List of armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Last updated January 10, 2024

This is a list of armed groups active in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since the end of Second Congo War in 2003.

Rebel group	Subgroups / Affiliates	Year Established	Leader	Notes
AFRC			Charles Bokande † “Je t’aime”
Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo (APCLS)		2010	Janvier Karairi
Allied Democratic Forces		1996	Jamil Mukulu ( POW ) (leader until 2015) Musa Baluku(leader 2015–2019; commander of pro-ISIL faction from 2019) "Muzaaya" (commander of Mukulu loyalists from 2019) Dusman Sabuni †
Amka Jeshi		2020	Kasereka Celestin
APRC			Kambale Defao
APR			Meso
Chini ya Tuna
CMC/FAPC
National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo (CNPSC)	Mai-Mai Yakutumba	2006	William Yakutumba
	Mai-Mai Echilo
	Mai-Mai Réunion (FPLC)	2017	Réunion wa Rusasa
	Mai-Mai Réné	2016	Rene Itongwa
	Mai-Mai Ngalyabatu		Ngalyabatu Mangala
	Biloze Bishambuke	1998	Assani Mbokani
	Mai-Mai Mulumba		Mulumba Hondwa^[1]
	Mai-Mai Malaika		Sheikh Assani (until 2020) Kabala (2020–)
	Mai-Mai Napata
	Forces des patriotes pour la défense du Congo - Mouvement de libération (FDPC-ML)	2016	Kitungano Kibukila alias Ebuela Kakobanya Nakalambi Aoci Katumba	^[1]
Groupe JKK / CCCRD		2020	Chimpanzé Hakizimwami
National Council for the Democratic Renewal (CNRD)		2016	Colonel Wilson Irategeka # (2016–2020)^[2]
Busumba group
FAP			Kasereka Ngesera
Forces de défense du Congo (FDC)			Butu Luanda Charles Mbura (until 2013; split into MAC) Madragul
Forces de défense du Congo (FDC)	FDC–Tumusifu	2016	Tumusifu † ^[3]
Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR)		2000	Omega Gaby Ruhinda
FNL			Aloys Nzabampema
FNL	FNL Nibizi		Shuti Baryanka † Nibizi
Popular Forces of Burundi (FOREBU/FPB)		2016	Jérémie Ntiranyibagira Edouard Nshimirimana
FLEC/NG			Lwanga
Patriotic Resistance Front of Ituri (FRPI)		2002	Germain Katanga ( POW ) Baudouin Adirodo Cobra Matata ( POW )^[4]
Chini Ya Kilima–FPIC
Mai-Mai Kabidon FPP/AP			Kasereka Kasyano aka Kabido^[1] Freddy
Groupe Mazout		2017	Sensele aka Mazout
Gumino			Nyamusharaba Shaka
Imbonerakure
LD Mahinduzi			Prosper Mahinduzi
LD Mbilize
Local Defense Ngengwe			Ngengwe
LD Zone			Zone
Mai-Mai Alaise		2017	Alaise
Mai-Mai Alida		2020	Alonda Bita aka Alida
Mai-Mai Aochi			Aochi
Mai-Mai Apa na Pale		2014	Mundusi/Mundus Munanga Babuyu
Mai-Mai Barcelone		2019	Mumbere Baraka Lolwako
Mai-Mai Bede		2003 – 2015	Bede Rusagara (2003 – 2015) † ^[5]	Defunct after death of their leader^[6]
Mai-Mai Kivuwhe
Mai-Mai Bishake
Mai-Mai Brown			Omari Brown
Mai-Mai Buhirwha
Corps du Christ		2016	David Maranatha
Mai-Mai Dario			Dario Syaghuswa
Mai-Mai Délégués
Mai-Mai Éléments Katadaye		2020	Katadaye
Mai-Mai Éléments Mutono		2016	Mutono Mukambila
Mai-Mai Fimbo na Fimbo			Bitonto
Mai-Mai Ilunga		2018	Ilunga Rusesama	^[1]
Mai-Mai Issa Mutoka			Issa Mutoka
Mai-Mai Karakara		2013 – 2018	Karakara Espoir (2013–April 2018) † ^[7] Brother of Karakara (April 2018) † ^[8]	Defunct after death of their leader^[6]
Mai-Mai Kashumba		2018	Kashumba Musagara^[1]
Mai-Mai Kidjangala/Kijangala			Kijangala^[1]
Mai-Mai Kifagiyo
Mai-Mai Kifuafua		2002	Delphin Mbaenda
	Mai-Mai Kifuafua Baeni-Limenzi		Baeni Limenzi
	Mai-Mai Kifuafua Maachano		Maachano
	Mai-Mai Kifuafua Shalio		Shabani Shalio
Mai-Mai Kihebe
Mai-Mai Kilolo
Mai-Mai Kirikicho		1992	Kirikicho Mirimba Mwanamayi
Mai-Mai Kithikyolo		2009	Vital Kithikyolo
Mai-Mai Kombi		2017	Kambale Kombi
Mai-Mai Léopards		2016	Kakule Endaniluhi Muthundo Mutsuva Kikongo and Fabrice
Mai-Mai Mahoro			Mahoro (until 2017) †
Mai-Mai Makanaki			John Simbira Makanaki^[1]
Mai-Mai Mandefu		2019	Nzirunga and Aminata
Mazembe		2016	Albert Kasheke Kitete Bushu (2016–2020) † ^[1] Kabido
Mazembe	Mazembe-APASIKO	2019	David Kiboko
Mai-Mai Mazimano			Mazimano
Mai-Mai Mbulu			Kamale Mbulu^[9] Bigaya Mahugo
Mai-Mai Muhima			Muhima
Mai-Mai Mupekenya			Kati Malisawa^[1]
Mai-Mai Mushombe		2015	Mushombe Muganguzi
Mai-Mai Mwenyemali			Mwenyemali
Mai-Mai Ngolenge			Burairi
Mai-Mai Nguru		2005	Nguru
Mai-Mai Ninja			Kambale Aziza
Mai-Mai Nyerere			Nyerere Bunane^[1]
Mai-Mai PRM/PAREM
Mai-Mai Rasta
Mai-Mai Ruma/Zela Mbuma			Ruma and Zela Mbuma
Mai-Mai Rushaba		2014
Mai-Mai Shingo Pamba		2020	Matabishi Kakuhi Jackson alias Prof Kitwa
Mai-Mai Shoshi		2019	Jimmy Kidegi
Mai-Mai Simuzizi		2012/4 – 2016	Simuzizi Labani (2012/4 – 2016) † ^[10]	Defunct after death of their leader^[6]
Mai-Mai Kivuwhe
Milice M'vuba
Milice Pakombe			Mwami Mbonguma Kitobi (until 2014)
March 23 Movement (M23)		2012	Bertrand Bisimwa (president) Sultani Makenga (military chief) Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero (former president)
MAC, ex-Guides		2013	Mbura
Mai-Mai Jackson MFP		2020	Jackson Muhukambuto (2020–2021) ( POW )^[11]
Mai-Mai Kyandenga MNLDK		2016	Kambale Kyandenga
Nduma Defense of Congo			Sheka Ntabo Ntaberi (until 2017) Mandaima (2017–)
Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated	Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated/Bwira	2020	Gilbert Bwira
Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated	Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated/Guidon	2015	Guidon Shimiray Mwissa (2015–2021)
Nyatura	Nyatura-APRDC		Benjamin Ndikuyeze Bigirabagabo
	Nyatura Bagaruza		Ntuye, alias Tapis Rouge (until 2019) Kagiri (2019–)
	Nyatura Bavuga
	Nyatura Bizagwira		Bizagwira Muhindi
	Nyatura CMC	2014
	Nyatura Delta FDDH	2012	Delta Gashamare (2012–2020) Manga (2020) †
	Nyatura FPDH	2020	Sore India
	Nyatura FPPH		Soki † Kasongo (until 2016)
	Nyatura GAV
	Nyatura Jean-Marie		Jean-Marie Nzayimana
	Nyatura JED		Faustin Bavakure
	Nyatura Kalume		Matias Kalume Kage
	Nyatura Kasongo	2011	Kasongo Kalamo
	Nyatura Kavumbi (until 2019) ^[12]
	Nyatura Mahanga		Rafiki Mahanga
	Nyatura Mudogo
	Nyatura Musheku
	Nyatura Nduhuye
	Nyatura Turarambiwe (Rutshuru)		“Col.” Niyonzima (formerly) Mamba Baziyaka Bosse Mbarushimana
Mai-Mai Uhuru OAPB			Commander Kasereka Muhasa Uhuru
PERCI		2007
	PERCI John Majimbo
	PERCI Kaomba	2017	Mukalay Yumba aka Kaomba
	PERCI Mpululu		Chief Mukimbo (until 2020) † Mpululu Katalushi (2020–)
	PERCI Nyumbaisha		Luhala (until 2013) † Nyumbaisha Mukalay (2013–)
Pisteurs		2015
Raia Mutomboki	RM 100 kg		100 kg
	RM Akilo		Akilo
	RM Bipopa		Bipopa (aka Chipopa)
	RM Blaise		Blaise
	RM Bozi		Bozi
	RM Bralima		Bralima Kelele (–2021) ^[13]
	RM Butachibera		Butachibera Mwindja Weteshi Kabanzi
	RM Charles Quint	2014	Charles Quint
	RM Dembi		Dembi
	Raia Mutomboki Donat aka FPP		Major Donat Kengwa Omari Major Ngandu Lundimu (–2020) ^[14]
	Raia Mutomboki Elenge	2012 or 2013	Heritier Elenge Mupenge
	RM Habikuangaliye		Habikuangaliye
	RM Hamakombo		Bwaare Hamakombo
	RM Imani Bitaa		Imani Bitaa
	RM Jean Musumbu		Jean Musumbu
	RM Kabazimia		Kabazimia
	RM Kabé		Kabé
	RM Kadaradara		Kadaradara
	RM Kampanga		Kampanga
	RM Kasosoli		Kasosoli
	RM Kazimoto	2018	Kazimoto (2018) † ^[15]
	RM Kikwama		Kikwama
	RM Kimba		Kimba
	Raia Mutomboki Kisekelwa		Kisekelwa
	RM Kokodikoko		Kokodikoko (–2019) ( POW )^[16]
	RM Lance		Lance
	RM LeFort		LeFort
	RM Lukoba		Lukoba
	RM Mabala	2012	Mabala Wemba Mese (2012–2020) † Justin Mabala (2020–2022) ^[17]
	RM Mabuli		Mabuli Mwanadamu (–2021) ^[18]
	RM Machite		Machite
	RM Maheshe	2013	Kashi Maheshe (2013–2020) ^[19]
	RM Makindu		Makindu
	Raia Mutomboki Mamba		Mamba
	Raia Mutomboki Manyilisa		Manyilisa
	Raia Mutomboki Mirage		Mirage Bitunya (–2020) ^[20]
	RM Mungoro		Mungoro Matafali^[21]
	RM Musolwa		Musolwa (–2021) ^[22]
	RM Ndarumanga		Munyololo Mbao aka Ndarumanga (2012–2021) ( POW )^[23]
	RM Ndusha		Ndusha
	RM Ngongo Lutete		Ngongo Lutete
	RM Omela	2018	Omela (2018–2021) ( POW ) # ^[24]
	RM Puchi		Puchi
	Raia Mutomboki Safari		Safari (–2019) ^[12]
	RM Safari Ngorongo		Safari Ngorongo (–2019) ^[25]
	RM Shabani		Shabani
	Raia Mutomboki Shebitembe		Shebitembe
	Raia Mutomboki Shemakingi		Shemakingi
	RM Shukuru	2013	Shukuru Kawaya (2013–2019) ^[26]
	RM Soleil		Soleil
	RM Vunja Vikwazo		Vunja Vikwazo (–2019) ^[27]
	RM Walike		Walike
RM Wemba		Kikukala Wemba (2018) † ^[28]
RUD-Urunana		2007	Jean-Damascène Ndibabaje, aka Musare (2007–2016) † Juvenal Musabyimana aka Jean-Michel Africa (2016–2019) † Cyprien Leo Mpiranya aka Kagoma (2019–2020) † ^[29] Emmanuel Rugema (2020) † ^[30] Cassien Nshimiyimana aka Gavana (2020–2022) † ^[31] Nsengiyunva Emmanuel aka Faida Hakimu (2020–)^[32]	Split from FDLR
RNL		2016
RED-Tabara		2015	Kisiga Ndagizimana Gervé^[1]
Rwanda National Congress (RNC)			Kayumba Nyamwasa
Mai-Mai Simba	Mai-Mai Simba FDS		Mando Mazeri
	Mai-Mai Simba UPLD		General Michigan Luc Yabili (2007–2022) # ^[33]
	Mai-Mai Simba (Manu)		Paul Sadala (aka ‘Morgan’) (until 2014) † Manu (2014–2019) † ^[34]
	Mai-Mai Simba Mangalibi	Mangalibi	Mangalibi
Twigwaneho		2000
Twigwaneho Makanika		2020^[35]	Michel Rukundo Makanika
Union des patriotes pour la libération du Congo (UPLC)		2016	Katembo Kilalo Mambari Bini Pélé (alias Saperita)
UPCP		2008	Kakule Sikuli Lafontaine (2008–2015) Muhambalyaki (2015–2017) ( POW )^[36]^[37]
UPDC Kapasi			Birikoriko Mingenya (until 2020) ^[38] Kapasi
CODECO			Justin Ngudjolo (until 2020) †
	CODECO–ALC	2020	Justin Gbesi aka “Le Petit Loup de la Montagne”
	CODECO–BTD	2020
	CODECO-ARDPC	2020
	CODECO-FDBC	2020
	CODECO-URDPC	2020	Songa Mbele (2020–2022) ^[39] Désiré Londroma Bassa Zukpa
Zaïre-FPAC		2020	Zawadi Vajeru^[40]	Anti-CODECO

Related Research Articles

The Ituri conflict is an ongoing low intensity asymmetrical conflict between the agriculturalist Lendu and pastoralist Hema ethnic groups in the Ituri region of the north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). While the two groups had fought since as early as 1972, the name 'Ituri conflict' refers to the period of intense violence between 1999 and 2003. Armed conflict continues to the present day.

The March 23 Movement, often abbreviated as M23 and also known as the Congolese Revolutionary Army, is a Congolese rebel military group that is for the most part formed of ethnic Tutsi. Based in eastern areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), it operates mainly in the province of North Kivu. The M23 rebellion of 2012 to 2013 against the DRC government led to the displacement of large numbers of people. On 20 November 2012, M23 took control of Goma, a provincial capital with a population of a million people, but it was requested to evacuate it by the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region because the DRC government had finally agreed to negotiate. In late 2012, Congolese troops, along with UN troops, retook control of Goma, and M23 announced a ceasefire and said that it wanted to resume peace talks.

Bunyakiri is a town located in the high plateau of Kalehe Territory in the South Kivu Province in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Bunyakiri is nearby the Bulehe and Mulamba villages. It is mainly inhabited by Tembo, Havu, Twa and Hunde ethnic groups.

Mai-Mai Kata Katanga, also called Mai-Mai Bakata Katanga, is a mai-mai rebel group in the Democratic Republic of the Congo which advocates the independence of the Congo's Katanga Province. It was formed shortly after the group's leader, Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga, escaped from prison in September 2011 where he was serving a sentence for crimes against humanity committed by his supporters between 2002 and 2006 in central Katanga. Kata Katanga means "cut [e.g. secede] Katanga" in Swahili. It has been estimated that, at its height in 2013, the Kata Katanga rebels numbered approximately 3,000 of whom most were based in Mitwaba Territory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 North Kivu offensive</span>

On 30 June or 2 July 2014, the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and United Nations forces launched an offensive against rebel groups in the Masisi and Walikale territories, part of the North Kivu province, in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

The Katanga insurgency is an ongoing rebellion by a number of rebel groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, some of which aim for the creation of a separate state within Katanga. While the insurgency has been active in various forms since 1963, insurgent groups have recently redoubled their efforts after the 2011 jail break that freed Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga, who commanded the majority of the Katangese separatist groups until his surrender to Congolese authorities in October 2016.

The following lists events that happened during 2015 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Raïa Mutomboki or Raiya Mutomboki are a Mai-Mai militia operating in the South Kivu region in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The group formed in 2005 to fight against Rwandan Hutu groups such as the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) as part of the Kivu conflict.

The National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo, and also known as the Alliance of Article 64, is an armed rebel coalition in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The group is a coalition of around 12 different Mai-Mai groups in and around South Kivu province. It was formed on 30 June 2017, symbolically Congolese Independence Day.

The 2017 Uvira clashes were a series of skirmishes between the National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo (CNPSC) and the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) supported by United Nations MONUSCO peacekeepers in and around the city of Uvira, in the South Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The clashes were a result of the CNPSC coalition's rebellion that began several months earlier, in which the coalition declared its intent to capture the city.

The 2020 Democratic Republic of the Congo attacks were a series of attacks which took place in 2020. The attacks were mostly carried out by the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a radical Islamist rebel group and the Cooperative for the Development of Congo (CODECO), an agricultural and religious group made up of ethnic Lendu people. The attacks left at least 1,316 people dead and 132 injured.

The Kipupu massacre occurred on 16 July 2020 in the South Kivu village of Kipupu in the Mwenga Territory in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Gunmen belonging to the Ngumino and Twiganeho militias of the Banyamulenge community attacked the village and reportedly killed 220 people according to provincial lawmakers, while independent analysts state only 18 people were killed.

The 2017 CNPSC offensive was a military offensive launched by rebels of the National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo (CNPSC) on 30 June 2017 against security forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and MONUSCO. The goal of the offensive was to capture major settlements, mainly in South Kivu province in order to raise support for a popular uprising against then-president Joseph Kabila, who the coalition had deemed as an illegitimate president.

Attacks were carried out by various armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2021 and 2022. The attacks have killed 629 and injured 321. At least 82 perpetrators were also killed and one injured in these attacks.

Lemera is one of the groupements (groupings) within the Bafuliiru Chiefdom, located in the Uvira Territory of the South Kivu Province in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is situated in the northwestern part of the Uvira Territory, approximately 60 kilometers north of Bukavu and 90 kilometers southwest of the border with Rwanda and Burundi. Lemera is in close proximity to several villages, including Kasheke, Nyambasha, Luzira, Lukayo, Kajuju, Lushasha, and Ihusi.

Lulenge is one of the four sectors of Fizi Territory of the South Kivu Province in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is situated near the Kiloba and Makena villages, at an altitude of 943 meters. Its capital is Kilembwe. Lulenge is bordered to the north by the Itombwe sector and Mwenga Territory. In the east, it is bordered by Lake Tanganyika and the Mutambala sector. In the south, it is bordered by the N’gangya sector, and in the west by Shabunda Territory.

Katogota is a village located in the Itara-Luvungi grouping within the Bafuliiru Chiefdom in Uvira Territory of the South Kivu Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Situated approximately 60 km south of Bukavu, Katogota is in close proximity to the Kamonyi and Rusagara villages, near the border regions of Rwanda and Burundi.

Bwegera is a village in the Bafuliiru Chiefdom in the Uvira Territory of South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bwegera has an elevation of 952 meters and is situated in the vicinity of the Kakamba and Nyaruhuhuma villages. The region It's crossed by Lake Tanganyika, providing a vital source of water and transportation for the local inhabitants. Bwegera is rich in building materials such as rubble, sand, and baked bricks, making it an ideal location for construction and development. The region also encompasses a vast rural area where agriculture, animal breeding, and fishing are the primary means of livelihood.

Bibogobogo, also known as Bibokoboko in Kibembe, is a village in the middle plateaus of the Mutambala Sector in the Fizi Territory in the South Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is situated in the forested mountains and middle plateaus, overlooking Baraka in the south-west, near Kisombe and Bibokoboko II villages. Bibogobogo shares the borders with Uvira Territory in the North, the Mwenga Territory and Shabunda Territory in the West, the Kalemie Territory in the South, and Lake Tanganyika in the East. The regional soil is composed of metals, including sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium and mercury, making it suitable for gold plating, mercury pollution, pollution index and agriculture. Despite being rich in forest biodiversity, the region is in a state of poverty and insecurity which hampers any attempt at sustainable development. The ongoing ethnic conflict in the region continues to affect communities identified as Babembe, Bafuliiru, Babwari, Babuyu, Banyindu, Balega (Warega), Bamushi, and Banyamulenge.

Kitchanga, also known as Kitshanga, is a town and a camp for Congolese Internally Displaced People (IDPs) in the Rutshuru Territory of North Kivu Province in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Kitchanga is located 119 kilometers north of Goma and 10 kilometers north of Burungu. It also lies near Kizimba and Budey villages.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Letter dated 10 June 2021 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council
↑ THE FLN COMMANDER, LT GEN WILSON IRATEGEKA IS DEAD, 19 January 2020
↑ Nord-Kivu: retour au calme après affrontements des Maï-Maï à Nyamaboko, 3 December 2016
↑ "The Congo's Feared 'Cobra' Warlord Plans to Surrender — Again". Vice News. November 12, 2014. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
↑ DR Congo’s Mai Mai militia leader dies, 31 August 2015
1 2 3 Sécurité : Les groupes armés encore actifs au sud-kivu
↑ Sud-Kivu : le Combattant Maï-Maï Karakara Espoir tué dans la nuit du 09 au 10 avril à Kajege, 11 April 2018
↑ Uvira : deux morts lors des affrontements entre militaires et miliciens, 24 April 2018
↑ Letter dated 6 June 2019 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council
↑ RDC: un chef milicien abattu à Uvira, 26 July 2016
↑ Congo detains alleged ivory trafficker blamed for killings of park rangers -statement, 10 June 2021
1 2 Is the era of armed groups over?, 29 April 2019
↑ L’ex-chef milicien de Raia Mutomboki, Bralima Kelele, s’est rendu à la Force de la MONUSCO hier dans le village de Luhago
↑ Sud-Kivu : 58 miliciens Maï-Maï Raïa Mutomboki se rendent à l’armé, 12 March 2020
↑ Sud-Kivu : mort de Kazimoto, chef d’une faction des Raïa Mutomboki, 19 August 2018
↑ SHINING VERDICT IN THE KOKODIKOKO CASE (DRC), 19 November 2019
↑ 38 Rebels From Different Armed Groups Surrender In DR Congo, 18 May 2022
↑ RDC: 8 localités récupérées en Ituri par l’Armée et une trentaine de combattants Raia Mutomboki contraints à la reddition au Sud-Kivu, 22 May 2021
↑ The Raia Mutomboki chief Maheshe surrendered in Chishadu (Walungu territory, South Kivu) on 20 May with 120 men
↑ Note sécuritaire de mardi à vendredi 31 juillet 2020, 7 August 2020
↑ RECRUTEMENT DES MILICIENS EN PÉRIODE PRÉ-ÉLECTORALE : LE CAS DES RAÏA MUTOMBOKI À BUNYAKIRI, 13 April 2016
↑ Shabunda : le Chef milicien Musolwa se rend aux FARDC, 7 August 2021
↑ DRC: CONVICTION FOR FORCED PREGNANCY AND OTHER CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY FOR WARLORD NDARUMANGA, 23 August 2023
↑ Sud-Kivu : le Raïa Mutomboki « Omela » est décédé dans la prison d’Uvira, 4 December 2021
↑ Thirteen Raiya Mutomboki fighters and their leader, self-proclaimed colonel Safari Ngorongo from Chaminunu village, in Kalehe territory, surrendered on March 26, 2019 with 6 weapons (AK-47) and 95 ammunition to MONUSCO
↑ Sud-Kivu : Le chef des Raia Mutomboki Shukuru s’est rendu à l’armée, 2 October 2019
↑ Shabunda: le chef milicien «Vunja Vikwazo» quitte la forêt pour permettre le développement de son territoire, 16 April 2019
↑ Sud-Kivu : le chef d’état-major du groupe Raïa Mutomoki tué dans les affrontements avec les FARDC à Shabunda, 23 April 2018
↑ RUD-Urunana militia leader Cyprien Mpiranya ‘killed’, 31 August 2020
↑ Rud-Urunana Militia Leader Col. Rugema Bumped Off, 23 October 2020
↑ Rwanda: Senior RUD Militia Commander Killed in DR Congo, 17 December 2022
↑ Breaking News: I Katanga mu birindiro bikuru bya RUD Urunana hateraniye inama nkuru y’igisirikare, 21 July 2022
↑ Tshopo: Après le décès d’un leader Mai-mai, l’Administrateur de Bafwasende veut restaurer l’État à Opienge, 29 September 2022
↑ DR Congo army kills Mai-Mai Simba militia chief in Ituri operation, 22 January 2019
↑ DR Congo Army Says 18 Militiamen Killed, 5 January 2022
↑ Congo's Entrepreneur Warlord, 29 January 2021
↑ Lubero : le seigneur de guerre Mai-Mai Ghislain Muhambalyaki capturé, 12 June 2017
↑ Nord- Kivu: Faute d’encadrement, deux groupes armés menacent de retourner en brousse
↑ Songa Mbele, un leader milice, renonce aux armes à Bunia, 19 July 2022
↑ RDC-Ituri: Le groupe Zaïre/FPAC se transforme de plus en plus en un groupe armé organisé, avec un réseau de trafic d’armes en provenance d’Ouganda, 3 January 2023

Sources

Kivu Security Tracker: Armed Groups

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[un21-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Letter dated 10 June 2021 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council

[2] THE FLN COMMANDER, LT GEN WILSON IRATEGEKA IS DEAD, 19 January 2020

[3] Nord-Kivu: retour au calme après affrontements des Maï-Maï à Nyamaboko, 3 December 2016

[vice-4] "The Congo's Feared 'Cobra' Warlord Plans to Surrender — Again". Vice News. November 12, 2014. Retrieved July 18, 2016.

[5] DR Congo’s Mai Mai militia leader dies, 31 August 2015

[kiv-6] 1 2 3 Sécurité : Les groupes armés encore actifs au sud-kivu

[7] Sud-Kivu : le Combattant Maï-Maï Karakara Espoir tué dans la nuit du 09 au 10 avril à Kajege, 11 April 2018

[8] Uvira : deux morts lors des affrontements entre militaires et miliciens, 24 April 2018

[9] Letter dated 6 June 2019 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council

[10] RDC: un chef milicien abattu à Uvira, 26 July 2016

[11] Congo detains alleged ivory trafficker blamed for killings of park rangers -statement, 10 June 2021

[ist-12] 1 2 Is the era of armed groups over?, 29 April 2019

[13] L’ex-chef milicien de Raia Mutomboki, Bralima Kelele, s’est rendu à la Force de la MONUSCO hier dans le village de Luhago

[14] Sud-Kivu : 58 miliciens Maï-Maï Raïa Mutomboki se rendent à l’armé, 12 March 2020

[15] Sud-Kivu : mort de Kazimoto, chef d’une faction des Raïa Mutomboki, 19 August 2018

[16] SHINING VERDICT IN THE KOKODIKOKO CASE (DRC), 19 November 2019

[17] 38 Rebels From Different Armed Groups Surrender In DR Congo, 18 May 2022

[18] RDC: 8 localités récupérées en Ituri par l’Armée et une trentaine de combattants Raia Mutomboki contraints à la reddition au Sud-Kivu, 22 May 2021

[19] The Raia Mutomboki chief Maheshe surrendered in Chishadu (Walungu territory, South Kivu) on 20 May with 120 men

[20] Note sécuritaire de mardi à vendredi 31 juillet 2020, 7 August 2020

[21] RECRUTEMENT DES MILICIENS EN PÉRIODE PRÉ-ÉLECTORALE : LE CAS DES RAÏA MUTOMBOKI À BUNYAKIRI, 13 April 2016

[22] Shabunda : le Chef milicien Musolwa se rend aux FARDC, 7 August 2021

[23] DRC: CONVICTION FOR FORCED PREGNANCY AND OTHER CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY FOR WARLORD NDARUMANGA, 23 August 2023

[24] Sud-Kivu : le Raïa Mutomboki « Omela » est décédé dans la prison d’Uvira, 4 December 2021

[25] Thirteen Raiya Mutomboki fighters and their leader, self-proclaimed colonel Safari Ngorongo from Chaminunu village, in Kalehe territory, surrendered on March 26, 2019 with 6 weapons (AK-47) and 95 ammunition to MONUSCO

[26] Sud-Kivu : Le chef des Raia Mutomboki Shukuru s’est rendu à l’armée, 2 October 2019

[27] Shabunda: le chef milicien «Vunja Vikwazo» quitte la forêt pour permettre le développement de son territoire, 16 April 2019

[28] Sud-Kivu : le chef d’état-major du groupe Raïa Mutomoki tué dans les affrontements avec les FARDC à Shabunda, 23 April 2018

[29] RUD-Urunana militia leader Cyprien Mpiranya ‘killed’, 31 August 2020

[30] Rud-Urunana Militia Leader Col. Rugema Bumped Off, 23 October 2020

[31] Rwanda: Senior RUD Militia Commander Killed in DR Congo, 17 December 2022

[32] Breaking News: I Katanga mu birindiro bikuru bya RUD Urunana hateraniye inama nkuru y’igisirikare, 21 July 2022

[33] Tshopo: Après le décès d’un leader Mai-mai, l’Administrateur de Bafwasende veut restaurer l’État à Opienge, 29 September 2022

[34] DR Congo army kills Mai-Mai Simba militia chief in Ituri operation, 22 January 2019

[35] DR Congo Army Says 18 Militiamen Killed, 5 January 2022

[36] Congo's Entrepreneur Warlord, 29 January 2021

[37] Lubero : le seigneur de guerre Mai-Mai Ghislain Muhambalyaki capturé, 12 June 2017

[38] Nord- Kivu: Faute d’encadrement, deux groupes armés menacent de retourner en brousse

[39] Songa Mbele, un leader milice, renonce aux armes à Bunia, 19 July 2022

[40] RDC-Ituri: Le groupe Zaïre/FPAC se transforme de plus en plus en un groupe armé organisé, avec un réseau de trafic d’armes en provenance d’Ouganda, 3 January 2023

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]