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The Protectorate was the period of the Commonwealth during which England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the English overseas possessions were governed by a Lord Protector as a republic. The Protectorate began in 1653, when the dissolution of the Rump Parliament and then Barebone's Parliament allowed Oliver Cromwell to be appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth under the terms of the Instrument of Government. In 1659, the Protectorate Parliament was dissolved by the Committee of Safety as Richard Cromwell, who had succeeded his father as Lord Protector, was unable to keep control of the Parliament and the Army. That marked the end of the Protectorate and the start of a second period of rule by the Rump Parliament as the legislature and the Council of State as the executive.
Sir Eubule Thelwall was a Welsh lawyer, academic and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1624 and 1629. He was principal of Jesus College, Oxford, from 1621 to 1630.
Nicholas Purcell, 13th Baron of Loughmoe was the son of James Purcell of Loughmoe and the maternal nephew of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde.
Murrough MacDermod O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin and sixth Baron Inchiquin,, was an Irish nobleman and soldier, who came from one of the most powerful families in Munster. Known as "Murchadh na dTóiteán" he studied war in the Spanish service. He accompanied the Earl of Strafford into Leinster on the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and was appointed governor of Munster in 1642. He had some small success, but was hampered by lack of funds and he was outwitted the Irish leader, Viscount Muskerry, at Cappoquin and Lismore. His forces dispersed at the truce of 1643.
John Reynolds (1625–1657) was a soldier in the English Civil War and during the Commonwealth. Reynolds may have been a member of the Middle Temple. He joined the parliamentary army, and in 1648 he commanded a regiment of horse. He took part in the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. He was a member of the Westminster-based Protectorate Parliament for Galway and Mayo in 1654 and Waterford and Tipperary in 1656. He was knighted in 1655. In 1657 he commanded the English force which cooperated with the French in Flanders in the Anglo-Spanish War and was lost at sea when returning to England.
William Eyre, was an English Parliamentary army officer in the English Civil War and a Leveller.
Richard Herbert, 2nd Baron Herbert of Chirbury was an Anglo-Welsh Member of Parliament, a Royalist who fought with the rank of colonel in the English Civil War, and a peer whose membership of the House of Lords was curtailed by its abolition in 1649.
Simon Thelwall (1601–1659) was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1640 and 1654. He fought in the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War.
George Twisleton was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1654 and 1659. He served as a colonel in the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War.
Richard Price was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1653. He fought in the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War.
Hugh Courtenay was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1653. He was an active parliamentary officer in the English Civil War.
Sir John Carter was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1654 and 1660. He served in the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War.
Robert Shapcote was an English lawyer from Devon and four times Member of Parliament for Tiverton in 1646–1649, 1654, 1656 and 1660. He sat in the Irish House of Commons for Wicklow Borough from 1661 to 1665 and was briefly Attorney-General for Ireland. He fought in the Parliamentary army in the Civil War.
Sir Martin Lumley, 1st Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1641 to 1648. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.
John James was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1653. He served in the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War.
William Collins was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1654 to 1659. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.
Jerome Sankey or Hierom Zanchy was an English soldier and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1654 and 1659. He served in the Parliamentary army during the English Civil War and later served in Ireland.
Marcus Trevor, 1st Viscount Dungannon, also known as Colonel Mark Trevor, was an Anglo-Irish soldier and peer. During the English Civil War and the Interregnum he switched sides several times between the Royalist and Parliamentary forces. Under King Charles II he was a significant force in Ulster and in 1662 was created the first Viscount Dungannon.
Sir Anthony Morgan (1621–1668) was an English Royalist politician and soldier. In the English Civil War he was first a Royalist captain and then in 1646 changed sides and joined the Parliamentary army. He was a captain in Ireton's horse (cavalry) in Ireland in 1649 and had risen to the rank of major by 1662. He was a Member of Parliament for the Irish constituency of Wicklow and Kildare in the parliaments of 1654 to 1658, and represented the Irish constituency of Meath and Louth in 1659. The Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell knighted him in 1656 and after the Restoration, he was also knighted by King Charles II in 1660. He was a commissioner of the English auxiliaries in France and an original member of the Royal Society in 1663.
Henry Jones of Asthall Manor, Oxfordshire was an officer in the New Model Army during the Interregnum. He transferred to the new small Royalist army of Charles II, serving as a Life Guard until he was dismissed after becoming a Roman Catholic. With King Charles's blessing he raised an English regiment of horse (cavalry) known as English Regiment of Light Horse in France for the French Army of Louis XIV. He was killed in action at the siege of Maastricht.
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