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The politics of Zimbabwe occurs in a society deeply divided along lines of race, ethnicity, gender and geography. The ZANU–PF party has historically been dominant in Zimbabwe politics. The party, which was led by Robert Mugabe from 1980 to 2017, has used the powers of the state to intimidate, imprison and otherwise hobble political opposition in Zimbabwe, as well as use state funds and state media to advance the interests of the party.
The Zimbabwe government consists of an elected head of state, the president, and a legislature. The presidential term lasts for 5 years, and is elected by majority, with a second round if no candidate receives a majority in the first round. The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Assembly and Senate. Following the 2013 constitution, the House of Assembly has 270 members. 210 are elected for five-year terms by single-member constituencies. Furthermore, the constitution specifies that for the two first parliaments, there are 60 additional seats reserved for women, 6 seats per province, which are filled based on the votes for in the single-member constituencies, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the largest remainder method and the hare quota. The Senate has 80 members: 60 are elected for five-year terms in 6-member constituencies representing one of the 10 provinces, elected based on the votes in the lower house election, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the hare quota. Additionally the senate consists of 2 seats for each non-metropolitan district of Zimbabwe elected by each provincial assembly of chiefs using SNTV, 1 seat each for the president and deputy president of the National Council of Chiefs and 1 male and 1 female seat for people with disabilities elected on separate ballots using FPTP by an electoral college designated by the National Disability Board.
Mutasa South is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Manicaland Province. Its current MP since a 2022 by-election is Misheck Mugadza of ZANU–PF. The seat was previous represented by Regai Tsunga of the Movement for Democratic Change Alliance until he was recalled in 2021.
Mutare West is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Manicaland Province. Its current MP since the 2023 general election is Nyasha Marange of ZANU–PF.
The National Assembly of Zimbabwe, previously the House of Assembly until 2013, is the lower house of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. It was established upon Zimbabwe's independence in 1980 as one of two chambers of parliament. Between the abolition of the Senate in 1989 and its reestablishment in 2005, the House of Assembly was the sole chamber of parliament.
The Senate of Zimbabwe is the upper of the two chambers in Zimbabwe's Parliament. It existed from independence in 1980 until 1989, and was re-introduced in November 2005. The other chamber of Parliament is the National Assembly.
The prime minister of Zimbabwe was a political office in the government of Zimbabwe that existed on two occasions. The first person to hold the position was Robert Mugabe from 1980 to 1987 following independence from the United Kingdom. He took office when Southern Rhodesia gained internationally recognised independence as the Republic of Zimbabwe on 18 April 1980. This position was abolished when the constitution was amended in 1987 and Mugabe became president of Zimbabwe, replacing Canaan Banana as the head of state while also remaining the head of government. The office of prime minister was restored in 2009 and held by Morgan Tsvangirai until the position was again abolished by the 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe.
Lovemore Moyo is a Zimbabwean politician who was Speaker of the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe from 2008 to 2013. He was the National Chairman of the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC-T) party led by Morgan Tsvangirai from 2006 to 2018.
Harare East is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. Located in Harare, it is currently represented since the 2023 general election by Rusty Markham of the Citizens Coalition for Change.
Buhera West is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Manicaland Province. Its current MP since the 2023 general election is Tafadzwa Mugwadi of ZANU–PF.
Bulawayo Central is a constituency in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. It covers the central areas of Bulawayo. It is currently represented by Surrender Kapoikilu of the Citizens Coalition for Change.
Bulawayo East was a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. It covered the eastern suburbs of Bulawayo. Its most recent MP, elected in the 2018 election, was Ilos Nyoni of the Movement for Democratic Change Alliance.
Emakhandeni–Entumbane was a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe between 2008 and 2023. It was most recently represented by Dingilizwe Tshuma of the Movement for Democratic Change Alliance.
Marondera Central is a constituency of the National Assembly of Zimbabwe, covering much of Marondera, Mashonaland East Province. It was created in 2008 from territory taken from Marondera East and Marondera West. Its current Member of Parliament is Caston Matewu.
Elections were held in Zimbabwe on 31 July 2013 for the presidency and to set the membership of Parliament, consisting of the Senate and National Assembly. Robert Mugabe of the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) was reelected President with 61% of the vote against his main contender, Morgan Tsvangirai of the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC–T), who received 34%. ZANU–PF won large majorities in both houses of Parliament.
Pelandaba–Mpopoma was a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. Located in the city of Bulawayo in eastern Zimbabwe, it comprised the high-density suburbs of Imiyela, Mabutweni, Matshobana, Mpopoma, Mpopoma South, and Pelandaba. Its most recent MP following the 2018 general election was Charles Moyo of the Movement for Democratic Change Alliance.
Mount Pleasant is a constituency of the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, centered on the Mount Pleasant suburb of Harare. Previously a white constituency in the Parliament of Rhodesia, it was abolished in 1987 along with the other white-reserved seats in Parliament. It was recreated for the 2008 elections and is currently represented by Fadzayi Mahere of the Citizens Coalition for Change as of the 2023 general election.
Headlands is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. Reportedly the country's largest by area, it was created in 2008 with territory taken from the Makoni North constituency. Located in Makoni District in Manicaland Province, its current MP since the 2023 general election is Farai Mapfumo of ZANU–PF.
Glen View South is a constituency of the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, comprising the southern portion of the Glen View suburb of Harare. It was created in 2008 from the old Glen View constituency, along with Glen View North.
References
- ↑ "MPs and Senators declared elected after 30 July 2018_harmonised elections". veritaszim.net. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ↑ Carr, Adam. "Legislative Election of 2008, Elections to the House of Assembly".