Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia, was a sovereign state in Central Europe, created in October 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary.
The Czechs, or the Czech people, are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and the Czech language.
The History of Czechoslovakia from 1989–1992 is the period in Czechoslovak history that began with the Velvet Revolution from November 16–24, 1989 that overthrew the communist government, and ended with the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia on November 25, 1992.
With the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy at the end of World War I, the independent country of Czechoslovakia was formed as a result of the critical intervention of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, among others.
The national flag of the Czech Republic or flag of Czechia, or Czech Flag is the same as the flag of the former Czechoslovakia. Upon the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, the Czech Republic kept the Czechoslovak flag while Slovakia adopted its own flag. The first flag of Czechoslovakia was based on the flag of Bohemia and was white over red. This was almost identical to the flag of Poland, so a blue triangle was added at the hoist in 1920. The flag was banned by the Nazis in 1939 as they established a government nominally in control of Bohemia and Moravia, and a horizontal tricolour of white, red, and blue was used for the duration of the war. The 1920 flag was restored in 1945.
The Chairman of the government of the Slovak Republic, also known as the Prime Minister of Slovakia, is the head of the government of the Slovak Republic. Officially, the officeholder is the third highest constitutional official in Slovakia after the President of the republic (appointer) and Chairman of the National Council; in practice, the appointee is the country's leading political figure.
Antonín Josef Novotný was First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1953 to 1968, and also held the post of president of Czechoslovakia from 1957 to 1968. An ardent hardliner, Novotný was forced to yield the reins of power to Alexander Dubček during the short-lived reform movement of 1968.
Jozef Lenárt was a Slovak politician who was the prime minister of Czechoslovakia from 1963 to 1968.
The Czechoslovak Republic or Fourth Czechoslovak Republic existed between 1948 and 1960 in Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was the official name of the country from 1960 to 23 April 1990. From 1948 until the end of November 1989, the country was under Communist rule and was a satellite state of the Soviet Union.
The Slovak Socialist Republic was from 1969 to 1990 a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, when previously unitary Czechoslovak state changed into a federation. The name was used from 1 January 1969 until March 1990. The Slovak Republic was from 1990 to 1992 a republic within the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic, that is now the independent Slovakia.
Ivan Knotek is a Slovak politician who served as Politburo member and prime minister from 1988 to 1989 of the Slovak Socialist Republic.
Peter Colotka was a Slovak academic, lawyer and politician. He was the Prime Minister of the Slovak Socialist Republic from 1969 to 1988.
Brazil–Czech Republic relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Czech Republic. Both nations enjoy friendly relations, the importance of which centers on the history of Czech migration to Brazil. Approximately 500 thousand Brazilians have Czech ancestry. Both nations are members of the United Nations.