Lucas Fernando Palacios | |
---|---|
40th Royal Governor of La Florida | |
In office 21 April 1758 –6 December 1761 | |
Preceded by | Alonso Fernández de Heredia |
Succeeded by | Alonso de Cárdenas |
Personal details | |
Born | Unknown |
Died | Late 1761 Florida |
Profession | Military official and administrator (governor of Florida) |
Lucas Fernando Palacios y Valenzuela (?? - 1761) was a military official who served as governor of Spanish Florida from 21 April 1758 to 6 December 1761.
Palacios joined the Spanish Royal Army in his youth as a cadet,attaining the ranks of Captain and Field Marshal. He served in the Spanish Guards Regiment as well,where he also ascended the ranks,eventually being named Knight of the Order of Alcantara and Commander of the Order of Calatrava.
On April 21,1758,Palacios was appointed Royal Governor of the Spanish province of La Florida. [1] Under his administration,the province saw renewed growth of the Spanish population with the arrival of Spanish settlers sent by the Spanish crown from the Canary Islands (a colonization effort that began in 1757 [2] and would extend for 47 years).
In 1759,still under the Palacios administration,the Spanish began to build a stone fort designed to resist bombardment by ships at San Marcos de Apalache (St. Marks,Florida) in East Florida;the boundary between the two Floridas,East and West,was the Apalachicola River. They abandoned it to Native Americans for use as a trading post after ceding the territory to the British following the defeat of France in the Seven Years' War,also known as the French and Indian War (1754–1763). The British then installed a garrison at the fort,but following the American Revolutionary War,the British traded some territory with Spain,which resumed control of West and East Florida. Spanish forces reoccupied the fort in 1783 and strengthened its defenses. [3]
In late 1761,while still governor of the province,Palacios was killed in battle fighting against Amerindian forces in the area. [1] [4]
The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was a theater of the Seven Years' War,which pitted the North American colonies of the British Empire against those of the French,each side being supported by various Native American tribes. At the start of the war,the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers,compared with 2 million in the British colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on their native allies.
St. Marks is a city in Wakulla County,Florida,United States. It is part of the Tallahassee,Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. St. Marks is located on the Florida Panhandle in North Florida,along the Gulf of Mexico. The population at the 2020 census was 274,down from 293 at the 2010 census.
The Castillo de San Marcos is the oldest masonry fort in the continental United States;it is located on the western shore of Matanzas Bay in St. Augustine,Florida.
San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park is a Florida State Park in Wakulla County,Florida organized around the historic site of a Spanish colonial fort,which was used by succeeding nations that controlled the area. The Spanish first built wooden buildings and a stockade in the late 17th and early 18th centuries here,which were destroyed by a hurricane.
San Marcos is the Spanish form of "Saint Mark".
Banda Oriental,or more fully Banda Oriental del Río Uruguay,was the name of the South American territories east of the Uruguay River and north of Río de la Plata that comprise the modern nation of Uruguay,the modern state of Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil,and part of the modern state of Santa Catarina,Brazil. It was the easternmost territory of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.
Spanish Florida was the first major European land-claim and attempted settlement-area in northern America during the European Age of Discovery. La Florida formed part of the Captaincy General of Cuba,the Viceroyalty of New Spain,and the Spanish Empire during Spanish colonization of the Americas. While its boundaries were never clearly or formally defined,the territory was initially much larger than the present-day state of Florida,extending over much of what is now the southeastern United States,including all of present-day Florida plus portions of Georgia,South Carolina,North Carolina,Alabama,Mississippi,and the Florida Parishes of Louisiana. Spain based its claim to this vast area on several wide-ranging expeditions mounted during the 16th century. A number of missions,settlements,and small forts existed in the 16th and to a lesser extent in the 17th century;they were eventually abandoned due to pressure from the expanding English and French colonial settlements,the collapse of the native populations,and the general difficulty in becoming agriculturally or economically self-sufficient. By the 18th century,Spain's control over La Florida did not extend much beyond a handful of forts near St. Augustine,St. Marks,and Pensacola,all within the boundaries of present-day Florida.
William Augustus Bowles was an American-born military officer and adventurer. Born in Frederick County,Maryland,Bowles was commissioned into the Maryland Loyalists Battalion at the rank of ensign,seeing action during the American Revolutionary War,including the 1781 siege of Pensacola. He subsequently established an alliance with the Muscogee and founded the State of Muskogee. In 1803,Bowles was betrayed and handed over to the Spanish,who imprisoned him in Morro Castle,where he died two years later.
Fort Ward was a Confederate States of America fort located in Wakulla County,Florida,at the confluence of the Wakulla River and St. Marks River and named after Colonel George T. Ward,owner of Southwood Plantation,Waverly Plantation,and Clifford Place Plantation south of Tallahassee. During the American Civil War,Confederate troops placed a battery of cannons at Fort Ward.
Mission San Luis de Apalachee was a Spanish Franciscan mission built in 1656 in the Florida Panhandle,two miles west of the present-day Florida Capitol Building in Tallahassee,Florida. It was located in the descendent settlement of Anhaica capital of Apalachee Province. The mission was part of Spain's effort to colonize the Florida Peninsula and to convert the Timucuan and Apalachee Indians to Christianity. The mission lasted until 1704 when it was evacuated and destroyed to prevent its use by an approaching militia of Creek Indians and South Carolinians.
The history of Pensacola,Florida, begins long before the Spanish claimed founding of the modern city in 1698. The area around present-day Pensacola was inhabited by Native American peoples thousands of years before the historical era.
Louisiana,or the Province of Louisiana,was a province of New Spain from 1762 to 1801 primarily located in the center of North America encompassing the western basin of the Mississippi River plus New Orleans. The area had originally been claimed and controlled by France,which had named it La Louisiane in honor of King Louis XIV in 1682. Spain secretly acquired the territory from France near the end of the Seven Years' War by the terms of the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762). The actual transfer of authority was a slow process,and after Spain finally attempted to fully replace French authorities in New Orleans in 1767,French residents staged an uprising which the new Spanish colonial governor did not suppress until 1769. Spain also took possession of the trading post of St. Louis and all of Upper Louisiana in the late 1760s,though there was little Spanish presence in the wide expanses of what they called the "Illinois Country".
Manuel Joaquín de Montiano y Sopelana was a Spanish General and colonial administrator who served as Royal Governor of La Florida during Florida's First Spanish Period and as Royal Governor of Panama. He defended Florida from an attack by British forces in 1740 and launched his own unsuccessful Invasion of Georgia during the War of Jenkins' Ear.
Juan Francisco Buenaventura de Ayala y Escobar was a prominent Spanish soldier and administrator who governed Spanish Florida from October 30,1716,to August 3,1718. The succeeding governor,Antonio de Benavides,a zealous reformer,accused Ayala of trading in contraband with the English,and had him arrested and briefly jailed in the Castillo de San Marcos of St. Augustine. He was eventually exiled to Cuba,where he died in 1727,before he was exonerated and all charges dropped in 1731.
Antonio Benavides Bazán y Molina was a Lieutenant General in the Spanish Army who held administrative positions in the Americas as Royal Governor of Spanish Florida (1718–1734),Governor of Veracruz (1734–1745),Governor and Captain General of Yucatán province,as well as Governor of Manila in the Philippines. Before his successive appointments to these various positions,he served with distinction in several campaigns of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1710,and perhaps saved the life of Philip V,the first Bourbon King of Spain,at Guadalajara.
Pablo de Hita y Salazar was a Spanish military officer who served as governor of Spanish Florida from 1675 to 1680. The territory at the time stretched from current-day Florida west to Texas and north to South Carolina. He was best known for his work devoted to construction of the Castillo de San Marcos in St. Augustine,the capital of La Florida.
Alonso Fernández de Heredia was a Spanish Captain General and administrator who governed Honduras (1747),Florida (1751–1758),Yucatan,the Captaincy General of Guatemala (1761–1771) and Nicaragua (1761–1771).
Manuel de Cendoya was a Spanish soldier who served as governor of Spanish Florida from mid-1671 to mid-1673. His administration is remembered primarily for initiating construction of the Castillo de San Marcos,a masonry fortress whose building had first been ordered by Cendoya's predecessor,Governor Francisco de la Guerra y de la Vega,after the destructive raid of the English privateer Robert Searle in 1668. Work proceeded in 1671,although the first stone was not laid until 1672.
Juan Márquez Cabrera was a Spanish soldier who served as governor of Honduras and then of Spanish Florida,until he was dismissed for abuses in office against the native peoples and Spanish citizens of Florida. He,as did the three previous governors,spent much time supervising construction of the Castillo de San Marcos and other fortifications in the presidio of St. Augustine as well as defending Florida against incursions from the British to the north.
Melchor Feliú (?-1766) was the last governor in the First Spanish Period of Florida's history,governing from March 20,1762 to July 27,1763. Feliúoversaw the cession of Florida to Great Britain by the Treaty of Paris on July 21,1763 and the subsequent immigration of most of the province's Spanish and African inhabitants to Cuba. Some of the Native Americans living in the Spanish Catholic missions also moved away from Florida at this time.