 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(December 2023) |
Lucius Vibullius Rufus was a Roman politician and general who lived during the 1st century BC. He sided with Pompey during Caesar's Civil War.
| | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(December 2023) |
Lucius Vibullius Rufus was a Roman politician and general who lived during the 1st century BC. He sided with Pompey during Caesar's Civil War.
In 49 BC, during the very early stages of his civil war against Julius Caesar, Pompey appointed Lucius Rufus as praefectus fabrum, a military engineering officer. He was sent to the city of Asculum in northern Italia to help recruit men to the Pompeian cause. However, as Caesar advanced upon the city the inhabitants promptly surrendered themselves to him. Rufus, along with Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther and the remaining Pompeians who had not defected retreated back from the city and Rufus worked on consolidating cohorts from nearby settlements. Following this, Rufus and Spinther headed to Corfinium, which was being held by Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, and prepared for a siege. [1]
After the Siege of Corfinium, the Pompeians holding the city surrendered to Caesar and Rufus was taken prisoner. As was Caesar's custom during this time, he allowed all of the captured senators to go free. [2] Rufus remained aligned with Pompey's cause and he was despatched to Hispania to assist Marcus Petreius, Lucius Afranius and Marcus Terentius Varro. [3] [4] Pompey's men in Hispania were defeated by Caesar's forces and Rufus once again found himself a prisoner of Caesar, and he was once again granted clemency. [5]
Upon landing in Macedonia in 48 BC, Caesar sent Rufus ahead to negotiate peace terms with Pompey; believing that due to the favours he now owed and his relationship with Pompey that he would be a prime candidate to do so. The terms posited that both having suffered significant losses Caesar and Pompey should dismiss their armies within the following three days and allow the senate to debate the matter. [5] Rufus met with Pompey somewhere in the Candavia mountains, but rather than discussing the terms of a potential peace he instead informed Pompey of Caesar's movements. [6] Prior to the First Battle of Dyrrachium, Rufus put forward Caesar's peace terms but they were quickly dismissed by Pompey who argued: "What need have I of life or Rome, if the world shall think I enjoy them by the bounty of Caesar: an opinion which can never be removed while it shall be thought that I have been brought back by him to Italy, from which I set out". [7]
This article concerns the period 49 BC – 40 BC.
Lucius Afranius was an ancient Roman plebeian and a client of Pompey the Great. He served Pompey as a legate during his Iberian campaigns, his eastern campaigns and remained in his service right through to the Civil War. He died in Africa right after the Battle of Thapsus in 46 BC.
The Battle of Munda, in southern Hispania Ulterior, was the final battle of Caesar's civil war against the leaders of the Optimates. With the military victory at Munda and the deaths of Titus Labienus and Gnaeus Pompeius, Caesar was politically able to return in triumph to Rome, and then govern as the elected Roman dictator. Subsequently, the assassination of Julius Caesar began the Republican decline that led to the Roman Empire, initiated with the reign of the emperor Augustus.
Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther was a Roman politician and general. Hailing from the patrician family of the Cornelii, he helped suppress the Catilinarian conspiracy during his term as curule aedile in 63 BC and later served as consul in 57 BC. Denied the opportunity to invade Egypt the following year, he nevertheless won some victories in his province of Cilicia and celebrated a triumph over it in 51 BC.
Publius Attius Varus was the Roman governor of Africa during the civil war between Julius Caesar and Pompey. He declared against Caesar, and initially fought Gaius Scribonius Curio, who was sent against him in 49 BC.
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The siege of Massilia, including two naval engagements, was an episode of Caesar's Civil War, fought in 49 BC between forces loyal to the Optimates and a detachment of Caesar's army. The siege was conducted by Gaius Trebonius, one of Caesar's senior legates, while the naval operations were in the capable hands of Decimus Brutus, Caesar's naval expert.
Commentarii de Bello Civili(Commentaries on the Civil War), or Bellum Civile, is an account written by Julius Caesar of his war against Gnaeus Pompeius and the Roman Senate. It consists of three books covering the events of 49–48 BC, from shortly before Caesar's invasion of Italy to Pompey's defeat at the Battle of Pharsalus and flight to Egypt. It was preceded by the much longer account of Caesar's campaigns in Gaul and was followed by similar works covering the ensuing wars against the remnants of Pompey's armies in Egypt, North Africa, and Spain. Caesar's authorship of the Commentarii de Bello Civili is not disputed, while the three later works are believed to have been written by contemporaries of Caesar.
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This section of the timeline of Hispania concerns Spanish and Portuguese history events from the Carthaginian conquests to before the barbarian invasions.
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The siege of Corfinium was the first significant military confrontation of Caesar's Civil War. Undertaken in February 49 BC, it saw the forces of Gaius Julius Caesar's Populares besiege the Italian city of Corfinium, which was held by a force of Optimates under the command of Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. The siege lasted only a week, after which the defenders surrendered themselves to Caesar. This bloodless victory was a significant propaganda coup for Caesar and hastened the retreat of the main Optimate force from Italia, leaving the Populares in effective control of the entire peninsula.
The siege of Brundisium was an early military confrontation of Caesar's Civil War. Taking place in March 49 BC, it saw the forces of Gaius Julius Caesar's Populares besiege the Italian city of Brundisium on the coast of the Adriatic Sea which was held by a force of Optimates under the command of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. After a series of brief skirmishes, during which Caesar tried to blockade the harbour, Pompey abandoned the city and managed to evacuate his men across the Adriatic to Epirus. Pompey's retreat meant that Caesar had full control over the Italian Peninsula, with no way to pursue Pompey's forces in the east he instead decided to head west to confront the legions Pompey had stationed in Hispania.
The Battle of Tauroento was a naval battle fought off the coast of Tauroento during Caesar's Civil War. Following a successful naval battle outside Massilia, the Caesarian fleet commanded by Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus once again came into conflict with the Massiliot fleet and a Pompeian relief fleet led by Quintus Nasidius on 31 July 49 BC. Despite being significantly outnumbered, the Caesarians prevailed and the Siege of Massilia was able to continue leading to the eventual surrender of the city.
Quintus Nasidius, sometimes referred to as Lucius Nasidius, was a Roman naval commander who lived during the 1st century BC and sided with the Optimates during Caesar's Civil War.
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