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A fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing material such as coal, oil, and natural gas, formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals that is extracted and burned as a fuel. Fossil fuels may be burned to provide heat for use directly, to power engines, or to generate electricity. Some fossil fuels are refined into derivatives such as kerosene, gasoline and propane before burning. The origin of fossil fuels is the anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing organic molecules created by photosynthesis. The conversion from these materials to high-carbon fossil fuels typically requires a geological process of millions of years.
The Government Pension Fund of Norway comprises two entirely separate sovereign wealth funds owned by the government of Norway.
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Business action on climate change includes a range of activities relating to climate change, and to influencing political decisions on climate change-related regulation, such as the Kyoto Protocol. Major multinationals have played and to some extent continue to play a significant role in the politics of climate change, especially in the United States, through lobbying of government and funding of climate change deniers. Business also plays a key role in the mitigation of climate change, through decisions to invest in researching and implementing new energy technologies and energy efficiency measures.
The energy industry is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, refining and distribution. Modern society consumes large amounts of fuel, and the energy industry is a crucial part of the infrastructure and maintenance of society in almost all countries.
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References
- ↑ "The Lofoten Declaration: Climate Leadership Requires a Managed Decline of Fossil Fuel Production". August 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
The Lofoten Declaration was written in August 2017 at a gathering in the Lofoten Islands of Norway of academics, analysts, and activists
- ↑ "'Unprecedented' Lofoten Declaration Demands Managed Decline of Fossil Fuel Industry". Climate Emergency Declaration and Mobilisation in Action. September 13, 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
the Lofoten Declaration is an important document in that it raises the expectation that nations and states can, should, and hopefully will stop digging us into a deeper climate hole and will ban all new fossil fuel projects.
- ↑ Lenferna, Georges Alexandre (January 2018). "Can we equitably manage the end of the fossil fuel era?". Energy Research & Social Science . 35. Elsevier: 217–223. Bibcode:2018ERSS...35..217L. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.11.007 . Retrieved October 22, 2019.
A major milestone in such appeals to climate justice in the decline of fossil fuel production came with the development of the Lofoten Declaration
- ↑ Le Billon, Philippe; Kristoffersen, Berit (2020). "Just cuts for fossil fuels? Supply-side carbon constraints and energy transition". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 52 (6): 1072–1092. Bibcode:2020EnPlA..52.1072L. doi: 10.1177/0308518X18816702 . S2CID 149822251.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Newell, Peter; Simms, Andrew (July 2019). "Towards a fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty". Climate Policy . 20 (8). Taylor & Francis: 1043–1054. doi: 10.1080/14693062.2019.1636759 .
[support for the Lofoten Declaration] suggests the potential for a broad base of public support, affirming 'that it is the urgent responsibility and moral obligation of wealthy fossil fuel producers to lead in putting an end to fossil fuel development and to manage the decline of existing production'
- ↑ "'Unprecedented' Lofoten Declaration Demands Managed Decline of Fossil Fuel Industry". Common Dreams. September 7, 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
- ↑ "Official submissions call on UN climate parties to address fossil fuel production and financing". 350.org . May 9, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
- ↑ "530 organizations in 76 countries sign Lofoten Declaration calling for phase out of oil, gas as pathway to climate security, strong economy". Stand.earth . September 23, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
- ↑ Rowell, Andy (March 8, 2019). "Norway Set to Divest $1 Trillion Wealth Fund From Oil and Gas Exploration Companies". Oil Change International. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
- ↑ "Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative".