A Lorette is a type of 19th-century French prostitute. They stood between the kept women ( courtesans ) and the grisettes . [1] [2] A grisette had other employment and worked part-time as a prostitute whereas a Lorette supported herself exclusively from prostitution. The lorette shared her favours among several lovers; the Lorette's "Arthurs", as they called them, were not financially able or too fickle to have exclusivity. [3] [4]
The lorettes evolved into coquettes under the Second French Empire and grues by the First World War. [5]
The neologism first appeared during the July monarchy (1830-1848). The name derives from the Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, one of the churches located around the old Breda street (hence their other name of brédas), part of the area of prostitution in the subdivision of Nouvelle Athènes, located in the current 9th arrondissement of Paris It was in this district that they resided for the most part at the time of Louis-Philippe. [6]
Phryne, rich of the good of more than twenty lovers,
And the neck dripping with gold and diamonds,
Irritated about the luxury of the lorettes,
And asks for a decree which limits their toilettes ...
This breed belonged entirely to the feminine sex: it was made up of charming little beings, tidy, elegant, flirtatious, whom one could not classify according to any known type: she was neither [...] a street walker, nor a grisette, nor a courtesan./ She wasn't the bourgeois type./ And she certainly wasn't the honnest/decent woman type.
women of the world departed, scandalised by the neighbourhood of lorettes
Fie upon the fop dog, fie upon the fatuous Danish quadruped, the King Charles, the pug or rascal, so enchanted with itself that it leaps indiscreetly at the legs or on a visitor's lap, as if desperate to please, boisterous as a child, foolish as a lorette, sometimes snarling and as insolent as a servant!
Nestor Roqueplan, the Goncourt brothers, Paul de Kock, Alexandre Dumas fils, and Henri Murger often found inspiration from these frivolous and naive demi-mondaine women. Gustave Doré engraved them in their glory and decay. Nana, by Émile Zola, describes the life and the tragic destiny of one of these lorettes. [11]
Balzac was the subject of vehement critiques for his iniquitous treatment of prostitutes through Coralie, heroine of Illusions perdues, Esther, heroine of Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes and in Le Père Goriot. [12] Balzac also included lorettes in Types de personnages de la Comédie humaine. [13]
Grandville produced many illustrations of lorettes, 79 of which were published in Le Charivari during the early 1840s. He also published collections such as "les partageeuses" and "les lorettes vieillies". [14]
Charles Pierre Baudelaire was a French poet who also worked as an essayist, art critic and translator. His poems are described as exhibiting mastery of rhyme and rhythm, containing an exoticism inherited from Romantics, and are based on observations of real life.
Honoré de Balzac was a French novelist and playwright. The novel sequence La Comédie humaine, which presents a panorama of post-Napoleonic French life, is generally viewed as his magnum opus.
The hooker with a heart of gold is a stock character involving a courtesan or prostitute who possesses virtues such as integrity, generosity and kindness.
The Pont des Arts or Passerelle des Arts is a pedestrian bridge in Paris which crosses the River Seine. It links the Institut de France and the central square of the Palais du Louvre,.
La Comédie humaine is Honoré de Balzac's 1829–48 multi-volume collection of interlinked novels and stories depicting French society in the period of the Restoration (1815–30) and the July Monarchy (1830–48).
Illusions perdues — in English, Lost Illusions — is a serial novel written by the French writer Honoré de Balzac between 1837 and 1843. It consists of three parts, starting in provincial France, thereafter moving to Paris, and finally returning to the provinces. The book resembles another of Balzac's greatest novels, La Rabouilleuse, that is set in Paris and in the provinces. It forms part of the Scènes de la vie de province in La Comédie humaine.
Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes, translated variously as The Splendors and Miseries of Courtesans, A Harlot High and Low, or as Lost Souls, is an 1838-1847 novel by French novelist Honoré de Balzac, published in four initially separate parts:
Le Cousin Pons is one of the last of the 94 novels and short stories that make up Honoré de Balzac’s Comédie humaine. Begun in 1846 as a novella, it was envisaged as one part of a diptych, Les Parents pauvres, along with La Cousine Bette. The book was originally published as a serial in Le Constitutionnel, but during 1847 it grew into a full-length novel, with a male poor relation, Pons, as its subject,
Vautrin[vo.tʁɛ̃] is a character from the novels of French writer Honoré de Balzac in the La Comédie humaine series. His real name is Jacques Collin[ʒɑk kɔ.lɛ̃]. He appears in the novels Le Père Goriot under the name Vautrin, and in Illusions perdues and Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes, the sequel of Illusions perdues, under the name of Abbé Carlos Herrera. In prison, he got the nickname "Trompe-la-Mort", because he managed to avoid the death sentence repeatedly.
Étienne Carjat was a French journalist, caricaturist and photographer. He co-founded the magazine Le Diogène, and founded the review Le Boulevard. He is best known for his numerous portraits and caricatures of political, literary and artistic Parisian figures. His best-known work is the iconic portrait of Arthur Rimbaud which he took in October 1871. The location of much of his photography is untraceable after being sold to a Mr. Roth in 1923.
Gaston Bussière was a French Symbolist painter and illustrator.
Edmond Werdet was a French author and book publisher.
Une double famille is a lengthy short story by Honoré de Balzac. The story first appeared in 1830 under the title La femme vertueuse. It was subsequently published in 1832 by Mame et Delaunay as part of Balzac's Scènes de la vie privée. In 1835, it appeared, in an edition by Madame Béchet, in the collection Études de mœurs. The novel only acquired its present title in 1842, when the fifth edition appeared in Volume I of the Scenes from Private Life, which was also the first volume of Balzac's La Comédie humaine.
Michel Lévy (1821–1875) was the founder of the Michel Lévy Frères publishing house.
Le Voleur was an illustrated literary magazine published weekly in Paris from 1828 until 1907. It was established by Charles Lautour-Mézeray and Émile de Girardin. During its existence, it had a variety of subtitles including Journal littéraire de Paris and Gazette des journaux français et étrangers. In the last decades of its publication it went by the title Le Voleur illustré. The journal published literary criticism, satire, interviews, extracts from recently published or soon-to-be published fiction, and reprints of articles from other magazines and newspapers.
Charles Albert d'Arnoux, known as Bertall or Tortu-Goth was a French illustrator, engraver, caricaturist, and early photographer.
Maison Souquet is a 5-star hotel, part of Maisons Particulieres Collection, located at 10, rue de Bruxelles in Paris, on the outskirts of Montmartre. The hotel is inspired by the Parisian brothels from the Belle Époque period. Maison Souquet is decorated by the French designer Jacques Garcia.
Jacques-Germain Chaudes-Aigues was a French journalist and writer.
Au Rocher de Cancale is a restaurant located in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris, France. It was very popular in the 19th century thanks to its suppers offered after theatre and opera shows.
Plombières is a type of French ice cream made with almond extract, kirsch, and candied fruit.