Louis d'Astarac de Fontrailles | |
|---|---|
 Coat of Arms for the House of Astarac | |
| Born | 1605 |
| Died | 16 July 1677 |
| Parents |
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| Family | House of Astarac |
Louis d'Astarac, Marshal of Marestaing, Viscount of Fontrailles and Cogotois, born around 1605 in Gascony and died in 1677 in Paris. He was a 17th-century French aristocrat, conspirator, rebel and memoirist.
He was born at the beginning of the 17th century, in Gascony, into the House of Astarac[ fr]. He was the son of Benjamin d'Astarac, baron of Marestang and Fontrailles, and Marguerite de Montesquiou. His parents were both Protestants, but in 1618 they converted to Catholicism, and Louis followed in their footsteps.
The young man served with distinction in the king's armies in Flanders, Catalonia and Italy. [1] and inherited from his father the office of Grandensel[ fr] of Armagnac. [2]
Tallemant des Réaux describes him as a man of quality who was "washed in front and behind and very ugly in the face, but who did not look like an imbecile". [3] Loménie de Brienne also wrote that, according to him, Fontrailles was "small, ugly, hunchbacked, but full of fire, courage and wit". [2] Whatever the case, this hump earned him bitter mockery from his enemies, notably from Cardinal Richelieu. Richelieu is said to have once said to Fontrailles, while receiving a diplomat: "Rox Monsieur de Fontrailles, don't show yourself, this ambassador doesn't like monsters". [4] Among other things, this incident led to Fontrailles' hatred of the minister.
A friend of Cardinal de Retz, he corresponded with him from an early age, and Retz wrote extensively about him in his own memoirs.
In 1636, during the siege of Corbie, Fontrailles joined Gaston d'Orléans, the Comte de Soissons, the Comte de Montrésor, Henry de Pérusse des Cars, Seigneur de Saint-Ybard [5] and François de Baradas[ fr] in a plot to arrest Richelieu at the Amiens camp. The Duc d'Orléans simply had to wink to give the signal to his accomplices, but he slipped away at the last moment, and the conspiracy failed. [6]
In 1642, the Duc d'Orléans entrusted Fontrailles with the task of negotiating with the Count-Duke of Olivares for the means of supporting Conspiration de Cinq-Mars[ fr] against Cardinal Richelieu. Fontrailles thus signed the secret treaty, by which Spain was to provide troops and money. But the conspiracy was discovered, and Fontrailles was forced to flee to England; he returned only after the Cardinal's death in 1643, and became involved in the cabale des Importants aimed at removing Richelieu's successor, Cardinal Mazarin, from power.
In 1647, he corresponded with the Count of Chavigny, who was plotting against Mazarin, but in "rather equivocal terms [...] in the assurance that by doing so he would not fall out with Chavigny ". [7] Despite the precautions taken, Fontrailles was imprisoned the same year [8]
He also took part in the Fronde before finally joining the regent's camp, but the young Louis XIV never forgave him for his schemes.
In disgrace, he was exiled to his lands and wrote his memoirs, in which he recounts his role in the Conspiration de Cinq-Mars. On his return to Paris, he drew up his will in favor of his grand-nephew Jean-Paul de Rochechouart[ fr] de Barbazan. He died in Paris on July 16, 1677, leaving behind the memory of a man of spirit, "but of a restless, restless and bizarre character ". [3]
Louis XIII was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.
Armand Jean du Plessis, 1st Duke of Richelieu, known as Cardinal Richelieu, was a French Catholic prelate and statesman who had an outsize influence in civil and religious affairs. He became known as l'Éminence Rouge, a term derived from the title "Eminence" applied to cardinals and their customary red robes.
Jules Mazarin, from 1641 known as Cardinal Mazarin, was an Italian Catholic prelate, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the Kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 to his death.
Jean François Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz was a French churchman, writer of memoirs, and agitator in the Fronde.
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Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars was a favourite of King Louis XIII of France, who led the last and most nearly successful of many conspiracies against the Cardinal Richelieu, the king's powerful first minister.
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The County of Brienne was a medieval county in France centered on Brienne-le-Château.
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Cinq-Mars, subtitled Une conjuration sous Louis XIII, is an opera in four acts by Charles Gounod to a libretto by Paul Poirson and Louis Gallet loosely adapted from Alfred de Vigny's historical novel.
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Louis-Marie-Athanase de Loménie, Comte de Brienne was a French officer and politician, who was guillotined during the French Revolution.
Events from the year 1634 in France.
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