List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 311.121.221

This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 311.121.221 under that system. These instruments are single-stringed heterochord musical bows with an attached resonator but without a tuning noose.

3 : Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).

31 : Instruments which consist solely of a string bearer or a string bearer with a resonator that is not integral to the instrument

311 : Instruments with a string bearer shaped like a bar, or consisting of a sideways board (bar zithers)

311.1 : Instruments with a flexible or curved string bearer

311.12 : Instruments with string made from a different material than the string bearer

311.121 : Instruments with only one heterochord string

311.121.2 : Instrument has a resonator

311.121.22 : Instrument has a resonator that is attached

311.121.221 : Instrument does not have a tuning noose

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.

• 4: Hammers or beaters
• 5: Bare hands and fingers
• 6: Plectrum
• 7: Bowing
  • 71: Using a bow
  • 72: Using a wheel
  • 73: Using a ribbon
• 8: Keyboard
• 9: Using a mechanical drive

Instrument	Tradition	Hornbostel–Sachs classification	Description
berimbau [1]	Brazil	311.121.222	Single-stringed musical bow Toque de Angola on unaccompanied berimbau

References

• von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal. The Galpin Society Journal, Vol. 14. 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR   842168.

Notes

1. Graham, Richard (Spring–Summer 1991). "Technology and Culture Change: The Development of the "Berimbau" in Colonial Brazil". Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana. Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana, Vol. 12, No. 1. 12 (1): 1–20. doi:10.2307/780049. JSTOR   780049. Although this metamorphosis insured the emerging berimbau a higher social status as a Brazilian national instrument.