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Luca Savelli was a Roman senator who in 1234 sacked the Lateran in a revolt against Pope Gregory IX. [1] He was the father of Pope Honorius IV.
| | This article needs additional citations for verification .(September 2007) |
Luca Savelli was a Roman senator who in 1234 sacked the Lateran in a revolt against Pope Gregory IX. [1] He was the father of Pope Honorius IV.
Savelli was born in 1190, into an old senatorial family; and married Vana Aldobrandeschi. [2]
Savelli became Senator of the Roman Commune and attempted to extend Roman control over Tuscia and the province of Marittima e Campagna, the later part of the Patrimony of Saint Peter. [3] The Roman militia seized and occupied the castle of Montalto di Castro - directly subject to the Church of Rome - to make it a stronghold in the military maneuvers against Viterbo. Gregory took refuge in Rieti and in May 1234 excommunicated Savelli and a number of his supporters and organized a counter-offensive. Much to the surprise of the Romans, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, who was frequently at war with the papacy, sided with the Pope this time. [4]
Frederick II moved from southern Italy with an army, joining the papal troops under Raniero Capocci at Montefiascone. On October 8, the Romans attacked Viterbo, but were beaten back. The defender's then besieged the Romans at a fortress a few kilometers south of Viterbo and Capocci was able to defeat them. Savelli responded by banishing Cardinal Capocci from Rome and declaring the Pope exiled until he should pay compensation for war damages. To this end, he began requisitioning assets from the dioceses of Ostia, Tusculum and Palestrina and other religious institutes of the Patrimony. In April 1235, Savelli was replaced as Senator. [4]
Savelli was again Senator in May 1266. He died in office that year, still attempting to extend Roman authority and recover war damages from the Curia. [4] His tomb is found at the Santa Maria in Aracoeli "Our Lady of The Heavenly Altar", along with his wife, and his son Giacomo (Honorius IV). The papal tomb was actually designed for Luca's wife Vana. Another son, Pandolfo, was the podestà of Viterbo (1275).
Pope Honorius III, born Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death. A canon at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, he came to hold a number of important administrative positions, including that of Camerlengo. In 1197, he became tutor to the young Frederick II. As pope, he worked to promote the Fifth Crusade, which had been planned under his predecessor, Innocent III. Honorius repeatedly exhorted King Andrew II of Hungary and Emperor Frederick II to fulfill their vows to participate. He also gave approval to the recently formed Dominican and Franciscan religious orders.
Pope Honorius IV, born Giacomo Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 April 1285 to his death, in 1287. During his pontificate he largely continued to pursue the pro-French political policy of his predecessor, Martin IV.
Pope Gregory IX was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the Decretales and instituting the Papal Inquisition, in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III, by means of the papal bull Ad abolendam, issued in 1184.
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Frederick II was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225. He was the son of emperor Henry VI of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and Queen Constance of Sicily of the Hauteville dynasty.
The House of Savelli were a rich and influential Roman aristocratic family who rose to prominence in the 13th century, and which included several popes, senators and condottieri. They dominated the city in rivalry with the first generation of great Roman families, the Colonna, the Orsini, the Caetani and the Annibaldi, later being overshadowed by the emergence of the second generation represented by the Chigi, Borghese, Barberini, Doria Pamphili and Sforza Cesarini families.
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Latino Malabranca Orsini was a Roman noble, an Italian cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, and nephew of Pope Nicholas III.
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Giovanni Battista Savelli was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal. He was born into the aristocratic Savelli family, which had produced two popes: Honorius III (1216–1227) and Honorius IV (1285–1287) and numerous cardinals carrying this surname: Bertrando, Silvio, Giulio, Fabrizio, Paolo and Domenico Savelli.
The 1280–81 papal election elected Simon de Brion, who took the name Pope Martin IV, as the successor to Pope Nicholas III.
With a long history as a vantage point for anti-popes forces threatening Rome, Viterbo became a papal city in 1243. During the later thirteenth century, the ancient Italian city of Viterbo was the site of five papal elections and the residence of seven popes and their Curias, and it remains the location of four papal tombs. These popes resided in the Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo alongside the Viterbo Cathedral intermittently for two decades, from 1257 to 1281; as a result, the papal palace in Viterbo, with that in Orvieto, are the most extensive thirteenth-century papal palaces to have survived.
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Pandolfo Savelli was a member of the Savelli family, a son of Luca Savelli and brother of Pope Honorius IV. He held the office of podestà of Viterbo in 1275 and was on several occasions a Roman senator. In 1297 he strove in vain to mediate peace between Pope Boniface VIII and the Colonna.
Raniero Capocci, also known as Ranieri, Rainerio da Viterbo was an Italian cardinal and military leader, a fierce adversary of emperor Frederick II.
Pietro Capocci was a Roman Catholic cardinal, nominated by Pope Innocent IV in the consistory of 28 May 1244, with the cardinal-diaconate of San Giorgio in Velabro.
Matteo Rosso Orsini, was a Roman aristocrat, politician, diplomat, and Roman Catholic Cardinal. He was the nephew of Pope Nicholas III (1277-1280).
Thomas of Capua, also called Tommaso di Eboli, was an Italian prelate and diplomat. He served as the archbishop-elect of Naples from 1215 until 1216 and then as a cardinal until his death. He administered the diocese of Albano between 1218 and 1222 and was the papal legate in the kingdom of Italy from November 1236 until October 1237. He was the most important of Pope Gregory IX's negotiators with the Emperor Frederick II between 1227 and 1237.
James of Pecorara or Giacomo da Pecorara was an Italian monk, cardinal and diplomat.
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