List of extinct cycad genera

Numerous genera of extinct cycads are known, dating variously to geological periods from the Permian to the Cretaceous. ^[1]

Alphabetical list

• Amuriella Late Jurassic, Russian Far East (leaf fragments)
• Androstrobus Triassic to Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus)
• Antarcticycas Middle Triassic, Antarctica (known from the whole plant) ^[2]
• ? Anthrophyopsis Late Triassic, worldwide (leaf form genus, possibly a pteridospermatophyte) ^[3]
• Apoldia Triassic-Jurassic, Europe
• Archaeocycas Early Permian, Texas (leaf with sporophylls)
• Aricycas Late Triassic, Arizona (leaf form genus)
• Beania (=Sphaereda), Triassic to Jurassic, Europe & Central Asia (leaf form genus)
• Behuninia Late Jurassic, Colorado & Utah (fruiting structures)
• Bucklandia Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Europe and India (leaf form genus)
• Bureja Late Jurassic, Russia
• Bjuvia Late Permian to Jurassic, Europe & North America ^[4]
• Cavamonocolpites Early Cretaceous, Brazil (pollen)
• Crossozamia Early to Late Permian, China (leaf form genus)
• Ctenis Mesozoic-Paleogene, Worldwide (leaf form genus)
• Ctenozamites Triassic-Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus)
• Cycadenia Triassic, Pennsylvania (trunks)
• Cycadinorachis Late Jurassic, India (rachis)
• Fascisvarioxylon Late Jurassic, India (petrified wood)
• Gymnovulites , Latest Cretaceous/earliest Paleocene, India (seed)
• Heilungia , Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, Russia & Alaska (leaf form genus)
• Leptocycas Late Triassic, North Carolina & China (known from the whole plant) ^[5]
• Mesosingeria , Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Antarctica & Argentina (leaf form genus)
• Michelilloa , Late Triassic, Argentina (stem)
• ? Nikania , Early Cretaceous, Russia (leaf fragments)
• ? Nilssonia , Middle Permian to Late Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus) (possibly not a cycad) ^[6]
• ? Nilssoniocladus , Early to Late Cretaceous, United States & Russia (stems, likely associated with Nilssonia, possibly deciduous) ^[7]
• Palaeozamia , Middle Jurassic, England
• Paracycas , Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Europe and Central Asia
• ? Phasmatocycas , Late Carboniferous to Early Permian, Kansas, Texas & New Mexico (leaf with sporophylls) ^[8]
• Pleiotrichium , Late Cretaceous, Germany (leaf)
• Pseudoctenis , Late Permian to Late Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus)
• Sarmatiella , Late Triassic, Ukraine
• Stangerites , Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, Virginia and Mexico (leaf form genus)
• Sueria , Early Cretaceous, Argentina (leaf)
• Taeniopteris , Carboniferous to Cretaceous, worldwide (polyphyletic leaf form genus, also includes bennettitales and marattialean ferns)

References

1. "PBDB". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
2. Hermsen, Elizabeth J.; Taylor, Edith L.; Taylor, Thomas N. (January 2009). "Morphology and ecology of the Antarcticycas plant". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 153 (1–2): 108–123. Bibcode:2009RPaPa.153..108H. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.07.005.
3. Xu, Yuanyuan; Popa, Mihai Emilian; Zhang, Tingshan; Lu, Ning; Zeng, Jianli; Zhang, Xiaoqing; Li, Liqin; Wang, Yongdong (2021-09-01). "Re-appraisal of Anthrophyopsis (Gymnospermae): New material from China and global fossil records" . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 292 104475. Bibcode:2021RPaPa.29204475X. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104475.
4. Flores-Barragan, Miguel Angel; Velasco-de Leon, María Patricia (September 2021). "New records of Bjuvia and Nilssonia from the Permian of Mexico" (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica.
5. Zhang, Jian-Wei; Yao, Jian-Xin; Chen, Jia-Rui; Li, Cheng-Sen (2010-05-25). "A new species of Leptocycas (Zamiaceae) from the Upper Triassic sediments of Liaoning Province, China". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 48 (4): 286–301. Bibcode:2010JSyEv..48..286Z. doi:10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00079.x.
6. Vajda, Vivi; Pucetaite, Milda; McLoughlin, Stephen; Engdahl, Anders; Heimdal, Jimmy; Uvdal, Per (August 2017). "Molecular signatures of fossil leaves provide unexpected new evidence for extinct plant relationships". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 (8): 1093–1099. Bibcode:2017NatEE...1.1093V. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0224-5. PMID   29046567. S2CID   3604369.
7. Spicer, Robert A.; Herman, Alexey B. (1996-05-01). "Nilssoniocladus in the Cretaceous Arctic: new species and biological insights". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 92 (3): 229–243. Bibcode:1996RPaPa..92..229S. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(95)00111-5.
8. Axsmith, Brian J.; Serbet, Rudolph; Krings, Michael; Taylor, Thomas N.; Taylor, Edith L.; Mamay, Sergius H. (2003). "The Enigmatic Paleozoic plants Spermopteris and Phasmatocycas reconsidered" . American Journal of Botany. 90 (11): 1585–1595. Bibcode:2003AmJB...90.1585A. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.11.1585. PMID   21653333.