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Baron Louis Alexis Desmichels | |
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| Born | March 15, 1779 Digne, France |
| Died | June 7, 1845 (aged 66) Paris, France |
| Allegiance | France |
| Rank | General Officer |
Louis Alexis Desmichels, born in Digne March 15, 1779, died in Paris in 1845, was a French soldier, an ordinary soldier of the French Revolution became general under the July Monarchy, known for his role in the conquest of Algeria and relations with Abd el-Kader (Treaty of 1834).
Soldier in the 13th Hussars in the Year II (1793–1794), he cut in Year IV (1795–1796) in the company of guides Horse of the Italian army, and then made the campaign Egypt in 1799 and it became brigadier.
Back in France with Napoleon Bonaparte, he was appointed sergeant, stands at the Battle of Marengo and between as a second lieutenant in the cavalry of the guard of the consuls.
At the battle of Ulm, became lieutenant, he surprises to Nuremberg Austrian rearguard, and, at the head of 30 hunters, is to lay down arms and 300 infantrymen. After this first success, it melts with his platoon on a large battalion, and takes the enemy 400 men and 2 flags. At the sound of the shooting, dragons Tower came load the victors; but they are soon put in place and drop 25 pieces of cannon, a military chest and 150 prisoners. After this action, Lieutenant Desmichels was appointed captain of the Legion of Honour, and some time later, colonel of the 31st cavalry.
It also stands in 1813 during the Italian campaign and during the campaign of France in 1814.
During the Hundred Days, he commanded in Belgium as Colonel of the 4th regiment of cavalry.
Dismissed November 25, 1815, it is called into activity in 1821 and promoted to colonel of the Ardennes hunters Regiment (3rd hunters).
Field Marshal July 30, 1823, he commanded the 2nd division of the 7th military division (Drôme).
The July Monarchy
After the July Revolution of 1830, Louis-Philippe gave him the Finistere department, and in 1832, a brigade of cavalry around Weissembourg.
Sent in 1833 in Algeria, he was appointed commander of French troops from Oran. Since the occupation of the city, the Garabats, tribes inhabiting the Sig valley 50 km from Oran, have been fighting against the French presence, decided to subdue the General Desmichels directed against them (8 May) 2000 men of all arms, and removes four of their camps. 300 Arabs were killed, destroyed douars, women, children, prisoners, abducted herds.
Also in May 1833, 10 000 Arabs under the command of Emir Abd el-Kader, of which 9000 riders come to camp three leagues Oran: General Desmichels thrown in front of the foundations of a bastion, intended to cover not yet completed fortifications. 27, Arab columns attacking the bastion and the city. After a fierce battle, Abd el-Kader should break camp after losing 800 men, only French with two dead and 30 wounded.
On 5 June, General Desmichels seizes the bridge Arzew, whose occupation is to facilitate the attack of the city of Mostaganem, still held by Turkish soldiers of the former Regency of Alger1.
On July 27, at the head of his division, he joined Mostaganem and strengthens it. Attacked by the Kabyle [ref. required], it repels with energy and makes them incur massive losses. At the same time, Colonel Pond won a victory over the Zmélias. Attacked by the return enraged Arabs, the CEF is saved by the General Desmichels rushed to his aid.
The treaty with Abd el-Kader (1834)
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As a reward for his conduct, Desmichels was promoted to lieutenant general (General Division) December 31, 1833.
After returning from an expedition against the Smalas, February 4, 1834, after beating Abd El-Kader, he signed with him a treaty under which France recognizes the authority of the emir of Oran in return the recognition of the French presence in the coastal towns.
This treaty, concluded in suspicious forms (the French text does not match the text in Arabic, much more advantageous for the Emir), Desmichels suffered some discredit. In February 18352, it is removed from office and replaced by General Trezel.
In 1838 he was called to the command of the 17th military division (Corsica).He then became part of the cavalry committee.
Thomas Robert Bugeaud, marquis de la Piconnerie, duc d'Isly was a Marshal of France and Governor-General of Algeria. Symbol of french colonialism, and perpetrator of war crimes during the conquest of Algeria, the numerous homages to him in France are denounced by anti-racist associations.
Abdelkader ibn Muhieddine, known as the Emir Abdelkader or Abdelkader El Hassani El Djazairi, was an Algerian religious and military leader who led a struggle against the French colonial invasion of Algiers in the early 19th century. As an Islamic scholar and Sufi who unexpectedly found himself leading a military campaign, he built up a collection of Algerian tribesmen that for many years successfully held out against one of the most advanced armies in Europe. His consistent regard for what would now be called human rights, especially as regards his Christian opponents, drew widespread admiration, and a crucial intervention to save the Christian community of Damascus from a massacre in 1860 brought honours and awards from around the world. Within Algeria, he was able to unite many Arab and berber tribes to resist the spread of French colonization. His efforts to unite the country against French invaders led some French authors to describe him as a "modern Jugurtha", and his ability to combine religious and political authority has led to his being acclaimed as the "Saint among the Princes, the Prince among the Saints".
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Events from the year 1834 in France.
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Melchior Joseph Eugène Daumas, was a French general and writer.
The French conquest of Algeria took place between 1830 and 1903. In 1827, an argument between Hussein Dey, the ruler of the Regency of Algiers, and the French consul escalated into a blockade, following which the July Monarchy of France invaded and quickly seized Algiers in 1830, and seized other coastal communities. Amid internal political strife in France, decisions were repeatedly taken to retain control of the territory, and additional military forces were brought in over the following years to quell resistance in the interior of the country.
The Battle of Mazagran was a combat between Arab and Berber forces against French troops during the French conquest of Algeria. The small French contingent, holed up in a fortification at Mazagran, near the port city of Mostaganem, withstood several days of assault by `Abd al-Qādir 's troops. Unaware that the French defenders were running short of gunpowder, Abd al-Qādir's troops withdrew after several days of ineffectual activity.
Marie Alphonse Bedeau was a French general and minister.
François Claude comte du Barail was a major general, and French Minister of War under the presidency of Marshal MacMahon.
The Expedition of Mostaganem occurred in 1558, when Spanish forces attempted to capture the city of Mostaganem. The expedition was supposed to be a decisive step in the conquest of the Ottoman base of Algiers, but it ended in failure, and has been called a "disaster".
The Pacification of Algeria was a series of military operations after the French conquest of the Regency of Algiers that aimed to put an end to various tribal rebellions, razzias and massacres of French settlers that were sporadically held in the Algerian countryside. The conflict was an early example of unconventional warfare.
The Emirate of Mascara, Emirate of Abd al-Qadir, or the Resistance of Mascara, was founded by Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi with the allegiance of the people of Algeria to resist the French conquest of Algeria with its first capital at Mascara then Tagdemt after it was taken by France.
Auguste Hubert Warnier was a French medical doctor, journalist and politician who spent most of his career in Algeria. At first he was a Saint-Simonian and was sympathetic to the local population. He thought the Berbers had Germanic blood and a civilization derived from Roman and Christian origins, so could readily adapt to French civilization. He had no respect for the Arab "intruders". Later he took the view that the indigenous people had destroyed the once-fertile environment of Algeria, became a proponent of French colonization and opposed the "Arab Kingdom" policy of Napoleon III. In his last years he was a Representative in the National Assembly for the Province of Algiers. He was responsible for a law that allowed expropriation of land or forced sale to colonists.
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The battle of Oued Aslaf occurred in the year 1847 following the Treaty of Tangiers. It was a battle between the Alaouite Dynasty of Morocco which was then ruled by Moulay Abd al-Rahman against the Emirate of Abdelkader.
The Battle of Agueddin was a battle between the Emirate of Abdelkader and the Alaouite Dynasty of Morocco that took place in December 1847.
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