cemetery,
  • Tell
Iron Age (Levant) [111]
Tell Abu el-Hawa 31°32′12″N34°26′42″E / 31.5366°N 34.4451°E / 31.5366; 34.4451 (Tell Abu el-Hawa) TellUnknown [112]
Tell Ali Muntar 31°29′26″N34°28′25″E / 31.4905°N 34.4735°E / 31.4905; 34.4735 (Tell Ali Muntar)
  • Tell,
  • Settlement/Habitation Site
  • Classical/Pre-Islamic (Levant),
  • Islamic (Levant/Arabia),
  • Bronze Age (Levant)
 [113]
Tell el-Ajjul
  • Tell al-'Ajjul,
  • Bethaglaim,
  • Tell el-Nekeiz,
  • Tell el 'Ujul
Tell al-Ajjul 997009157541605171.jpg
31°27′59″N34°24′26″E / 31.4663°N 34.4073°E / 31.4663; 34.4073 (Tell el-Ajjul)
  • Tell,
  • House/Dwelling
  • Bronze Age (Levant),
  • Classical/Pre-Islamic (Levant),
  • Islamic (Levant/Arabia)
 [114]
Tell el-Burki 31°31′40″N34°26′30″E / 31.5278°N 34.4417°E / 31.5278; 34.4417 (Tell el-Burki) TellUnknown [115]
Tell el-Fajam 31°20′22″N34°20′56″E / 31.3395°N 34.3489°E / 31.3395; 34.3489 (Tell el-Fajam) TellUnknown [116]
Tell el-Fukhari 31°17′18″N34°19′19″E / 31.2882°N 34.3219°E / 31.2882; 34.3219 (Tell el-Fukhari) TellUnknown [117]
Tell el-Harrash 31°25′16″N34°19′58″E / 31.421°N 34.3328°E / 31.421; 34.3328 (Tell el-Harrash)
  • Ramparts/Fortification/ Defensive Earthwork,
  • Tell
Unknown [118]
Tell el-Jenan 31°21′42″N34°15′54″E / 31.3618°N 34.2651°E / 31.3618; 34.2651 (Tell el-Jenan) TellUnknown [119]
Tell el-Khirbeh 31°32′47″N34°30′42″E / 31.5464°N 34.5116°E / 31.5464; 34.5116 (Tell el-Khirbeh) TellUnknown [120]
Tell el-Masabih 31°18′13″N34°16′25″E / 31.3037°N 34.2737°E / 31.3037; 34.2737 (Tell el-Masabih)
  • Ramparts/Fortification/ Defensive Earthwork,
  • Tell
Unknown [121]
Tell el-Mukheimal 31°18′05″N34°18′24″E / 31.3013°N 34.3068°E / 31.3013; 34.3068 (Tell el-Mukheimal)
  • Ramparts/Fortification/ Defensive Earthwork,
  • Tell
Unknown [122]
Tell el-Qatifa 31°23′51″N34°18′19″E / 31.3976°N 34.3052°E / 31.3976; 34.3052 (Tell el-Qatifa)
  • House/Dwelling,
  • Tell
Bronze Age (Levant) [123]
Tell es-Sakan
mwq` tl lskn l'thry.jpg
31°28′35″N34°24′20″E / 31.4764°N 34.4055°E / 31.4764; 34.4055 (Tell es-Sakan) TellBronze Age (Levant)The remains of two settlements: an Egyptian city (inhabited c. 3300–3000 BCE) succeeded by a Canaanite settlement (inhabited c. 2600–2250 BCE). [124] [125]
Tell es-Sanam 31°27′49″N34°23′03″E / 31.4636°N 34.3841°E / 31.4636; 34.3841 (Tell es-Sanam) TellIron Age (Levant)A settlement and probable port suggested to have been the successor to Tell el-Ajjul. Late Bronze and Iron Age pottery has been recovered from the site. [126] [127] [128]
Tell esh-Sheikh Radwan 31°31′39″N34°27′28″E / 31.5274°N 34.4578°E / 31.5274; 34.4578 (Tell esh-Sheikh Radwan)
  • Tell,
  • Ramparts/Fortification/ Defensive Earthwork
Unknown [129]
Tell et Tineh 31°30′10″N34°25′12″E / 31.5029°N 34.42°E / 31.5029; 34.42 (Tell et Tineh) TellBronze Age (Levant) [130]
Tell et-Tin 31°28′33″N34°25′00″E / 31.4758°N 34.4167°E / 31.4758; 34.4167 (Tell et-Tin) TellBronze Age (Levant) [131]
Tell eth-Thahab 31°33′05″N34°30′06″E / 31.5515°N 34.5016°E / 31.5515; 34.5016 (Tell eth-Thahab) TellUnknown [132]
Tell Haboula 31°20′30″N34°20′55″E / 31.3418°N 34.3487°E / 31.3418; 34.3487 (Tell Haboula)
  • Tell,
  • Ramparts/Fortification/ Defensive Earthwork
Unknown [133]
Tell Nejid, Tell es Sanam 31°27′49″N34°22′59″E / 31.4637°N 34.3831°E / 31.4637; 34.3831 (Tell Nejid, Tell es Sanam) TellUnknown [134]
Tell Rafah 31°19′24″N34°13′10″E / 31.3233°N 34.2194°E / 31.3233; 34.2194 (Tell Rafah) Tell
  • Classical/Pre-Islamic (Levant),
  • Iron Age (Levant)
 [135]
Tell Ridan 31°22′55″N34°17′13″E / 31.382°N 34.2869°E / 31.382; 34.2869 (Tell Ridan)
  • Ramparts/Fortification/ Defensive Earthwork,
  • Tell
Unknown [136]
Tell Tin Fanis 31°34′18″N34°30′44″E / 31.5716°N 34.5121°E / 31.5716; 34.5121 (Tell Tin Fanis) TellUnknown [137]
Tell Umm 'Amer, The Monastery of Saint HilarionUmm et-Tut
GAZA003.jpg
31°26′53″N34°21′59″E / 31.448°N 34.3664°E / 31.448; 34.3664 (Tell Umm 'Amer, The Monastery of Saint Hilarion)
  • Church/Chapel,
  • Monastic Complex
  • Classical/Pre-Islamic (Levant),
  • Islamic (Levant/Arabia)
 [138]
Tulul el-Humr 31°29′08″N34°24′59″E / 31.4856°N 34.4163°E / 31.4856; 34.4163 (Tulul el-Humr) TellUnknown [139]
Turbat esh Sheik Hyas 31°30′01″N34°27′51″E / 31.5004°N 34.4641°E / 31.5004; 34.4641 (Turbat esh Sheik Hyas) Tomb/Grave/BurialIslamic (Levant/Arabia) [140]
Umm el-Hajar 31°24′12″N34°19′21″E / 31.4033°N 34.3225°E / 31.4033; 34.3225 (Umm el-Hajar)
  • Farm Building,
  • Watchtower/Observation Post
Unknown [141]
Umm et Tell 31°33′19″N34°29′43″E / 31.5552°N 34.4952°E / 31.5552; 34.4952 (Umm et Tell) TellUnknown [142]
Wadi Gaza
A Gaza boy drags his belongings in front Gaza's only power plant, bombed by an Israeli tank shell.jpg
31°27′53″N34°22′35″E / 31.4648°N 34.3763°E / 31.4648; 34.3763 (Wadi Gaza)
  • Boundary/Barrier,
  • Channel
Neolithic (Levant) [143]
Zeita 31°30′36″N34°29′46″E / 31.51°N 34.4962°E / 31.51; 34.4962 (Zeita)
  • Watchtower/Observation Post,
  • Farm Building
Unknown [144]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Deadman, Willia (8 February 2024). "Endangered Archaeology in Gaza: an automatic change detection system for archaeological sites and built heritage". Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa. Retrieved 11 November 2025.
  2. ↑ Taha 2010, pp. 17–18.
  3. ↑ Shuttleworth 2014.
  4. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186219". Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa database. Retrieved 2025-11-06.
  5. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0237175". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  6. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253412". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  7. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0238504". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  8. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253513". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  9. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0249381". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  10. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253551". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  11. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253452". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  12. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253454". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  13. ↑ Adwan, Issam (24 September 2023). "Archaeologists unearth the largest cemetery ever discovered in Gaza and find rare lead sarcophogi". AP News.
  14. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186596". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  15. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253463". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  16. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253556". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  17. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253555". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  18. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253552". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  19. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253554". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  20. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253560". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  21. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253557". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  22. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253553". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  23. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253559". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  24. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253558". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
  25. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187558". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  26. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187503". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  27. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186177". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  28. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187282". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  29. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253428". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  30. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253427". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  31. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253426". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  32. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186981". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  33. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187267". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  34. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187224". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  35. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187223". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  36. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186287". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  37. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253400". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  38. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253416". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  39. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187541". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  40. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187438". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  41. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187457". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  42. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186784". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  43. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187592". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  44. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187673". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  45. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187693". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  46. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186994". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-09.
  47. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186600". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  48. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186573". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  49. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186448". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  50. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186644". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  51. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186367". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  52. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186974". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  53. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186343". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  54. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187692". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  55. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186160". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  56. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186765". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  57. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0239704". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  58. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186207". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  59. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0239702". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  60. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186920". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  61. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-025345". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  62. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253408". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  63. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253403". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  64. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0239701". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  65. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187305". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  66. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253417". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  67. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253413". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  68. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0239706". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  69. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253411". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  70. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253410". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  71. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253407". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  72. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187401". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  73. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186892". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  74. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186856". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  75. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186939". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  76. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186457". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  77. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186746". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  78. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187203". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  79. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187626". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  80. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187610". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  81. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187589". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  82. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186622". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  83. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187023". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  84. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186244". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  85. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186871". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  86. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187184". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  87. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187001". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  88. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253425". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  89. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0249537". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  90. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187232". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  91. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187542". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  92. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186613". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  93. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0249133". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  94. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253529". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  95. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187490". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  96. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187597". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  97. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253524". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  98. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253512". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  99. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253402". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  100. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253520". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  101. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0239703". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  102. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253511". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  103. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253404". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  104. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253406". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  105. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253409". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  106. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253405". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  107. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0237174". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  108. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253516". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  109. ↑ Oren & Yekutieli 1992, pp. 363, 373–375, 381.
  110. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187377". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  111. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186935". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  112. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187662". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  113. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0239705". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  114. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186224". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  115. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-024953". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  116. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-018680". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  117. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187388". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  118. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186436". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  119. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187027". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  120. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186883". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  121. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186633". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  122. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186427". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  123. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186313". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  124. ↑ de Miroschedji et al. 2001, pp. 78–80.
  125. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187037". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  126. ↑ Clarke & Steel 1999, pp. 223, 226.
  127. ↑ Clarke & Sadeq 2004, p. 36.
  128. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186298". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  129. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187697". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  130. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0194048". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  131. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186702". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  132. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186346". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  133. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186712". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  134. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0194039". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  135. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-018677". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  136. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186406". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  137. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187122". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  138. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186222". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  139. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187359". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  140. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0253418". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  141. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0187271". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  142. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0194043". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  143. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186246". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  144. ↑ "Heritage Place - EAMENA-0186213". database.eamena.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.

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