List of student corporations in Latvia

Latvian student corporations are a type of student fraternity, similar to German Student Corps found at universities in Germany. ^{[1] [2]} Established in 1809 in Dorpat (now Tartu), Curonia was the first student corporation to be formed in Latvia. ^[2] By 1934, 26 percent of the students at the University of Latvia belonged to a student corporation. ^[2] Most Latvian male corporations are members of the Presidium Convent (P!K!); whereas, female corporations are united under the Studenšu Prezidiju Konvents (Female Student Presidium Convent or S!P!K! ). ^[1]

In July 1940, all Latvian student organizations were banned under Soviet occupation. ^{[2] [3]} During this era, student organization members and alumni who remained in Latvia were subjected to political repression. ^[2] After World War II, many Latvian student corporations reformed in exile, reestablishing their student chapter in Latvia after the restoration of Latvia's independence. ^[2] The dates listed below are for each corporation's university chapter, exclusive of the dates for alumni and non-collegiate activity in exile.

The Latvian Corporations Association (LKA) was an umbrella organization for student corporations in exile, replacing the role of P!K!, which was also forbidden in Latvia under Soviet occupation. ^{[4] [5]} Former members of P!K! helped reestablish it after they were reestablished in Latvia. ^{[4] [5] [6]}

In 2016, Talavija and Lettonia withdrew from the P!K!. and reformed of the Chargieren Convent (Šaržēto konvents or Š!K!/C!C!). ^[7] This was a revival of C!C!, which was an umbrella organization for student corporations that was founded in Riga in 1871 and replaced by the P!K! in 1920.^{[ citation needed ]}

Other similar student organizations, including academic societies (such as Austrums and Latviete) and concordiae (such as Konkordija Valdemārija), are not members of P!K! or S!P!K! but do interact. Austrums, Dzintars, Fraternitas Rusticana, Latviete, Valdemārija, and Zinteniece signed a partnership agreement on April 17, 1999. ^[8] Konkordija Valdemārija was a founding member of the umbrella organization Concordia Seniorate (Konkordiju seniorāts, KS) in 1927; KS was closed during the Soviet occupation and operated for a time in exile before going defunct. ^[9] Austrums was a founding member of the umbrella organization the Union of Societies (Vienību savienība, VS) which operated prior the Soviet occupation and was restored on April 23, 1990, although remains dormant since the mid–1990s. ^[8] While the academic societies were in exile, the Union of Academic Societies (UAS) temporarily replaced VS. ^[8]

Male corporations

Following is a list of Latvian student corporations for males, with active corporations are in bold and inactive corporations and institutions in italics. ^{[10] [11] [12] [13]}

Corporation	Charter date and range	Founding institution	Founding location	Affiliation	Colors	Status	References
Beveronija	May 4, 1922 – July 13, 1940; October 10, 1989	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K!	Violet, Gold, Blue	Active	[14] [15]
Concordia Rigensis	November 29, 1869 – 1915; October 14, 1918 – January 31, 1919; September 1920 – October 14, 1939	Riga Polytechnic Institute	Riga, Latvia	KSCV	Royal blue,   Goldenrod,   Crimson	Inactive (in Latvia)	[16] [17] [a]
				P!K! (former)
				C!C! (former)
Curonia	1808	University of Tartu	Tartu, Estonia	P!K! (former)	Green, Blue, White	Active
				C!C! (former)
Fraternitas Academica	September 16, 1926 – July 13, 1940; February 4, 1990	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K!	Black, Light Green, Gold	Active	[18] [4]
				LKA (former)
Fraternitas Arctica	November 7, 1880 – July 13, 1940; May 19, 1990	Riga Polytechnic Institute	Riga, Latvia	P!K!, C!C! (former)	Gold, Grey, Red	Active	[19] [20]
Fraternitas Baltica	November 13, 1865 – 1938	Riga Polytechnic Institute	Riga, Latvia	P!K! (former)	Red,   Green,   Gold	Inactive	[21]
Fraternitas Cursica	May 7, 1947 – October 1949; June 12, 1992	Baltic University	Pinneberg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany	P!K!	Black, Gold, Blue	Active	[22] [23] [b] [c] [d]
				LKA (former)
				BUPK (former)
Fraternitas Imantica	February 18, 1947 – October 1949 July 13, 1990	Baltic University	Pinneberg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany	P!K!.	Red, Gold, White	Active	[24] [25] [b] [c] [e]
				LKA (former)
				BUPK (former)
Fraternitas Lataviensis	September 16, 1926 – July 13, 1940; September 16, 1989	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K!	Black,   White and   Gold	Active	[26] [27]
Fraternitas Lettica	October 20, 1902 – July 13, 1940; May 12, 1989	Moscow University	Moscow, Russa	P!K!	Blue, Green, Gold	Active	[6] [28] [f] [g]
				LKA (former)
Fraternitas Livonica	October 29, 1926 – July 13, 1940; May 20, 1990	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K!	Light Blue, Purple, Gold	Active	[29] [21]
Fraternitas Metropolitana	October 6, 1924 – July 13, 1940; December 18, 1989	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K!	Gold, Violet, Green	Active	[30] [31]
Fraternitas Rigensis	January 21, 1823	University of Tērbatas	Terbatas, Germany	P!K! (former)	Blue, Red, White	Active
				C!C! (former)
Fraternitas Vanenica	June 20, 1947	University of Munich	Munich, Bavaria, Germany	P!K!	Green,   Red, and   Silver	Active	[32] [33] [h] [i]
				LKA (former)
Fraternitas Vesthardiana	October 8, 1924 – July 13, 1940; March 19, 1990	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K!	Grey, Red, Gold	Active	[34] [35]
Gersicania	March 14, 1947 – October 1949; July 1, 1990	Baltic University	Pinneberg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany	P!K!	White, Purple, Green	Active	[36] [37] [b] [c] [j]
				LKA (former)
				BUPK (former)
Gotonia	March 24, 1922 – 1939	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K! (former)	Black, Light Blue, Red	Inactive
Klints		University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia			Inactive	[2]
Lacuania	December 7, 1927 – July 13, 1940; October 10, 1990 – March 2020	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K! (former)	Blue, Black, Gold	Inactive	[38] [39] [k]
Latvia	February 17, 1917 – July 13, 1940; February 17, 1989	Tartu Veterinary Institute	Riga, Latvia	P!K!.	Red, Blue, Gold	Active	[40] [41] [l]
				LKA (former)
Lettgallia	February 8, 1889 – July 13, 1940; February 8, 1989	University of Tartu	Riga, Latvia	P!K!	Green, Black, White	Active	[42] [43] [g] [m]
				LKA (former)
Lettonia	February 19, 1870 – July 13, 1940; May 18, 1989	University of Tartu	Riga, Latvia	S!K!	Green,   Blue,   Gold	Active	[44] [45] [g]
				P!K! (former)
				C!C! (former)
Patria	September 20, 1926 – July 13, 1940; April 3, 1993	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K!	Light Orange, Green, Gold	Active	[46] [47] [n]
				LKA (former)
Philyronia	July 7, 1924 – July 13, 1940; November 17, 1989		Liepāja, Latvia	P!K!	Brown, Green, Gold	Active	[48] [49] [o]
				LKA (former)
Rubonia	May 18, 1875	Riga Polytechnic Institute	Riga, Latvia	P!K! (former)	Blue, White, Black	Active
Ruthenia	April 18, 1929 July 13, 1940	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K! (former)	Black, Orange, White	Inactive	[50] [51] [p]
				LKA (Former)
Salgalia	June 18, 1927 – July 13, 1940	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K! (former)	Red, Black, White	Inactive	[52] [53] [q]
Selonija	November 24, 1880 – July 13, 1940; June 6, 1990	Riga Polytechnic Institute	Riga, Latvia	P!K!,	Green, White, Red	Active	[54] [55] [g]
				C!C! (former)
Talavija	December 14, 1900 – July 13, 1940; May 23, 1989	Riga Polytechnic Institute	Riga, Latvia	S!K!	White, Green, Gold	Active	[7] [56] [g]
				P!K! (former)
				C!C! (former)
Tervetia	April 30, 1922 – July 13, 1940; June 29, 1989	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K!	Orange, Silver, Blue	Active	[57] [5]
				LKA (former)
Vendia	March 20, 1927 – July 13, 1940; May 15, 1990	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	P!K!	Green, Brown, Gold	Active	[58] [59] [r]
				LKA (former)
Ventonia	November 21, 1917 – July 13, 1940; February 3, 1990	University of Tartu	Riga, Latvia	P!K!	Blue, White, Green	Active	[60] [61]
				LKA (former)
Vetulia	March 7, 1902 – July 13, 1940	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	None	Blue, White, Gold	Inactive	[2] [62] [s]

Female corporations

Following are the Latvian student corporations for females, with active chapters indicated in bold and inactive chapters in italics. ^{[10] [11] [63]}

Corporation	Charter date and range	Founding institution	Founding location	Affiliation	Colors	Status	References
Aurora	May 8, 1933 – July 13, 1940; June 11, 1992	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	S!P!K!	Gold, Blue, Purple	Active	[64] [65] [t]
Daugaviete	September 6, 1921 – July 13, 1940; March 24, 1990	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	S!P!K!	Purple, Green, Gold	Active	[3] [66] [u]
Dzintra	May 20, 1924 – July 13, 1940; October 12, 1989	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	S!P!K!	Orange, Green, Light Blue	Active	[67] [68] [u]
Gaujmaliete	March 22, 1927 – July 13, 1940; January 24, 1990	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	S!P!K!	White, Blue, Gold	Active	[69] [70]
Gundega	November 29, 1923 – July 13, 1940; November 29, 1989	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	S!P!K!	Green, Blue, Silver	Active	[71] [72] [u]
Imeria	May 20, 1924 – July 13, 1940; April 12, 1990	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	S!P!K!	Brown, Blue, Gold	Active	[73] [74] [u]
Līga	March 4, 1928 – 1940; April 7, 1990 – October 4, 2003; April 7, 2013	Latvian Conservatory	Riga, Latvia	S!P!K!	Brown, Pink, Gold	Active	[75] [76] [v]
Selga	February 17, 1927 – July 13, 1940; April 13, 1990	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	S!P!K!	Yellow, Blue, Silver	Active	[77] [78]
Sororitas Slavia	December 19, 1931 – October 2, 1932	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia		Gold, Blue, Red	Inactive	[79] [w]
Sororitas Tatiana	January 17, 1932 – July 13, 1940; December 10, 1990	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	S!P!K!	Light Green, Dark Blue, Pink	Active	[79] [80] [w]
Spīdola	March 11, 1947 – September 1949; July 28, 1991	Baltic University	Pinneberg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany	S!P!K!	Gold, Purple, White	Active	[81] [82] [b] [x]
Staburadze	September 2, 1947		Munich, Bavaria, Germany	S!P!K!	Red, Silver, Dark Blue	Active	[83] [84] [h] [y]
Tatiana	January 17, 1932 – October 2, 1932	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia		Green, Black, Silver	Inactive	[79] [w]
Varavīksne	November 25, 1927 – July 18, 1940; November 29, 1989	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	S!P!K!	Blue, Gold, Violet	Active	[85] [86] [z]
Zinta	April 21, 1947 – October 1949; August 10, 1992	Baltic University	Pinneberg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany	S!P!K!	Blue, Black, Green	Active	[87] [88] [89] [b]

Other organizations

Organization	Charter date and range	Founding institution	Founding location	Affiliation	Type	Colors	Status	References
Ausma	March 21, 1925 – July 13, 1940	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	VS (former)	Academic society (student union), female	Dark Green, Gold	Merged	[90] [aa]
Austrums	October 19, 1883 – August 28, 1940; September 13, 1990	Moscow University/University of Latvia	Moscow, Russian Empire	VS	Academic society (student union), male	Cream, Cherry Red	Active	[8] [ab]
				VAS (former)
Dzintars	February 2, 1947		Göttingen, Germany	Pax Romana	Catholic student association, coed	Blue, Yellow, White, Red	Active	[91] [ac]
Fraternitas Rusticana	November 2, 1921 – July 13, 1940; August 30, 1990	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	None	Student association, male	Purple, Gold	Active	[92]
Konkordija Valdemārija	February 11, 1927 – August 31, 1940; July 23, 1990	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	KS (former)	Concordia, male	Blue, Orange, Green, Gold	Active	[9]
Konkordija Zinteniece	October 20, 1929 – October 31, 2007		Riga, Latvia	KS (former)	Concordia, female	Gold, Black, Silver, Red	Inactive	[93] [94]
Latviete	March 1, 1925 – July 13, 1940; March 24, 1990	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	VS	Academic society (student union), female	Carmine Red, White (Cream), Silver	Active	[95]
Līdums	October 21, 1925 – November 26, 2010	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	VS	Academic society (student union), male	Cream, Cherry Red	Inactive	[96] [97] [98] [8]
Zelmenis	November 18, 1924 – August 31, 1940; 1990 – October 6, 2007	University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	VS	Concordia, male	Green, Silver, Blue, Gold	Inactive	[98] [99] [100] [8] [ad]
Zemgalija	1892 – 1897; July 21, 1920 – February 3, 1941	Riga Polytechnic Institute/University of Latvia	Riga, Latvia	None	Student society, coed (since 1920)		Inactive	[2] [101] [102] [ae]
Zaļā zeme	December 19, 1933 – November 30, 1940	Art Academy of Latvia	Riga, Latvia		Academic society (student union)/vienotne, male		Inactive	[95] [103]

Notes

1. The corporation closed during World War I and World War II. It reformed and has been based in Hamburg, Germany, since October 13, 1956.
2. The Baltic University in Exile was established in German refugee camps to educate displaced people from Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania after World War II. Baltic University closed in the fall of 1949. The corporation was later reestablished in Riga.
3. In the summer of 1947, the corporation was a founder of the Baltic University Presidium Convention (BU PK), an umbrella organization for Latvian corporations founded in exile at Baltic University. BU PK ceased operations on October 7, 1949, when BU closed.
4. The corporation temporarily went inactive in 1949 when BU closed and was later reestablished abroad in exile. It moved to Riga in 1992 and became associated with the University of Latvia in the mid-1990s.
5. The corporation went inactive when BU closed in 1949. It was reformed as an alumni group in exile and became active in Latvia in 1990 and now has chapters in Riga and Jūrmala.
6. Corporation was formed in Moscow, Russia, and was originally called Fraternitas Moscoviensis. It became active at the Latvian Higher Education Institution (now the University of Latvia) in 1919. Its name was changed in September 1920 to gain recognition by the institution.
7. Founding member of P!K! on September 27, 1919.
8. Founded in exile after World War II and was, later, reestablished in Riga.
9. The corporation moved from Germany to the United States in 1950. It became active in began its activities in Latvia in September 1992 and is now associated with the University of Latvia.
10. After BU closed in 1949, the corporation went inactive. It reformed in exile in the United States in 1953. It became active in Latvia in 1990 and affiliated with the University of Latvia on July 1, 1990.
11. The corporation was removed from P!K! on March 3, 2020 for failure to meet organizational obligations. Shortly afterwards, Lacuania ceased its operations.
12. Tartu Veterinary Institute became part of Tartu University in 1918. The corporation is now affiliated with the University of Latvia in Riga.
13. The corporation was reformed at the University of Latvia.
14. Patria was formed from the Riga Latvian Student Union (RLSS), established in 1908.
15. Formed in Liepāja by former students of the University of Latvia in Riga. It established an additional headquarters at the University of Latvia on September 1, 1924. It reformed at the University of Latvia in 1989.
16. The corporation was established by Russian students of the Latvian University after a split in the Corp Fraternitas Arctica. During the Soviet occupation of Latvia, it operated in exile in Germany, the United States, and Australia. The corporation ceased operations in 1998. It was never restored in Latvia.
17. The corporation operated in exile after World War II in the United States and Canada. It gradually ceased operations, no longer accepting new members by 1980. It never returned to Latvia as a student organization.
18. The corporation was reformed at the University of Latvia in Riga.
19. This was a group for Jewish students.
20. The corporation formed from a separation of the student society Montānija.
21. Founding member of S!P!K!.
22. The corporation was origially called the Latvian Academy of Music Student Association “Līga”. After exile, it was reactivated at the Jāzeps Vītols Latvian Academy of Music in Riga. It ceased operations between 2003 and 2013.
23. Sororitas Tatiana was formed by the merger of the Russian student corporations Sororitas Slavia and Tatiana. Its membership consists of female students who are interested in the Russian language and culture.
24. The corporation closed in 1949 when BU ceased operations. Its members reformed the corporation in exile in the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia. It began operations in Latvia in 1991.
25. The corporation was formed by nine Latvian students at three Munich universities, in exile after World War II. It was established in Latvia in 1993.
26. Corporation formed from a literary society, the Student Association “Varavīksne, established on March 6, 1922.
27. Although the group attempted to operate abroad, its members in Latvia joined Latviete in 1993. Thus, Ausma never reformed in Latvia.
28. Austrums began operating in Riga in 1919. After exile, it was reformed in Latvia at Riga Technical University on September 13, 1990, and at the University of Latvia on October 30, 1993.
29. Formed as the Association of Latvian Catholic Students Outside Latvia by students who were in exile from Latvia, which was under Soviet occupation. Its headquarters were in Germany, Belgium, and the United States before moving to Latvia on July 7, 1991. As of 2023, it has chapters in Liepāja, Rēzekne, and Riga.
30. Changed format from a student association to a concordia in 1927. Remaining members joined Konkordija Valdemārija after dissolution.
31. Left and Marxist-leaning. Named Stars from 1908 to 1917.

References

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