List of cardiovascular clinical trials

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This is a list of cardiovascular clinical trials, categorized and alphabetized.

Contents

Acute coronary syndrome

Arrhythmias

Atrial fibrillation

Coronary artery disease

Epidemiology

Heart failure

Hypertension

Lipids

Valvular diseases

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Statin</span> Class of drugs to lower cholesterol

Statins are a class of medications that reduce illness and mortality in people who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. They are the most commonly prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study</span>

The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, was a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, which provided the initial data that supported the use of the cholesterol-lowering drug, simvastatin, in people with a moderately raised cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD); that is people who had previously had a heart attack or angina. The study was sponsored by the pharmaceutical company Merck and enrolled 4,444 people from 94 centres in Scandinavia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fibrate</span> Class of chemical compounds

In pharmacology, the fibrates are a class of amphipathic carboxylic acids and esters. They are derivatives of fibric acid. They are used for a range of metabolic disorders, mainly hypercholesterolemia, and are therefore hypolipidemic agents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cardiovascular disease</span> Class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels. CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes: coronary artery diseases, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis.

Dyslipidemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high or low amounts of any or all lipids or lipoproteins in the blood. Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), which include coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease. Although dyslipidemia is a risk factor for ASCVD, abnormal levels don't mean that lipid lowering agents need to be started. Other factors, such as comorbid conditions and lifestyle in addition to dyslipidemia, is considered in a cardiovascular risk assessment. In developed countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood. This is often due to diet and lifestyle. Prolonged elevation of insulin resistance can also lead to dyslipidemia. Likewise, increased levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) may cause dyslipidemia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heart Protection Study</span>

The Heart Protection Study was a randomized controlled trial run by the Clinical Trial Service Unit, and funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the British Heart Foundation (BHF) in the United Kingdom. It studied the use of the cholesterol lowering drug, simvastatin 40 mg and vitamin supplementation in people who were at risk of cardiovascular disease. It was led by Jane Armitage, an epidemiologist at the Clinical Trial Service Unit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atorvastatin</span> Cholesterol-lowering medication

Atorvastatin is a statin medication used to prevent cardiovascular disease in those at high risk and to treat abnormal lipid levels. For the prevention of cardiovascular disease, statins are a first-line treatment. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simvastatin</span> Lipid-lowering medication

Simvastatin, sold under the brand name Zocor among others, is a statin, a type of lipid-lowering medication. It is used along with exercise, diet, and weight loss to decrease elevated lipid levels. It is also used to decrease the risk of heart problems in those at high risk. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ezetimibe</span> Medication used to treat high cholesterol

Ezetimibe is a medication used to treat high blood cholesterol and certain other lipid abnormalities. Generally it is used together with dietary changes and a statin. Alone, it is less preferred than a statin. It is taken by mouth. It is also available in the fixed combinations ezetimibe/simvastatin, ezetimibe/atorvastatin, ezetimibe/rosuvastatin, and ezetimibe/bempedoic acid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ezetimibe/simvastatin</span> Drug combination used for the treatment of dyslipidemia

Ezetimibe/simvastatin is a drug combination used for the treatment of dyslipidemia. It is a combination of ezetimibe and the statin drug simvastatin.

In clinical trials, a surrogate endpoint is a measure of effect of a specific treatment that may correlate with a real clinical endpoint but does not necessarily have a guaranteed relationship. The National Institutes of Health (USA) defines surrogate endpoint as "a biomarker intended to substitute for a clinical endpoint".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Torcetrapib</span> Chemical compound

Torcetrapib was a drug being developed to treat hypercholesterolemia and prevent cardiovascular disease. Its development was halted in 2006 when phase III studies showed excessive all-cause mortality in the treatment group receiving a combination of atorvastatin (Lipitor) and torcetrapib.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Ridker</span> American epidemiologist and academic

Paul M. Ridker is a cardiovascular epidemiologist and biomedical researcher. He is currently the Eugene Braunwald Professor of Medicine at Harvard University and Brigham and Women's Hospital, where he directs the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Ridker also holds an appointment as Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Familial hypercholesterolemia</span> Genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels, specifically very high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, in the blood and early cardiovascular diseases. The most common mutations diminish the number of functional LDL receptors in the liver or produce abnormal LDL receptors that never go to the cell surface to function properly. Since the underlying body biochemistry is slightly different in individuals with FH, their high cholesterol levels are less responsive to the kinds of cholesterol control methods which are usually more effective in people without FH. Nevertheless, treatment is usually effective.

The JUPITER trial was a clinical trial aimed at evaluating whether statins reduce heart attacks and strokes in people with normal cholesterol levels.

Polycap is a specific five-in-one fixed dose combination polypill created by Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited of Ahmedabad, India that combines moderate levels of five different medications in a single, one-a-day pill aimed at reducing/preventing heart attacks and strokes.

Bempedoic acid, sold under the brand name Nexletol among others, is a medication for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study was a landmark randomized controlled trial, published in 1995, that investigated the effects of pravastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, on primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in men with hypercholesterolemia. Conducted in the early 1990s, this study provided critical evidence on the benefits of statins in reducing cardiovascular events in individuals without a history of CHD. It concluded that statin treatment reduced CHD events by 31% after nearly five years of treatment.

Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with Low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcomes was a randomized control trial designed to assess the efficacy of niacin (extended-release) added to statin therapy in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These patients had well-controlled low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol but persistently low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and elevated triglycerides. 3,414 patients with established ASCVD were enrolled. The mean follow-up period was three years. The trial was stopped early due to a lack of efficacy and a trend towards an increase in the incidence of ischemic stroke.

References

  1. ↑ Hennekens, Charles H. (February 1998). "Trials of Thrombolytic Therapy : The International Studies of Infarct Survival Experience". Journal of Interventional Cardiology. 11 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8183.1998.tb00089.x.
  2. ↑ Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators (10 August 1989). "Preliminary Report: Effect of Encainide and Flecainide on Mortality in a Randomized Trial of Arrhythmia Suppression after Myocardial Infarction". New England Journal of Medicine. 321 (6): 406–412. doi:10.1056/NEJM198908103210629. PMID   2473403.
  3. ↑ Echt, Debra S.; Liebson, Philip R.; Mitchell, L. Brent; et al. (21 March 1991). "Mortality and Morbidity in Patients Receiving Encainide, Flecainide, or Placebo: The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial". New England Journal of Medicine. 324 (12): 781–788. doi:10.1056/NEJM199103213241201. PMID   1900101.
  4. ↑ Cullen, K. J. (September 1972). "Mass Health Examinations in the Busselton Population, 1966 to 1970". Medical Journal of Australia. 2 (13): 714–718. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1972.tb103506.x. PMID   5084969.
  5. ↑ "Caerphilly and Speedwell collaborative heart disease studies. The Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Group". Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 38 (3): 259–262. 1 September 1984. doi:10.1136/jech.38.3.259. PMC   1052363 . PMID   6332166.
  6. ↑ Mahmood, Syed S; Levy, Daniel; Vasan, Ramachandran S; et al. (March 2014). "The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective". The Lancet. 383 (9921): 999–1008. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61752-3. PMC   4159698 . PMID   24084292.
  7. ↑ Belanger, CF; Hennekens, CH; Rosner, B; et al. (June 1978). "The nurses' health study". The American Journal of Nursing. 78 (6): 1039–40. PMID   248266.
  8. ↑ Keys, Ancel; Taylor, Henry Longstreet; Blackburn, Henry; et al. (September 1963). "Coronary Heart Disease among Minnesota Business and Professional Men Followed Fifteen Years". Circulation. 28 (3): 381–395. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.28.3.381. PMID   14059458.
  9. ↑ Howard, Barbara V.; Lee, Elisa T.; Cowan, Linda D.; et al. (11 May 1999). "Rising Tide of Cardiovascular Disease in American Indians: The Strong Heart Study". Circulation. 99 (18): 2389–2395. doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.18.2389. PMID   10318659.
  10. ↑ Moss, Arthur J.; Hall, W. Jackson; Cannom, David S.; et al. (26 December 1996). "Improved Survival with an Implanted Defibrillator in Patients with Coronary Disease at High Risk for Ventricular Arrhythmia". New England Journal of Medicine. 335 (26): 1933–1940. doi:10.1056/NEJM199612263352601. PMID   8960472.
  11. ↑ Pitt, Bertram; Zannad, Faiez; Remme, Willem J.; et al. (2 September 1999). "The Effect of Spironolactone on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Severe Heart Failure". New England Journal of Medicine. 341 (10): 709–717. doi:10.1056/NEJM199909023411001. PMID   10471456.
  12. ↑ The Allhat Officers And Coordinators For The Allhat Collaborative Research Group (18 December 2002). "Major Outcomes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 288 (23): 2981–2997. doi:10.1001/jama.288.23.2981. PMID   12479763.
  13. ↑ SPRINT Research Group; Wright Jr, J. T.; Williamson, J. D.; Whelton, P. K.; Snyder, J. K.; Sink, K. M.; Rocco, M. V.; Reboussin, D. M.; Rahman, M.; Oparil, S.; Lewis, C. E.; Kimmel, P. L.; Johnson, K. C.; Goff Jr, D. C.; Fine, L. J.; Cutler, J. A.; Cushman, W. C.; Cheung, A. K.; Ambrosius, W. T. (26 November 2015). "A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control". New England Journal of Medicine. 373 (22): 2103–2116. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1511939. PMC   4689591 . PMID   26551272.
  14. ↑ Boden, William E; Probstfield, Jeffrey L; Anderson, Todd; et al. (15 December 2011). "Niacin in Patients with Low HDL Cholesterol Levels Receiving Intensive Statin Therapy". New England Journal of Medicine. 365 (24): 2255–2267. doi:10.1056/nejmoa1107579. PMID   22085343.
  15. ↑ Kastelein, John J.P.; Akdim, Fatima; Stroes, Erik S.G.; et al. (3 April 2008). "Simvastatin with or without Ezetimibe in Familial Hypercholesterolemia". New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (14): 1431–1443. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0800742. PMID   18376000.
  16. ↑ Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group (July 2002). "MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo controlled trial". The Lancet. 360 (9326): 7–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09327-3. PMID   12114036.
  17. ↑ Ridker, Paul M; Danielson, Eleanor; Fonseca, Francisco A.H.; et al. (20 November 2008). "Rosuvastatin to Prevent Vascular Events in Men and Women with Elevated C-Reactive Protein". New England Journal of Medicine. 359 (21): 2195–2207. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0807646. PMID   18997196.
  18. ↑ Cannon, Christopher P.; Braunwald, Eugene; McCabe, Carolyn H.; et al. (8 April 2004). "Intensive versus Moderate Lipid Lowering with Statins after Acute Coronary Syndromes". New England Journal of Medicine. 350 (15): 1495–1504. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040583. PMID   15007110.
  19. ↑ "Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)". Lancet. 344 (8934): 1383–9. 19 November 1994. PMID   7968073.
  20. ↑ Shepherd, James; Cobbe, Stuart M.; Ford, Ian; et al. (16 November 1995). "Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease with Pravastatin in Men with Hypercholesterolemia". New England Journal of Medicine. 333 (20): 1301–1308. doi:10.1056/NEJM199511163332001. PMID   7566020.
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